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MSystems Apr 2023Human gut dysbiosis is associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM); however, the gut microbiome in pregnant women with pregestational type 2 diabetes mellitus (PGDM)...
Human gut dysbiosis is associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM); however, the gut microbiome in pregnant women with pregestational type 2 diabetes mellitus (PGDM) remains unexplored. We investigated the alterations in the gut microbiota composition in pregnant women with or without PGDM. The gut microbiota was examined using 16S rRNA sequencing data of 234 maternal fecal samples that were collected during the first (T1), second (T2), and third (T3) trimesters. The PGDM group presented a reduction in the number of gut bacteria taxonomies as the pregnancies progressed. Linear discriminant analyses revealed that , , and Roseburia intestinalis were enriched in the PGDM group, whereas Bacteroides vulgatus, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Eubacterium rectale, Bacteroides uniformis, Eubacterium eligens, , Bacteroides fragilis, , , R-7, Roseburia inulinivorans, Streptococcus oralis, Prevotella melaninogenica, Neisseria perflava, Bacteroides ovatus, Bacteroides caccae, Veillonella dispar, and Haemophilus parainfluenzae were overrepresented in the control group. Correlation analyses showed that the PGDM-enriched taxa were correlated with higher blood glucose levels during pregnancy, whereas the taxonomic biomarkers of normoglycemic pregnancies exhibited negative correlations with glycemic traits. The microbial networks in the PGDM group comprised weaker microbial interactions than those in the control group. Our study reveals the distinct characteristics of the gut microbiota composition based on gestational ages between normoglycemic and PGDM pregnancies. Further longitudinal research involving women with T2DM at preconception stages and investigations using shotgun metagenomic sequencing should be performed to elucidate the relationships between specific bacterial functions and PGDM metabolic statuses during pregnancy and to identify potential therapeutic targets. The incidence of pregestational type 2 diabetes mellitus (PGDM) is increasing, with high rates of serious adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes that are strongly correlated with hyperglycemia. Recent studies have shown that type 2 diabetes mellitus is associated with gut microbial dysbiosis; however, the gut microbiome composition and its associations with the metabolic features of patients with PGDM remain largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the changes in the gut microbiota composition in pregnant women with and without PGDM. We identified differential taxa that may be correlated with maternal metabolic statuses during pregnancy. Additionally, we observed that the number of taxonomic and microbial networks of gut bacteria were distinctly reduced in women with hyperglycemia as their pregnancies progressed. These results extend our understanding of the associations between the gut microbial composition, PGDM-related metabolic changes, and pregnancy outcomes.
Topics: Infant, Newborn; Humans; Female; Pregnancy; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Pregnant Women; Dysbiosis; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Pregnancy Outcome; Hyperglycemia
PubMed: 36853013
DOI: 10.1128/msystems.01146-22 -
Saudi Journal of Gastroenterology :... 2023The results of this study provide an overview of the variations in microbiota diversity present in Saudi IBD patients compared to healthy controls.
CONCLUSIONS
The results of this study provide an overview of the variations in microbiota diversity present in Saudi IBD patients compared to healthy controls.
RESULTS
The key finding was three negative bacterial biomarkers, Paraprevotellaceae, the Muribaculaceae families of Bacteroidetes phylum, and the Leuconostocaceae family of Firmicutes phylum, which had a higher relative abundance in healthy individuals compared to IBD patients. It was also found that primary microbiota signatures at certain genera and species levels, including Prevotella copri, Bifidobacterium adolescentis, Ruminococcus callidus, Coprococcus sp., Ruminococcus gnavus, Dorea formicigenerans, Leuconostoc, Dialister, Catenibacterium, Eubacterium biforme, and Lactobacillus mucosae, were absent in almost all IBD patients, while Veillonella dispar was absent in all healthy individuals.
METHODS
After obtaining an informed consent, fecal samples were collected from 11 participants with IBD (patients) and 10 healthy individuals (controls). The bacterial components of the microbial population were identified by next-generation sequencing of partial 16S rRNA. Statistically significant dissimilarities were observed between samples for all metrics.
BACKGROUND
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic intestinal inflammatory condition attributed to a complex interaction between imbalances in the gut microbiome, environmental conditions, and a deregulated immune response. The aim of the study was to investigate the composition of the gut microbiome of Saudi patients with IBD.
Topics: Humans; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Pilot Projects; Saudi Arabia; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Feces
PubMed: 36695274
DOI: 10.4103/sjg.sjg_368_22 -
Oncogene Feb 2023Appendectomy impacts the homeostasis of gut microbiome in patients. We aimed to study the role of appendectomy in colorectal cancer (CRC) risk through causing gut...
Appendectomy impacts the homeostasis of gut microbiome in patients. We aimed to study the role of appendectomy in colorectal cancer (CRC) risk through causing gut microbial dysbiosis. Population-based longitudinal study (cohort 1, n = 129,155) showed a 73.0% increase in CRC risk among appendectomy cases throughout 20 years follow-up (Adjusted sub-distribution hazard ratio (SHR) 1.73, 95% CI 1.49-2.01, P < 0.001). Shotgun metagenomic sequencing was performed on fecal samples from cohort 2 (n = 314). Gut microbial dysbiosis in appendectomy subjects was observed with significant enrichment of 7 CRC-promoting bacteria (Bacteroides vulgatus, Bacteroides fragilis, Veillonella dispar, Prevotella ruminicola, Prevotella fucsa, Prevotella dentalis, Prevotella denticola) and depletion of 5 beneficial commensals (Blautia sp YL58, Enterococcus hirae, Lachnospiraceae bacterium Choco86, Collinsella aerofaciens, Blautia sp SC05B48). Microbial network analysis showed increased correlation strengths among enriched bacteria and their enriched oncogenic pathways in appendectomy subjects compared to controls. Of which, B. fragilis was the centrality in the network of the enriched bacteria. We further confirmed that appendectomy promoted colorectal tumorigenesis in mice by causing gut microbial dysbiosis and impaired intestinal barrier function. Collectively, this study revealed appendectomy-induced microbial dysbiosis characterized by enriched CRC-promoting bacteria and depleted beneficial commensals, signifying that the gut microbiome may play a crucial role in CRC development induced by appendectomy.
Topics: Animals; Mice; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Dysbiosis; Appendectomy; Longitudinal Studies; Colorectal Neoplasms
PubMed: 36539569
DOI: 10.1038/s41388-022-02569-3 -
Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) Oct 2022Bacterial adhesion to dental implants is the onset for the development of pathological biofilms. Reliable characterization of this initial process is the basis towards...
Bacterial adhesion to dental implants is the onset for the development of pathological biofilms. Reliable characterization of this initial process is the basis towards the development of anti-biofilm strategies. In the present study, single-cell force spectroscopy (SCFS), by means of an atomic force microscope connected to a microfluidic pressure control system (FluidFM), was used to comparably measure adhesion forces of different oral bacteria within a similar experimental setup to the common implant material titanium. The bacteria selected belong to different ecological niches in oral biofilms: the commensal pioneers and ; secondary colonizer ; and the late colonizing pathogens as well as fimbriated and non-fimbriated . The results showed highest values for early colonizing pioneer species, strengthening the link between adhesion forces and bacteria's role in oral biofilm development. Additionally, the correlation between biophysical cellular characteristics and SCFS results across species was analyzed. Here, distinct correlations between electrostatically driven maximum adhesion force, bacterial surface elasticity and surface charge as well as single-molecule attachment points, stretching capability and metabolic activity, could be identified. Therefore, this study provides a step towards the detailed understanding of oral bacteria initial adhesion and could support the development of infection-resistant implant materials in future.
PubMed: 36290534
DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9100567 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2022This study analyzed the antimicrobial and antibiofilm action and cytotoxicity of extract (HEScL) and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs-HEScL) from leaves. GC-MS, UV-Vis, EDX,...
This study analyzed the antimicrobial and antibiofilm action and cytotoxicity of extract (HEScL) and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs-HEScL) from leaves. GC-MS, UV-Vis, EDX, FEG/SEM, DLS and zeta potential assays were used to characterize the extract or nanoparticles. Antimicrobial, antibiofilm and cytotoxicity analyses were carried out by methods: agar diffusion, microdilution and normal oral keratinocytes spontaneously immortalized (NOK-SI) cell culture. MICs of planktonic cells ranged from 31.2-250 (AgNPs-HEScL) to 1,296.8-10,375 μg/ml (HEScL) for , , , , , , , and . AgNPs-HEScL showed antibiofilm effects (125-8,000 μg/ml) toward , and , and and . The NOK-SI exhibited no cytotoxicity when treated with 32.8 and 680.3 μg/ml of AgNPs-HEScL and HEScL, respectively, for 5 min. The data suggest potential antimicrobial and antibiofilm action of HEScL, and more specifically, AgNPs-HEScL, involving pathogens of medical and dental interest (dose-, time- and species-dependent). The cytotoxicity of HEScL and AgNPs-HEScL detected in NOK-SI was dose- and time-dependent. This study presents toxicological information about the lyophilized ethanolic extract of leaves, including their metallic nanoparticles, and adds scientific values to incipient studies found in the literature.
PubMed: 36246249
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.995521 -
JDR Clinical and Translational Research Jan 2024Describe associations between dental caries and dental plaque microbiome, by dentition and family membership.
OBJECTIVE
Describe associations between dental caries and dental plaque microbiome, by dentition and family membership.
METHODS
This cross-sectional analysis included 584 participants in the Center for Oral Health Research in Appalachia Cohort 1 (COHRA1). We sequenced the 16S ribosomal RNA gene (V4 region) of frozen supragingival plaque, collected 10 y prior, from 185 caries-active (enamel and dentinal) and 565 caries-free (no lesions) teeth using the Illumina MiSeq platform. Sequences were filtered using the R DADA2 package and assigned taxonomy using the Human Oral Microbiome Database.
RESULTS
Microbiomes of caries-active and caries-free teeth were most similar in primary dentition and least similar in permanent dentition, but caries-active teeth were significantly less diverse than caries-free teeth in all dentition types. Streptococcus mutans had greater relative abundance in caries-active than caries-free teeth in all dentition types ( < 0.01), as did in primary and mixed dentition ( < 0.01). sp. HMT 203 had significantly higher relative abundance in caries-free than caries-active teeth in all dentition types ( < 0.01). In a linear mixed model adjusted for confounders, the relative abundance of was significantly greater in plaque from caries-active than caries-free teeth ( < 0.001), and the relative abundance of sp. HMT 203 was significantly lower in plaque from caries-active than caries-free teeth ( < 0.001). Adding an effect for family improved model fit for sp. HMT 203 but not.
CONCLUSIONS
The diversity of supragingival plaque composition from caries-active and caries-free teeth changed with dentition, but was positively and sp. HMT 203 was negatively associated with caries regardless of dentition. There was a strong effect of family on the associations of sp. HMT 203 with the caries-free state, but this was not true for and the caries-active state.
KNOWLEDGE TRANSFER STATEMENT
Patients' and dentists' concerns about transmission of bacteria within families causing caries should be tempered by the evidence that some shared bacteria may contribute to good oral health.
Topics: Humans; Dental Caries; Dentition; Adenosine Deaminase; Cross-Sectional Studies; Dental Caries Susceptibility; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; Microbiota; Streptococcus mutans
PubMed: 36154330
DOI: 10.1177/23800844221121260 -
Infection and Immunity Oct 2022Root caries in geriatric patients is a growing problem as more people are maintaining their natural teeth into advanced age. We determined the levels of various...
Root caries in geriatric patients is a growing problem as more people are maintaining their natural teeth into advanced age. We determined the levels of various bacterial species previously implicated in root caries disease or health using quantitative real-time PCR in a pilot study of 7 patients with 1 to 4 root caries lesions per person. Levels of 12 different species on diseased roots compared to healthy (contralateral control) roots were measured. Four species were found at significantly higher levels on diseased roots (Streptococcus mutans, Veillonella parvula/dispar, Actinomyces naeslundii/viscosus, and Capnocytophaga granulosa) compared across all plaque samples. The level of colonization by these species varied dramatically (up to 1,000-fold) between patients, indicating different patients have different bacteria contributing to root caries disease. Neither of the two species previously reported to correlate with healthy roots (C. granulosa and Delftia acidovorans) showed statistically significant protective roles in our population, although D. acidovorans showed a trend toward higher levels on healthy teeth (0.08). There was a significant positive correlation between higher levels of S. mutans and V. parvula/dispar on the same diseased teeth. mixed biofilm studies demonstrated that co-culturing S. mutans and V. parvula leads to a 50 to 150% increase in sucrose-dependent biofilm mass compared to S. mutans alone, depending on the growth conditions, while V. parvula alone did not form biofilms. The presence of V. parvula also decreased the acidification of S. mutans biofilms when grown in artificial saliva and enhanced the health of mixed biofilms.
Topics: Humans; Aged; Streptococcus mutans; Root Caries; Saliva, Artificial; Pilot Projects; Veillonella; Biofilms; Sucrose; Dental Caries
PubMed: 36129298
DOI: 10.1128/iai.00355-22 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2022There are two main types of echinococcosis, namely alveolar echinococcosis (AE) and cystic echinococcosis (CE). They are zoonotic parasitic diseases caused by the...
There are two main types of echinococcosis, namely alveolar echinococcosis (AE) and cystic echinococcosis (CE). They are zoonotic parasitic diseases caused by the metacestodes of and . In order to explore the gut microbiome composition of patients with echinococcosis, we analyzed fecal samples of seven patients with AE, six patients with CE, and 13 healthy individuals from the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, China. Using metagenomic next-generation sequencing, we identified fecal bacteria in the patients with AE and CE. The gut microbiota was analyzed by next-generation metagenomic sequencing (mNGS) to compare patients with either AE or CE against healthy individuals. We found there were some differences between them in abundant bacteria. Our results led to five findings: (1) Between patients with echinococcosis and healthy individuals, the differential bacteria were from four phyla: Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria. (2) , , , , and were abundant in the feces of patients with AE. (3) sp_E4742, and were abundant in the feces of the patients with CE. (4) At the phylum and class level, compared to the AE group, the healthy group was characterized by higher numbers of Actinobacteria. (5) At the family level, Lachnospiraceae and Eubacteriaceae were more abundant in the feces of healthy individuals than in AE patients. The genera , , and were more abundant in the healthy group, while the genus was more abundant in the AE group. The results of this study enrich our understanding of the gut microbiome composition of patients with AE and CE in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau.
PubMed: 35615499
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.860909 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2022Dental caries remains the most common chronic disease in children, and the respective etiology is not fully understood. Though is an important factor in the initiation...
Dental caries remains the most common chronic disease in children, and the respective etiology is not fully understood. Though is an important factor in the initiation and progression of caries, its presence is not always associated with the disease. The existence of caries discordant populations, in which counts do not correlate with caries experience, poses a challenging problem. This study explored the possible correlation of S. and other microorganism levels on caries-associated ecology of caries-concordant and discordant populations. A total of forty-seven children were analyzed in this study and stratified into four clinical groups based on their levels in saliva (HS/LS: High/low ) and caries experience. levels were determined by culture-based selective plating. The salivary microbiome of caries concordant and discordant populations was investigated by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and downstream bioinformatics analysis. The salivary microbial communities significantly clustered based on levels and independent of their caries experience. In addition to levels, significant differences in the abundance of other species were observed between HS and LS groups. Interestingly, disease-associated species such as spp., and spp. were significantly increased in HS groups and may contribute, in combination with , to the caries progression. Furthermore, health-associated species exhibited higher abundance in the LS groups, such as sp., and spp. but their possible contribution to the caries process remains to be elucidated. This study provides evidence that may play a role in shaping the salivary microbial community. Our results highlight that future caries research should consider additional species as health/disease microbial markers in conjunction with to improve diagnosis and caries management of the caries-discordant population.
PubMed: 35250921
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.782825 -
Indian Journal of Pathology &... 2022Adenocarcinoma is a more common type of Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Lung cancer showed a statistically significant increment in the Kamrup Urban district of...
BACKGROUND
Adenocarcinoma is a more common type of Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Lung cancer showed a statistically significant increment in the Kamrup Urban district of Assam, Tripura, Sikkim, and Manipur of India. The goal of our pilot study is to identify non-invasive microbial biomarkers to detect lung adenocarcinoma (LAC).
MATERIAL AND METHODS
DNA extraction from saliva samples of five LAC patients and five healthy controls was performed by Qiagen DNeasy blood and tissue kit using Lysozyme (3mg/ml) treatment. 16S rRNA genes of distinct regions (V3-V4) were amplified from saliva DNA by PCR. Paired-end sequencing targeting the V3-V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene has been performed on the Illumina MiSeq platform. Raw sequences were analyzed using the QIIME(Quantitative Insights Into Microbial Ecology) software package.
RESULTS
Our preliminary results showed that Rothia mucilaginosa, Veillonella dispar, Prevotella melaninogenica, Prevotella pallens, Prevotella copri, Haemophilus parainfluenzae, Neisseria bacilliformis and Aggregatibacter segnis were significantly elevated in saliva of LAC which may serve as potential non-invasive biomarkers for LAC detection. Functional prediction analysis showed that bacterial genes involved in glycosyltransferase, peptidases, amino sugar, and nucleotide sugar metabolism, starch and sucrose metabolism were significantly enriched in LAC.
CONCLUSION
These salivary bacteria may contribute to the development of LAC by increasing expression of glycosyltransferase and peptidases. However to understand their role in pathobiology, studies are required to perform in large cohort.
Topics: Adenocarcinoma of Lung; Bacteria; Biomarkers, Tumor; DNA, Bacterial; Dysbiosis; Female; Humans; India; Male; Microbiota; Middle Aged; Pilot Projects; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Saliva
PubMed: 35074976
DOI: 10.4103/IJPM.IJPM_1111_20