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Oncology Letters Aug 2024Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is an aggressive brain cancer that occurs more frequently than other brain tumors. The present study aimed to reveal a novel mechanism of...
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is an aggressive brain cancer that occurs more frequently than other brain tumors. The present study aimed to reveal a novel mechanism of temozolomide resistance in GBM using bioinformatics and wet lab analyses, including meta-Z analysis, Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, protein-protein interaction (PPI) network establishment, cluster analysis of co-expressed gene networks, and hierarchical clustering of upregulated and downregulated genes. Next-generation sequencing and quantitative PCR analyses revealed downregulated [tyrosine kinase with immunoglobulin and epidermal growth factor homology domains 1 (), calcium voltage-gated channel auxiliary subunit α2Δ1 (), calpain 6 () and a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs 6 ()] and upregulated [serum amyloid (), growth differentiation factor 15 () and ubiquitin specific peptidase 26 ()] genes. Different statistical models were developed for these genes using the Z-score for P-value conversion, and Kaplan-Meier plots were constructed using several patient cohorts with brain tumors. The highest number of nodes was observed in the PPI network was for and . The PPI network model for all genes contained 35 nodes and 241 edges. Immunohistochemical staining was performed using isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)-wild-type or IDH-mutant GBM samples from patients and a significant upregulation of TIE1 (P<0.001) and CAPN6 (P<0.05) protein expression was demonstrated in IDH-mutant GBM in comparison with IDH-wild-type GBM. Structural analysis revealed an IDH-mutant model demonstrating the mutant residues (R132, R140 and R172). The findings of the present study will help the future development of novel biomarkers and therapeutics for brain tumors.
PubMed: 38939621
DOI: 10.3892/ol.2024.14511 -
New Microbes and New Infections 2024
PubMed: 38939553
DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2024.101441 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2024This study aimed to explore whether G423 could improve growth performance and lipid metabolism of broilers by the modulation of gut microbiota and metabolites. A total...
This study aimed to explore whether G423 could improve growth performance and lipid metabolism of broilers by the modulation of gut microbiota and metabolites. A total of 640 1-day-old AA broilers were randomly divided into 4 groups [Control (CON), Lac_L, Lac_H, and ABX]. Average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI), feed conversion ratio (FCR), breast muscle, thigh muscle, and abdominal fat pad were removed and weighed at 42 days of age. Serum was obtained by centrifuging blood sample from jugular vein (10 mL) for determining high-density lipoprotein (HDL), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and triglyceride (TG) using ELISA. The ileal contents were harvested and immediately frozen in liquid nitrogen for 16S rRNA and LC-MS analyses. Then, the results of 16S rRNA analysis were confirmed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Compared with the CON group, FCR significantly decreased in the Lac_H group ( < 0.05) in 1-21 days; ADG significantly increased and FCR significantly decreased in the Lac_H group ( < 0.05) in 22-42 days. 42 days weight body and ADG significantly increased in the Lac_H group ( < 0.05) in 42 days. Abdominal fat percentage was significantly decreased by G423 ( < 0.05), the high dose of G423 significantly decreased the serum of TG, TC, and LDL level ( < 0.05), and the low dose of G423 significantly decreased the serum of TG and TC level ( < 0.05). A significant difference in microbial diversity was found among the four groups. Compared with the CON group, the abundance rates of in the Lac_H group were significantly increased ( 0.05). The global and overview maps and membrane transport in the Lac_L, Lac_H, and ABX groups significantly changed versus those in the CON group ( < 0.05). The results of LC-MS demonstrated that could significantly improve the levels of some metabolites (6-hydroxy-5-methoxyindole glucuronide, 9,10-DiHOME, -Acetyl-l-phenylalanine, and kynurenine), and these metabolites were involved in four metabolic pathways. Among them, the pathways of linoleic acid metabolism, phenylalanine metabolism, and pentose and glucuronate interconversions significantly changed ( < 0.05). G423 could ameliorate growth performance and lipid metabolism of broilers by the modulation of gut microbiota and metabolites.
PubMed: 38939183
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1381756 -
JACC. Advances Jul 2023
PubMed: 38938991
DOI: 10.1016/j.jacadv.2023.100412 -
Journal of Extracellular Biology Jun 2023Small RNA (sRNA) profiling of Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) by Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) often delivers poor outcomes, independently of reagents, platforms or...
Small RNA (sRNA) profiling of Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) by Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) often delivers poor outcomes, independently of reagents, platforms or pipelines used, which contributes to poor reproducibility of studies. Here we analysed pre/post-sequencing quality controls (QC) to predict issues potentially biasing biological sRNA-sequencing results from purified human milk EVs, human and mouse EV-enriched plasma and human paraffin-embedded tissues. Although different RNA isolation protocols and NGS platforms were used in these experiments, all datasets had samples characterized by a marked removal of reads after pre-processing. The extent of read loss between individual samples within a dataset did not correlate with isolated RNA quantity or sequenced base quality. Rather, cDNA electropherograms revealed the presence of a constant peak whose intensity correlated with the degree of read loss and, remarkably, with the percentage of adapter dimers, which were found to be overrepresented sequences in high read-loss samples. The analysis through a QC pipeline, which allowed us to monitor quality parameters in a step-by-step manner, provided compelling evidence that adapter dimer contamination was the main factor causing batch effects. We concluded this study by summarising peer-reviewed published workflows that perform consistently well in avoiding adapter dimer contamination towards a greater likelihood of sequencing success.
PubMed: 38938917
DOI: 10.1002/jex2.91 -
Frontiers in Veterinary Science 2024Dermatophytic pseudomycetoma (DPM), which is a deeper dermal and/or subcutaneous infection of dermatophytes, has been rarely reported in Domestic Korean Short Hair Cats....
Dermatophytic pseudomycetoma (DPM), which is a deeper dermal and/or subcutaneous infection of dermatophytes, has been rarely reported in Domestic Korean Short Hair Cats. A 3-year-old, spayed female, domestic Korean Short Hair Cat presented with a history of crusts, nodules, and pruritus for 1 year. At the initial presentation, multifocal ulcerative nodules covered with yellowish grains were noted on her ventral thorax, abdomen, flank, and left hindlimb. Cytology of ulcerative nodules revealed degenerative neutrophils, macrophages, multinucleated giant cells, and hyphae. Histological examination of nodules revealed pyogranulomatous dermatitis with fungal plaques, and and were identified in the culture. Therefore, the cat was diagnosed with DPM with secondary pyoderma. Oral itraconazole (10 mg/kg, once a day) was administered, but no significant improvement was observed. Therefore, intralesional (IL) injection of amphotericin B (0.6 mg/nodule) and oral administration of terbinafine (30 mg/kg, twice a day) were administered to the cat. With these medications, ulceration and the number and size of nodules decreased significantly, although large dome-shaped nodules remained. Skin lesions were treated with oral terbinafine and itraconazole administration for 5 months. However, after 6 months, recurrence of multifocal ulcerative nodules was observed, and the cat died 10 months after initial presentation. In this case, IL amphotericin B and oral terbinafine administration were partially effective in DPM treatment, suggesting that this may be an option for DPM treatment. Further studies to determine dose and frequency of IL amphotericin B in the management of DPM are warranted.
PubMed: 38938913
DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1402691 -
Frontiers in Veterinary Science 2024Reptile white blood cell (WBC) morphological features are strikingly variable across species. In the Argentine black and white tegu (), red tegu (), and Savannah monitor...
Reptile white blood cell (WBC) morphological features are strikingly variable across species. In the Argentine black and white tegu (), red tegu (), and Savannah monitor (Var), previous reports described a WBC type with a single distinct, clear, linear- to ovoid- to crescent-shaped inclusion of presumptive monocytic origin. The objective of this study was to further investigate the origin of this unique WBC type with crescent-shaped inclusions. Blood samples from two Argentine black and white tegus, tegu 1, a 4-year-old female, and tegu 2, a 2-year-old presumed male, were submitted for routine hematological evaluation. Additional blood films were prepared and stained with these cytochemical stains: alkaline phosphatase (ALP; naphthol AS-MX phosphate substrate), alpha-naphthyl butyrate esterase, alpha-chloroacetate esterase, myeloperoxidase, Periodic acid-Schiff, and Sudan black B. Blood films from tegu 1 were also stained with a second ALP stain (5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indoxyl-phosphate and nitroblue tetrazolium substrate), Luna, luxol fast blue, and toluidine blue. The blood from tegu 1 was cytocentrifuged to isolate and fix the buffy coat in glutaraldehyde 2.5% aqueous solution for transmission electron microscopy. Six morphologically distinct WBC types were identified from tegu 1, including heterophils, basophils, monocytes, azurophils, lymphocytes, and the unique WBC type, which were identified as eosinophils with inclusions. WBC types in tegu 2 were similar; however, eosinophils lacked a discernable inclusion. Proper WBC identification will be useful in obtaining accurate hemogram data for this species.
PubMed: 38938912
DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1387178 -
Frontiers in Veterinary Science 2024The hypothalamus is an essential neuroendocrine area in animals that regulates sexual development. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are hypothesized to regulate...
The hypothalamus is an essential neuroendocrine area in animals that regulates sexual development. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are hypothesized to regulate physiological processes related to animal reproduction. However, the regulatory mechanism by which lncRNAs participate in sexual maturity in goats is poorly known, particularly from birth to sexual maturation. In this study, RNAseq analysis was conducted on the hypothalamus of four developmental stages (1day (D1, = 5), 2 months (M2, = 5), 4 months (M4, = 5), and 6 months (M6, = 5)) of Jining grey goats. The results showed that a total of 237 differentially expressed lncRNAs (DELs) were identified in the hypothalamus. Among these, 221 DELs exhibited cis-regulatory effects on 693 target genes, while 24 DELs demonstrated trans-regulatory effects on 63 target genes. The target genes of these DELs are mainly involved in biological processes related to energy metabolism, signal transduction and hormone secretion, such as sphingolipid signaling pathway, adipocytokine signaling pathway, neurotrophic signaling pathway, glutamatergic synapse, P53 signaling pathway and GnRH signaling pathway. In addition, XR_001918477.1, TCONS_00077463, XR_001918760.1, and TCONS_00029048 and their potential target genes may play a crucial role in the process of goat sexual maturation. This study advances our understanding of lncRNA in hypothalamic tissue during sexual maturation in goats and will give a theoretical foundation for improving goat reproductive features.
PubMed: 38938911
DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1404681 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2024The Asian citrus psyllid (ACP) Kuwayama is the leading vector of Liberibacter asiaticus (Las), the causative agent of citrus Huanglongbing (HLB) disease. The...
The Asian citrus psyllid (ACP) Kuwayama is the leading vector of Liberibacter asiaticus (Las), the causative agent of citrus Huanglongbing (HLB) disease. The distribution and dynamics of Las within ACP are critical to understanding how the transmission, spread and infection of Las occurs within its host vector in nature. In this study, the distribution and titer changes of Las in various tissues of ACP 5 instar nymphs and adults were examined by (FISH) and real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) techniques. Results demonstrated that 100% of ACP 5 instar nymphs and adults were infected with Las following feeding on infected plants, and that Las had widespread distribution in most of the tissues of ACP. The titers of Las within the midgut, salivary glands and hemolymph tissues were the highest in both 5 instar nymphs and adults. When compared with adults, the titers of Las in these three tissues of 5 instar nymphs were significantly higher, while in the mycetome, ovary and testes they were significantly lower than those of adults. FISH visualization further confirmed these findings. Dynamic analysis of Las demonstrated that it was present across all the developmental ages of ACP adults. There was a discernible upward trend in the presence of Las with advancing age in most tissues of ACP adults, including the midgut, hemolymph, salivary glands, foot, head, cuticula and muscle. Our findings have significant implications for the comprehensive understanding of the transmission, dissemination and infestation of Las, which is of much importance for developing novel strategies to halt the spread of Las, and therefore contribute to the efficient prevention and control of HLB.
Topics: Animals; Hemiptera; Insect Vectors; Plant Diseases; Nymph; Citrus; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence; Rhizobiaceae; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; Salivary Glands; Hemolymph
PubMed: 38938879
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1408362 -
F1000Research 2021
Topics: Humans; Mesenchymal Stem Cells; Biomarkers; Adipose Tissue; Cell Survival; Cell Hypoxia; Neovascularization, Physiologic; Ischemic Preconditioning
PubMed: 38938689
DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.55351.3