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Frontiers in Pediatrics 2024This study aims to investigate the long-term language outcome in children with unilateral childhood stroke in comparison to those with perinatal strokes and typically...
OBJECTIVES
This study aims to investigate the long-term language outcome in children with unilateral childhood stroke in comparison to those with perinatal strokes and typically developing individuals and to explore the impact of lesion-specific modifiers.
METHODS
We examined nine patients with childhood stroke, acquired between 0;2 and 16;1 years (CHILD; 3 female, median = 13.5 years, 6 left-sided), 23 patients with perinatal strokes (PERI; 11 female, median = 12.5 years, 16 left-sided), and 33 age-matched typically developing individuals (CONTROL; 15 female, median = 12.33 years). The language outcome was assessed using age-appropriate tasks of the Potsdam Illinois Test of Psycholinguistic Abilities (P-ITPA) or the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (PPVT). For group comparisons, study-specific language -scores were calculated. Non-verbal intelligence was assessed using the Test of Non-verbal Intelligence (TONI-4), language lateralization with functional MRI, and lesion size with MRI-based volumetry.
RESULTS
All four patients with childhood stroke who initially presented with aphasic symptoms recovered from aphasia. Patients with childhood stroke showed significantly lower language scores than those in the control group, but their scores were similar to those of the patients with perinatal stroke, after adjusting for general intelligence (ANCOVA, language -score CHILD = -0.30, PERI = -0.38, CONTROL = 0.42). Among the patients with childhood stroke, none of the possible modifying factors, including lesion side, correlated significantly with the language outcome.
CONCLUSION
Childhood stroke, regardless of the affected hemisphere, can lead to chronic language deficits, even though affected children show a "full recovery." The rehabilitation of children and adolescents with childhood stroke should address language abilities, even after the usually quick resolution of clear aphasic symptoms.
PubMed: 38774297
DOI: 10.3389/fped.2024.1338855 -
International Journal of Emergency... May 2024The skills of coping with stress and pressure within emergency medicine are conveyed informally and inconsistently throughout residency training. This study aims to... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
The skills of coping with stress and pressure within emergency medicine are conveyed informally and inconsistently throughout residency training. This study aims to identify key psychological competencies used by elite athletes in high-pressure situations, which can be integrated into a formal curriculum to support emergency medicine residents' performance in high acuity settings.
DESIGN
We conducted a scoping review spanning 20 years to identify the relevant psychological competencies used by elite athletes (Olympic or World level) to perform under pressure. We used controlled vocabulary to search within Medline, PsycInfo and SportDiscuss databases. A standardized charting method was used by the team of four authors to extract relevant data.
RESULTS
The scoping review identified 18 relevant articles, including 707 athletes from 49 different sports and 11 countries, 64 data items were extracted, and 6 main themes were identified. The main psychological competencies included the ability to sustain a high degree of motivation and confidence, to successfully regulate thoughts, emotions and arousal levels, and to maintain resilience in the face of adversity.
CONCLUSION
We used the main psychological competencies identified from our scoping review to develop a hypothesis generated framework to guide the integration of performance psychology principles into future emergency medicine residency programs.
PubMed: 38773362
DOI: 10.1186/s12245-024-00648-8 -
European Review For Medical and... May 2024The objective of this study was to assess whether individuals with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) exhibit a higher prevalence of traumatic dental... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
OBJECTIVE
The objective of this study was to assess whether individuals with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) exhibit a higher prevalence of traumatic dental injuries (TDIs) compared to those without ADHD through a systematic review and meta-analysis of the existing literature.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A search strategy using the Medical Subject Heading (MeSH) vocabulary was employed for a comprehensive search across various databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Embase. The Joanna Briggs Institute Summary was utilized for data collection. Additionally, quality assessment, meta-analysis, and bias control were conducted to ensure the reliability of the included studies. A meta-analysis was performed to consolidate the findings of the individual studies.
RESULTS
The prevalence of TDIs among individuals with ADHD ranged from 9.6% to 68.2%, while in the healthy control group, it ranged from 0.8% to 44.7%. The meta-analysis findings revealed that individuals with ADHD had 1.98 times higher odds (OR = 1.98, ranging from 1.51 to 2.59 with 95% CI) of experiencing TDIs compared to individuals without ADHD.
CONCLUSIONS
The findings of this study suggest a significant association between ADHD and an increased risk of TDIs. Individuals with ADHD were found to be nearly twice as likely to experience TDIs compared to those without ADHD. Efforts should not only be directed towards improving the oral health of this vulnerable group of individuals, but also healthcare practitioners need to be provided with opportunities to create awareness and implement preventive measures to mitigate the risk of TDIs among individuals with ADHD.
Topics: Humans; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity; Prevalence; Tooth Injuries
PubMed: 38766788
DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202405_36176 -
Journal of Minimally Invasive Gynecology May 2024To synthesize the terminology utilized in nerve-sparing surgical literature and propose standardized and nonconflicting terms to allow for consistent vocabulary.
OBJECTIVE
To synthesize the terminology utilized in nerve-sparing surgical literature and propose standardized and nonconflicting terms to allow for consistent vocabulary.
DESIGN
We performed a literature search on PubMed using the search terms "pelvis" and "nerve-sparing." Nongynecologic surgery and animal studies were excluded. A narrative review was performed, focusing on nerves, fasciae, ligaments, and retroperitoneal spaces. Terms from included papers were discussed by all authors, who are surgeons versed in nerve-sparing procedures and one anatomist, and recommendations were made regarding the most appropriate terms based on the frequency of occurrence in the literature and the possibility of overlapping names with other structures.
RESULTS
224 articles were identified, with 81 included in the full-text review. Overall, 48% of articles focused on cervical cancer and 26% on deeply infiltrating endometriosis. Findings were synthesized both narratively and visually. Inconsistencies in pelvic anatomical nomenclature were prevalent across publications. The structure with the most varied terminology was the rectal branch of the inferior hypogastric plexus with 14 names. A standardized terminology for pelvic autonomic nerve structures, fasciae, ligaments, and retroperitoneal spaces was proposed to avoid conflicting terms.
CONCLUSION
Surgeons and anatomists should use consistent terminology to facilitate increased uptake of nerve-sparing techniques in gynecologic surgery through a better understanding of surgical technique description. We have proposed a standardized terminology believed to facilitate this goal.
PubMed: 38761917
DOI: 10.1016/j.jmig.2024.05.013 -
Intensive & Critical Care Nursing Aug 2024Post-intensive care syndrome is a new or worsening persistent deterioration in cognitive, mental, and/or physical health following a prolonged admission to an intensive... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Post-intensive care syndrome is a new or worsening persistent deterioration in cognitive, mental, and/or physical health following a prolonged admission to an intensive care unit. Post-intensive care syndrome remains underexplored following cardiac surgery, with a lack of understanding of the incidence and tools used to measure the symptoms. A scoping review was conducted to determine the incidence and to identify the tools commonly used to measure symptoms of post-intensive care syndrome following cardiac surgery.
METHODS
The electronic databases Medline (Ovid), EMBASE (Ovid), PsycINFO (Ovid), Scopus, and CINAHL (EBSCOhost) and Google Scholar were searched with keywords and controlled vocabulary to describe both cardiac surgery and post-intensive care syndrome (cardiac surgical procedures, heart surgery, and post-intensive care symptoms) and symptoms (delirium, depression, mobility and quality of life). Included were articles written in English and published after 2005 that described cognitive, mental, and physical symptoms of post-intensive care syndrome following cardiac surgery. 3,131 articles were found, with 565 duplicates, leaving 2,566 articles to be screened. Of these, seven unique studies were included.
RESULTS
Five studies explored cognitive health, three mental health, one cognitive and mental health, and none physical health. No identified studies reported the overall incidence of post-intensive care syndrome following cardiac surgery. The incidence of cognitive health issues ranged from 21% to 38%, and mental health issues ranged from 16% to 99%. In total, 17 different tools were identified - 14 for cognitive health and three for mental health. No identified studies used the same tools to measure symptoms. No single tool was found to measure all three domains.
CONCLUSION
This scoping review identified a literature gap specific to the incidence and inconsistency of assessment tools for post-intensive care syndrome in cardiac surgery patients.
CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS
This work impacts clinical practice for the bedside nurse by raising awareness of an emerging health issue.
Topics: Humans; Incidence; Cardiac Surgical Procedures; Postoperative Complications; Intensive Care Units; Quality of Life; Critical Illness
PubMed: 38761612
DOI: 10.1016/j.iccn.2024.103718 -
Journal of the American Medical... Jun 2024Linking information on Japanese pharmaceutical products to global knowledge bases (KBs) would enhance international collaborative research and yield valuable insights....
OBJECTIVES
Linking information on Japanese pharmaceutical products to global knowledge bases (KBs) would enhance international collaborative research and yield valuable insights. However, public access to mappings of Japanese pharmaceutical products that use international controlled vocabularies remains limited. This study mapped YJ codes to RxNorm ingredient classes, providing new insights by comparing Japanese and international drug-drug interaction (DDI) information using a case study methodology.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Tables linking YJ codes to RxNorm concepts were created using the application programming interfaces of the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes and the National Library of Medicine. A comparative analysis of Japanese and international DDI information was thus performed by linking to an international DDI KB.
RESULTS
There was limited agreement between the Japanese and international DDI severity classifications. Cross-tabulation of Japanese and international DDIs by severity showed that 213 combinations classified as serious DDIs by an international KB were missing from the Japanese DDI information.
DISCUSSION
It is desirable that efforts be undertaken to standardize international criteria for DDIs to ensure consistency in the classification of their severity.
CONCLUSION
The classification of DDI severity remains highly variable. It is imperative to augment the repository of critical DDI information, which would revalidate the utility of fostering collaborations with global KBs.
Topics: Japan; Drug Interactions; Knowledge Bases; RxNorm; Humans; Vocabulary, Controlled; East Asian People
PubMed: 38758661
DOI: 10.1093/jamia/ocae094 -
Open Mind : Discoveries in Cognitive... 2024How does lexical decision behavior vary in students with the same grade level (all students were in their first year of middle-school), but different levels of reading...
PURPOSE
How does lexical decision behavior vary in students with the same grade level (all students were in their first year of middle-school), but different levels of reading fluency? Here, we tested a prediction of the dual-route model: as fluency increases, variations in the results may reflect a decreasing reliance on decoding and an increasing reliance on the lexical route.
METHOD
1,501 French 6 graders passed a one-minute speeded reading-aloud task evaluating fluency, and a ten-minute computerized lexical decision task evaluating the impact of lexicality, length, word frequency and pseudoword type.
RESULTS
As predicted, the word length effect varied dramatically with reading fluency, with the least fluent students showing a length effect even for frequent words. The frequency effect also varied, but solely in proportion to overall reading speed, suggesting that frequency affects the decision stage similarly in all readers, while length disproportionately impacts poor readers. Response times and errors were also affected by pseudoword type (e.g., letter substitutions or transpositions), but these effects showed minimal variation with fluency. Overall, lexical decision variables were excellent predictors of reading fluency (r = 0.62).
CONCLUSION
Our results highlight the variability in middle-school reading ability and describe how a simple lexical decision task can be used to assess students' mental lexicon (vocabulary) and the automatization of reading skills.
PubMed: 38746855
DOI: 10.1162/opmi_a_00140 -
BioRxiv : the Preprint Server For... May 2024The explosion of sequence data has allowed the rapid growth of protein language models (pLMs). pLMs have now been employed in many frameworks including variant-effect...
The explosion of sequence data has allowed the rapid growth of protein language models (pLMs). pLMs have now been employed in many frameworks including variant-effect and peptide-specificity prediction. Traditionally, for protein-protein or peptide-protein interactions (PPIs), corresponding sequences are either co-embedded followed by post-hoc integration or the sequences are concatenated prior to embedding. Interestingly, no method utilizes a language representation of the interaction itself. We developed an interaction LM (iLM), which uses a novel language to represent interactions between protein/peptide sequences. Sliding Window Interaction Grammar (SWING) leverages differences in amino acid properties to generate an interaction vocabulary. This vocabulary is the input into a LM followed by a supervised prediction step where the LM's representations are used as features. SWING was first applied to predicting peptide:MHC (pMHC) interactions. SWING was not only successful at generating Class I and Class II models that have comparable prediction to state-of-the-art approaches, but the unique Mixed Class model was also successful at jointly predicting both classes. Further, the SWING model trained only on Class I alleles was predictive for Class II, a complex prediction task not attempted by any existing approach. For de novo data, using only Class I or Class II data, SWING also accurately predicted Class II pMHC interactions in murine models of SLE (MRL/lpr model) and T1D (NOD model), that were validated experimentally. To further evaluate SWING's generalizability, we tested its ability to predict the disruption of specific protein-protein interactions by missense mutations. Although modern methods like AlphaMissense and ESM1b can predict interfaces and variant effects/pathogenicity per mutation, they are unable to predict interaction-specific disruptions. SWING was successful at accurately predicting the impact of both Mendelian mutations and population variants on PPIs. This is the first generalizable approach that can accurately predict interaction-specific disruptions by missense mutations with only sequence information. Overall, SWING is a first-in-class generalizable zero-shot iLM that learns the language of PPIs.
PubMed: 38746274
DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.01.592062 -
Heliyon May 2024Dementia is marked by a steady decline or worsening in cognitive abilities, affecting memory, logic, and social competencies. While many studies suggest a potential link...
INTRODUCTION
Dementia is marked by a steady decline or worsening in cognitive abilities, affecting memory, logic, and social competencies. While many studies suggest a potential link between the amount of sleep and dementia risk, the outcomes are not yet consistent. This research delved into the relationship between sleep length and bedtime on cognitive abilities using an extensive dataset from the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) from 2014 to 2020.
METHODS
Data from 175,702 observations were collected, including cognitive function test data from 22,848 participants. Various cognitive tests were used to assess cognitive function. Restricted cubic spline (RCS) models were used for data analysis.
RESULTS
The optimal sleep duration for cognitive function was found to be 6-7 h, and the optimal bedtime was generally between 22:00-23:00. Longitudinal analysis revealed that sleep duration four years prior had a significant impact on current cognitive function. After accounting for various factors, those who slept for 7-8 h and over 8 h displayed lower cognitive function scores. Conversely, individuals sleeping less than 6 h had higher scores on the Vocabulary Test. Bedtime before 22:00 was associated with lower scores on the Vocabulary Test and Mathematical Test. Subgroup analyses based on age, gender, and urban residence showed variations in optimal sleep duration for different populations. Propensity Score Matching (PSM) analysis supported the findings.
CONCLUSIONS
Maintaining a sleep duration of 6-7 h and a regular bedtime between 22:00-23:00 is important for optimizing cognitive performance.
PubMed: 38737242
DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30009 -
Journal of Proteome Research Jun 2024Enzymes are indispensable in many biological processes, and with biomedical literature growing exponentially, effective literature review becomes increasingly...
Enzymes are indispensable in many biological processes, and with biomedical literature growing exponentially, effective literature review becomes increasingly challenging. Natural language processing methods offer solutions to streamline this process. This study aims to develop an annotated enzyme corpus for training and evaluating enzyme named entity recognition (NER) models. A novel pipeline, combining dictionary matching and rule-based keyword searching, automatically annotated enzyme entities in >4800 full-text publications. Four deep learning NER models were created with different vocabularies (BioBERT/SciBERT) and architectures (BiLSTM/transformer) and evaluated on 526 manually annotated full-text publications. The annotation pipeline achieved an 1-score of 0.86 (precision = 1.00, recall = 0.76), surpassed by fine-tuned transformers for 1-score (BioBERT: 0.89, SciBERT: 0.88) and recall (0.86) with BiLSTM models having higher precision (0.94) than transformers (0.92). The annotation pipeline runs in seconds on standard laptops with almost perfect precision, but was outperformed by fine-tuned transformers in terms of 1-score and recall, demonstrating generalizability beyond the training data. In comparison, SciBERT-based models exhibited higher precision, and BioBERT-based models exhibited higher recall, highlighting the importance of vocabulary and architecture. These models, representing the first enzyme NER algorithms, enable more effective enzyme text mining and information extraction. Codes for automated annotation and model generation are available from https://github.com/omicsNLP/enzymeNER and https://zenodo.org/doi/10.5281/zenodo.10581586.
Topics: Deep Learning; Algorithms; Natural Language Processing; Enzymes; Molecular Sequence Annotation; Humans; Data Mining
PubMed: 38733346
DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.3c00367