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Frontiers in Oncology 2024The majority of patients of lung cancer have already lost the chance of surgery at the time of diagnosis. Percutaneous local thermal ablation is a precise minimally...
BACKGROUND
The majority of patients of lung cancer have already lost the chance of surgery at the time of diagnosis. Percutaneous local thermal ablation is a precise minimally invasive technique and a viable alternative to surgical treatment. Compared with radiofrequency ablation and microwave ablation, percutaneous laser ablation for the treatment of lung tumors is less commonly used and reported, especially for primary lung cancer.
CASE PRESENTATION
A 63-year-old male patient with mixed pulmonary nodules selected computed tomography-guided electromagnetic navigation system for percutaneous biopsy and laser ablation therapy. The puncture point was determined through Computed tomography scanning, along with the placement of the electromagnetic navigation system locators. After rapid on-site evaluation and pathological examination of the puncture tissue specimen, the diagnosis of lung adenocarcinoma was confirmed. A 980-nanometer wavelength semiconductor laser fiber was inserted into the appropriate position guided by the electromagnetic navigation system. Subsequently, a power of 7 watt was applied to ablate the tumor for 30 seconds, then pause for 60 seconds before repeating the procedure. Positron emission tomography-Computed tomography examination was performed 1 month after operation, suggesting complete response of the tumor.
CONCLUSION
Here, we present a case of percutaneous laser ablation treatment for primary lung cancer guided by computed tomography-electromagnetic navigation system. As a more precise, shorter duration, impedance-independent, safe and effective minimally invasive thermal ablation method, it is expected to gain wider application and become a novel alternative for surgical treatment.
PubMed: 38884088
DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1396452 -
Frontiers in Psychology 2024While sexual assault may have particularly adverse emotional effects compared with other forms of trauma, it remains unclear which emotional outcome dimensions are...
INTRODUCTION
While sexual assault may have particularly adverse emotional effects compared with other forms of trauma, it remains unclear which emotional outcome dimensions are impacted, whether cannabis outcomes are similarly impacted, and whether gender differences exist in sexual assault's links with these outcomes.
METHODS
= 100 cannabis users with trauma histories ( age = 33.1) completed standardized measures of demographics, trauma exposure, posttraumatic stress (PTS) and depressive symptoms, hopelessness, and cannabis outcomes (frequency, medicinal prescription, motives, and craving).
RESULTS
Sexual assault was experienced more often by women (83.9%) than men (31.8%). A series of 2 × 2 analyses of variance [gender: women ( = 56) vs. men ( = 44) × trauma type: sexual assault ( = 61) vs. other ( = 39)] and logistic regression revealed that sexual assault survivors scored higher than other trauma survivors on re-experiencing and hyperarousal PTS symptoms (DSM-5 Clusters B and E), cognitive depressive symptoms, hopelessness, cannabis use frequency, medicinal cannabis prescription, cannabis use to cope with psychological symptoms, and compulsivity craving; and lower on social and enhancement cannabis use motives. In terms of gender main effects, women scored higher than men on cannabis use to cope with negative emotions. In terms of interactions for PTS Cluster D symptoms (negative alterations in mood/cognitions), among men only, sexual assault survivors scored higher than other trauma survivors; and for cannabis enhancement motives and purposefulness cannabis craving, among sexual assault survivors only, women scored higher than men.
DISCUSSION
Across many different trauma, women survivors' use of cannabis to cope with negative affect should be a specific therapeutic focus. Moreover, we identified specific emotional and cannabis use outcomes that should be of specific clinical concern among sexual assault survivors regardless of gender. Finally, in terms of gender differences of clinical interest among sexual assault survivors, while PTS Cluster D symptoms should be specific treatment targets in men, cannabis enhancement motives and purposefulness craving should be treatment targets in women.
PubMed: 38882518
DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1386264 -
Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) Jun 2024Copper-filled vertically aligned carbon nanotubes (Cu@VACNTs) were grown directly on Cu foil substrates of 0.1 mm thicknesses at different temperatures via...
Copper-filled vertically aligned carbon nanotubes (Cu@VACNTs) were grown directly on Cu foil substrates of 0.1 mm thicknesses at different temperatures via plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD). By circumventing the need for additional catalyst layers or intensive substrate treatments, our in-situ technique offers a simplified and potentially scalable route for fabricating Cu@VACNTs with enhanced electrical and thermal properties on thin Cu foils. Comprehensive analysis using field emission scanning microscopy (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) mappings, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) revealed uniform Cu filling within the VACNTs across a range of synthesis temperatures (650 °C, 700 °C, and 760 °C). Field emission (FE) measurements of the sample synthesized at 700 °C (S700) showed low turn-on and threshold fields of 2.33 V/μm and 3.29 V/μm, respectively. The findings demonstrate the viability of thin Cu substrates in creating dense and highly conductive Cu-filled VACNT arrays for advanced electronic and nanoelectronics applications.
PubMed: 38869613
DOI: 10.3390/nano14110988 -
Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) Jun 2024Single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) thin films were synthesized by using a floating catalyst chemical vapor deposition (FCCVD) method with a low flow rate (200 sccm)...
Single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) thin films were synthesized by using a floating catalyst chemical vapor deposition (FCCVD) method with a low flow rate (200 sccm) of mixed gases (Ar and H). SWCNT thin films with different thicknesses can be prepared by controlling the collection time of the SWCNTs on membrane filters. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed that the SWCNTs formed bundles and that they had an average diameter of 1.46 nm. The Raman spectra of the SWCNT films suggested that the synthesized SWCNTs were very well crystallized. Although the electrical properties of SWCNTs have been widely studied so far, the Hall effect of SWCNTs has not been fully studied to explore the electrical characteristics of SWCNT thin films. In this research, Hall effect measurements have been performed to investigate the important electrical characteristics of SWCNTs, such as their carrier mobility, carrier density, Hall coefficient, conductivity, and sheet resistance. The samples with transmittance between 95 and 43% showed a high carrier density of 10-10 cm. The SWCNTs were also treated using Brønsted acids (HCl, HNO, HSO) to enhance their electrical properties. After the acid treatments, the samples maintained their p-type nature. The carrier mobility and conductivity increased, and the sheet resistance decreased for all treated samples. The highest mobility of 1.5 cm/Vs was obtained with the sulfuric acid treatment at 80 °C, while the highest conductivity (30,720 S/m) and lowest sheet resistance (43 ohm/square) were achieved with the nitric acid treatment at room temperature. Different functional groups were identified in our synthesized SWCNTs before and after the acid treatments using Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR).
PubMed: 38869591
DOI: 10.3390/nano14110965 -
Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport May 2024Birthweight (BW) indicates newborn health and is a risk factor for development of chronic diseases later in life. The aim was to investigate whether or not prenatal...
OBJECTIVES
Birthweight (BW) indicates newborn health and is a risk factor for development of chronic diseases later in life. The aim was to investigate whether or not prenatal physical activity (PA) influences BW extremes and how PA influences BW extremes in those diagnosed with pregnancy-related diseases.
DESIGN
We performed a scoping review.
METHODS
Searches were completed on five databases and studies identified were uploaded to Covidence.
RESULTS
Across the five databases 3114 studies were identified and after screening, 69 of these studies were used for the final review. Of the 61 studies that considered low BW (LBW)/small for gestational age (SGA) infants, the majority of results (69 %) indicated that PA during pregnancy had no significant impact on LBW or SGA infants. In addition, 11 % of studies reported a significant decrease in the prevalence of LBW infants, however two studies (3 %) reported a significant increase in LBW or SGA infants, likely relating to individuals with high body mass index and poor adherence to PA. Of the 41 studies that did report LGA/macrosomia, 34 % reported that PA significantly reduced the prevalence of higher BW infants. One study reported the association between meeting exercise recommendations and reducing the odds of LGA infants in those with pregnancy-related diseases.
CONCLUSIONS
We provide evidence on the association of prenatal PA with BW extremes. It is suggested that prenatal PA does not increase the risk of delivering LBW/SGA infants and may reduce the prevalence of large BW infants. Further research is needed to confirm these relationships and explain their underlying mechanisms.
PubMed: 38866653
DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2024.05.016 -
Optics Express Jun 2024Cascaded Raman Fiber Lasers (CRFLs) are wavelength versatile sources that can provide power at any wavelength in the Near-Infrared (NIR) region. Conventional CRFLs with...
Cascaded Raman Fiber Lasers (CRFLs) are wavelength versatile sources that can provide power at any wavelength in the Near-Infrared (NIR) region. Conventional CRFLs with broadband feedback are widely wavelength tunable but have broad line widths. A feedback mechanism must be used to reduce the broadening of the linewidth without compromising the wavelength tunability. Here, we propose to use a dual feedback mechanism that combines broadband feedback at all wavelengths, using a flat cleave, with filtered feedback at a desired wavelength due to a grating filter. This allows substantial linewidth reduction of CRFLs up to the 6 Raman shifts, from 1100 nm to 1500 nm, and can be extended further. Significantly reduced linewidth with multi-watt in-band output power is achieved with fine wavelength tuning within each Raman Stokes band using a fixed wavelength pump. As an application of linewidth narrowed output, we performed frequency doubling of CRFL output to generate over 100 mW of wavelength tunable yellow-green and yellow output with enhanced efficiency.
PubMed: 38859440
DOI: 10.1364/OE.524166 -
Optics Express Apr 2024High power 509 nm continuous-wave (CW) lasers have important applications in science and communication. Here we demonstrate a robust high-power single-frequency 509 nm...
High power 509 nm continuous-wave (CW) lasers have important applications in science and communication. Here we demonstrate a robust high-power single-frequency 509 nm laser system based on nonlinear phase demodulation technique and single-pass second harmonic generation (SHG) configuration. In experiments, the single-frequency fundamental wave at 1018 nm was linewidth-broadened by an electro-optical modulator and then amplified to 207 W in a ytterbium-doped fiber amplifier. In subsequent single-pass SHG stage, over 20 W CW single-frequency 509 nm laser was generated in a LiBO crystal with a SHG efficiency of 9.7%. To the best of our knowledge, this is the highest reported power for CW single-frequency 509 nm laser, which could be used for advanced underwater optical communication and preparation of cesium Rydberg state.
PubMed: 38859408
DOI: 10.1364/OE.521926 -
Optics Express Apr 2024We report a 4.3 µm mid-infrared (mid-IR) high-power amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) fiber source based on CO-filled nested hollow-core anti-resonant fiber...
We report a 4.3 µm mid-infrared (mid-IR) high-power amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) fiber source based on CO-filled nested hollow-core anti-resonant fiber (Nested HC-ARF). The pump source is a homemade hundred-watt-level wavelength-tunable 2 µm single-frequency fiber laser. A 5.7 m long 8-tube Nested HC-ARF is used as the gas cell, with a core diameter of 110 µm and cladding diameter of 400 µm, which exhibits transmission loss of 0.1 dB/m at 2 µm and 0.24 dB/m at 4.3 µm respectively. To improve the coupling efficiency of the high-power pump laser and reduce the influence of the thermal effect at the input end of the hollow-core fiber, the fiber is designed for multimode transmission at the pump wavelength. A continuous wave output power of 6.6 W at 4.3 µm is achieved, and the slope efficiency is 17.05%. To the best of our knowledge, it is the highest output power for such gas-filled HC-ARF ASE sources in 4∼5 µm. This work demonstrates the great potential of gas-filled HC-ARF generating high-power mid-IR emission.
PubMed: 38859395
DOI: 10.1364/OE.517713 -
Optics Express Apr 2024In this paper, a hundred-watt-level near-diffraction-limited step-index Yb-doped fiber (YDF) laser near 980 nm is demonstrated firstly, to the best of our knowledge. By...
In this paper, a hundred-watt-level near-diffraction-limited step-index Yb-doped fiber (YDF) laser near 980 nm is demonstrated firstly, to the best of our knowledge. By using the 11.7-W 979-nm single-mode seed light, the in-band amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) is well suppressed and the maximum output power of 101.5 W with the beam quality (M factor) of 1.285 was obtained. This work does not only propose an effective method for the suppression of in-band ASE, but also provides a cost-effective solution of hundred-Watt-level near-diffraction-limited fiber lasers near 980 nm.
PubMed: 38859289
DOI: 10.1364/OE.517764 -
Optics Express May 2024We report on the Czochralski crystal growth, polarized optical spectroscopy, and the first continuous-wave laser operation of 1.5 at.% Tm:LuVO crystal on the H → H...
We report on the Czochralski crystal growth, polarized optical spectroscopy, and the first continuous-wave laser operation of 1.5 at.% Tm:LuVO crystal on the H → H transition. The polarized absorption and stimulated-emission properties of Tm ions in LuVO were revised and the crystal-field splitting of the Tm multiplets was determined by low-temperature (12 K) spectroscopy. The maximum stimulated-emission cross-section for the H → H transition is 2.48 × 10 cm at 2363 nm for π-polarization corresponding to an emission bandwidth of 28 nm. Evidence of phonon-assisted emissions of Tm ions above 2 µm is presented. The broadband emission properties of the Tm:LuVO crystal make it promising for ultrashort pulse generation. Additionally, pumped by a 796 nm fiber-coupled laser diode, the Tm:LuVO laser generated a Watt-level output power at 2279-2295 nm with a slope efficiency of 9.2% and linearly polarized emission (π-polarization).
PubMed: 38859092
DOI: 10.1364/OE.517124