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Dentistry Journal Sep 2021Hyperlipidemia is a well-recognized risk factor for cardiovascular disease, which, in turn, acts as a contributory factor in periodontitis development. Periodontitis has... (Review)
Review
Hyperlipidemia is a well-recognized risk factor for cardiovascular disease, which, in turn, acts as a contributory factor in periodontitis development. Periodontitis has been associated with benign tumors and cancers and withseveral disorders, including hyperlipidemia. Correspondingly, periodontal treatment may exert a positive effect on lipid metabolism, although opposite evidence has also been reported. As a counterpart, the therapy for hyperlipidemia, conventionally based on statins, has been proposed to positively affect periodontal conditions, mainly due to statin pleiotropic effects, reducing periodontal inflammation and promoting osseointegration. Therefore, the present systematic review aimed to evaluate, in subjects with untreated periodontitis and peri-implant disease (Population), the effect of routine systemically administered statins (Intervention), compared to non-statin use (Comparison), on periodontal parameters around natural teeth and implants (Outcome). Discordant results were found in periodontal parameters, and the current lack of such data related to peri-implant tissues and to alveolar bone loss highlights the need for further studies on the topic, potentially paving the way for a more comprehensive approach to periodontitis and peri-implantitis management. Indeed, the validation of the beneficial effect provided by systemically delivered statins on periodontal and peri-implant tissues may direct recall scheduling, predict response to therapy and, therefore, guide treatment strategies of periodontal and peri-implant treatments in statin users.
PubMed: 34562974
DOI: 10.3390/dj9090100 -
Dentistry Journal Nov 2022Periodontal disease (PD) and obesity are characterized by a dysregulated inflammatory state. Both conditions trigger inflammatory and immune responses with an increase... (Review)
Review
Periodontal disease (PD) and obesity are characterized by a dysregulated inflammatory state. Both conditions trigger inflammatory and immune responses with an increase in proinflammatory cytokines such as Interleukin 6 (IL-6) and the release of inflammatory mediators such as C-reactive protein (CRP). Individuals with a high body mass index (BMI) present a chronic inflammatory state. The aim of the present study was to perform a systematic review of inflammatory markers (IL-6 and CRP) in obese patients with PD and their possible relationship by analyzing the levels of these markers. A digital literature search was performed in three databases-PubMed, SciElo and Medigraphic-through an advanced search for original articles, employing IL-6 and CRP in obese patients with PD, within a publication period from 2010 to 2021. PRISMA guidelines, the JADAD scale and a qualitative analysis of scientific evidence were performed using the Cochrane collaboration method and the RoB 2 assessment tool. Ten articles were included in this analysis with the variables recorded and associated with subjects with obesity and PD. Of the ten articles included, three analyzed IL-6 and CRP, four analyzed IL-6 and three analyzed CRP. In conclusion, and based on the available evidence, the aforementioned markers of inflammation demonstrate that there is a relationship between PD and obesity.
PubMed: 36547041
DOI: 10.3390/dj10120225 -
Journal of Dental Sciences Oct 2022Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder and the most common form of dementia. The etiology for AD includes age, genetic susceptibility, neuropathology,... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder and the most common form of dementia. The etiology for AD includes age, genetic susceptibility, neuropathology, and infection. Periodontitis is an infectious and inflammatory disease which mainly causes alveolar bone destruction and tooth loss. The evidence of a link between AD and periodontitis remains controversial. Thus far, studies reviewing the association between AD and periodontal disease have been insufficient from the viewpoint of the oral microbiome. The aim of this review was to focus on studies that have explored the relationship between the oral microbiome and AD development by using the next-generation sequencing technique.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A comprehensive electronic search of MEDLINE via PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, and Google Scholar was conducted. The keywords included dementia, Alzheimer's disease, cognitive impairment, periodontitis, periodontal disease, and oral microbiome.
RESULTS
This review included 26 articles based on the eligibility criteria. Epidemiologic researches and post-mortem studies showed that the presence of periodontitis is associated with cognitive decline, suggesting a possible role of periodontal pathogens in the pathogenesis of AD. The reported microbiome was inconsistent with those in gene sequencing studies. Nevertheless, Gram-negative species may be possible candidates.
CONCLUSION
This review suggests that periodontal infection is associated with AD. The contributing microbiome remains unconfirmed, possibly because of different microbiome sampling sites or methods. Additional large-scale studies with periodontal intervention and longitudinal follow-up are warranted to clarify the relationship between periodontal disease and AD.
PubMed: 36299333
DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2022.07.001 -
Journal of International Society of... 2019This systematic review aimed to provide an overview of role of nanotechnology in dentistry and to evaluate its applicability in prevention and treatment of oral diseases. (Review)
Review
AIM
This systematic review aimed to provide an overview of role of nanotechnology in dentistry and to evaluate its applicability in prevention and treatment of oral diseases.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A systematic literature search was conducted in 2 electronic databases - PMC and Cochrane. The search was restricted to the articles published during the last 5 years. First-level screening was done to select articles for the review on the basis of title and abstract. Then, full texts of selected articles were studied, and relevant articles were selected to be included in this review. Articles selected were critically appraised to evaluate their quality.
RESULTS
Literature search revealed 837 articles in PMC, 15 in Clinical trial register of US National library, and 43 in Cochrane. Additional 6 articles were identified by hand search. Eleven clinical trials were included in this review.
CONCLUSION
Advancement in nanotechnology has greatly influenced dental disease prevention and therapy significantly.
PubMed: 32039072
DOI: 10.4103/jispcd.JISPCD_223_19 -
Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics Feb 2011Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is thought to become more prevalent with age. (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is thought to become more prevalent with age.
AIM
To assess systematically how age affects the prevalence of GERD and its oesophageal complications.
METHODS
Systematic PubMed searches were used to identify population-based studies on the age-related prevalence and incidence of GERD, and clinical studies on age-related changes in oesophageal complications in GERD.
RESULTS
Nine population-based studies and seven clinical studies met the inclusion criteria. Four of seven prevalence studies observed no significant effect of age on GERD symptom prevalence, two did not report on statistical significance and one observed a significant age-related increase in symptom prevalence. The two population-based endoscopic surveys showed no significant effect of age on reflux oesophagitis prevalence. Clinical studies in patients with GERD showed an increase in reflux oesophagitis severity and a decrease in heartburn severity with age, and age-related increases in oesophageal acid exposure and anatomical disruption of the gastro-oesophageal junction.
CONCLUSIONS
Epidemiological studies do not show an increase in GERD symptom prevalence with age. However, in individuals with GERD, ageing is associated with more severe patterns of acid reflux and reflux oesophagitis; despite this, symptoms associated with GERD become less severe and more nonspecific with ageing. Thus, the real prevalence of GERD may well increase with age.
Topics: Aging; Gastric Acid; Gastroesophageal Reflux; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Prevalence; Severity of Illness Index
PubMed: 21138458
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2036.2010.04542.x -
International Journal of Clinical... 2017To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to establish if fever is associated with primary tooth eruption. (Review)
Review
AIM
To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to establish if fever is associated with primary tooth eruption.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Literature searches involved Pubmed, MEDLINE, Web of Science, Scopus and Cochrane. The potentially relevant studies had the full text analyzed. Only studies concerning fever during eruption period of primary tooth in humans were included. Papers in non-English language, and papers that included syndromic patients or patients with any disease were excluded. The meta-analyses were performed with Review Manager (version 5.3). Only studies that reported the results as dichotomous data were analyzed with Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel test in meta-analysis function of Review Manager 5.3. The fixed-effects model was used to evaluate the association between tooth eruption and fever.
RESULTS
Search identified 83 potential studies. After exclusion of the duplicated studies, or were not related to the criteria of inclusion only 6 studies were selected for the systematic review. In the overall meta-analysis, no association was found [OR = 1.32 (0.88-1.96)] between fever and primary tooth eruption. However, in the subgroup analysis, when the method used to measure fever was the rectal temperature there was an association [OR = 2.82 (1.55-5.14)] between fever and primary tooth eruption.
CONCLUSION
There are few suitable studies in the literature regarding the association between primary tooth eruption and fever. However, our study found an association between fever and primary tooth eruption only when rectal temperature was performed.
HOW TO CITE THIS ARTICLE
Nemezio MA, De Oliveira KMH, Romualdo PC, Queiroz AM, Paula-e-Silva FWG, Silva RAB, Kuchler EC. Association between Fever and Primary Tooth Eruption: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2017;10(3):293-298.
PubMed: 29104392
DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-1453 -
Evidence-based Dentistry Sep 2023PubMed, Scopus and Cochrane Library were systematically searched for studies published up to October 2021.
DATA SOURCES
PubMed, Scopus and Cochrane Library were systematically searched for studies published up to October 2021.
STUDY SELECTION
Two separate search strategies were employed: (1) In adults with periodontitis, what is the prevalence or incidence of respiratory diseases compared to healthy or gingivitis adults in cross-sectional, cohort or case -control studies. (2) In adults with periodontitis and respiratory disease, what are the effects of periodontal therapy compared to no or minimal therapy in clinical trials (randomised and non-randomised)? Respiratory diseases were defined as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA), asthma, COVID-19, and community acquire pneumonia (CAP). Exclusion criteria included non-English studies, individuals with severe systemic comorbidities, less than 12 months follow up, and a sample size less than 10 individuals.
DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS
Two reviewers independently screened the titles, abstracts, and selected manuscripts against the inclusion criteria. Disagreement was solved by consulting a third reviewer. Studies were classified according to the respiratory diseases investigated. Quality assessment was performed using various tools. Qualitative assessment was performed. Studies with sufficient data were included in meta-analyses. Heterogeneity was assessed using the Q test and I index. Fixed and random effects models were used. Effect sizes were presented as odds-ratios, relative risks, and hazard ratios.
RESULTS
75 studies were included. Meta-analyses revealed statistically significant positive associations of periodontitis with COPD and OSA (p < 0.001) however no association for asthma. Four studies showed positive effects of periodontal treatment on COPD, asthma, and CAP.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Cross-Sectional Studies; COVID-19; Periodontitis; Asthma; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive
PubMed: 37188924
DOI: 10.1038/s41432-023-00899-z -
Dental and Medical Problems 2023To synthesize previous findings on the prevalence of periodontal disease (PD) in the adult Vietnamese population, a search for peer-reviewed literature was conducted... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
To synthesize previous findings on the prevalence of periodontal disease (PD) in the adult Vietnamese population, a search for peer-reviewed literature was conducted using the MEDLINE, PubMed and Scopus databases through January 10, 2022. Two reviewers individually assessed abstracts and full-text articles to determine their suitability for inclusion. Only English articles were included if their results described the prevalence of PD among the Vietnamese. Among 900 potential studies, 8 cross-sectional studies with 7,262 adult participants qualified to be included. We found that overall the prevalence of PD was 64.9% (95% confidence interval (CI): 45-81%), with very high heterogeneity across the observed prevalence estimates (Q = 1,204.8776; df = 7; p < 0.001; I2 = 99.42%). Further subgroup analyses stratified by age, location, sampling, study design, and region also revealed significant differences, with a higher prevalence of PD among (1) population-based studies, (2) participants aged ≥65 years, (3) participants with non-chronic diseases, (4) studies using the WHO, community periodontal index (CPI) and standard oral examinations, (5) studies conducted in Central Vietnam, and (6) studies using randomization sampling (p < 0.01) than in other populations. Sensitivity analyses validated the stability of the current findings. Within the limits of the available evidence, this meta-analysis showed a high percentage of Vietnamese adults suffer from PD. Nonetheless, the findings should be taken cautiously due to the limited number of published articles and the possibility of bias in the included research. More well-designed studies with larger sample sizes are thus required for further verification.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Humans; Cross-Sectional Studies; Periodontal Diseases; Prevalence; Southeast Asian People; Vietnam
PubMed: 37023342
DOI: 10.17219/dmp/150832 -
Dentistry Journal Aug 2022Since smoking is considered among the main risk factors for the onset and progression of periodontitis and peri-implantitis, the present systematic review aimed to... (Review)
Review
Since smoking is considered among the main risk factors for the onset and progression of periodontitis and peri-implantitis, the present systematic review aimed to evaluate the effect of smoking cessation on clinical, radiographic, and gingival crevicular periodontal parameters around natural teeth and dental implants in ex-smokers compared to current and non-smokers. The study protocol was developed based on the PRISMA guidelines, the research question was formulated according to the PICO model, and the literature search was conducted through PubMed/MEDLINE, Cochrane library, and BioMed Central databases. From the 916 title/abstracts initially identified, seven articles were included in the present systematic review and assessed for quality through the ROBINS-I tool. Reported findings on clinical and crevicular periodontal parameters around natural teeth were contrasting when comparing ex-smokers to current and non-smokers; thus, individualized recommendations for previous smoker periodontal patients are currently lacking. No data on radiographic parameters were retrieved. Similarly, data on periodontal parameters around dental implants were not available, highlighting the need for focused investigations assessing the role of both smoking habit and cessation on peri-implant health status and responsiveness to treatment.
PubMed: 36135157
DOI: 10.3390/dj10090162 -
European Journal of Dentistry Jul 2020Periodontitis affects the teeth supporting structures, such as periodontal tissues. We aimed to evaluate the association between periodontal disease and corticosteroid...
Periodontitis affects the teeth supporting structures, such as periodontal tissues. We aimed to evaluate the association between periodontal disease and corticosteroid use. We searched in MEDLINE, Web of Sciences, SCOPUS, LILACS, and Cochrane databases, using the descriptors "Periodontal diseases" AND ("adrenal cortex hormones" OR "adrenal cortex hormones" OR ("adrenal" AND "cortex" AND "hormones") OR "adrenal cortex hormones" OR "corticosteroid"). We selected the summaries of observational studies, addressing periodontal disease in patients using corticosteroids. The search resulted in 403 articles. After applying the selection criteria, eight studies remained; being two retrospective cohorts and six cross-sectional studies. There are few studies with appropriate methodology to produce sound evidence about the causal relationship between the use of corticosteroids and periodontitis. However, two retrospective cohorts confirmed that chronic corticosteroid use is associated with the incidence of periodontal disease. Dental staff must be aware of this association for better management of periodontal disease therapy in patients using corticosteroids.
PubMed: 32610361
DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1713954