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Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) Aug 2023Monitoring shoulder kinematics, including the scapular segment, is of great relevance in the orthopaedic field. Among wearable systems, magneto-inertial measurement... (Review)
Review
Monitoring shoulder kinematics, including the scapular segment, is of great relevance in the orthopaedic field. Among wearable systems, magneto-inertial measurement units (M-IMUs) represent a valid alternative for applications in unstructured environments. The aim of this systematic literature review is to report and describe the existing methods to estimate 3D scapular movements through wearable systems integrating M-IMUs. A comprehensive search of PubMed, IEEE Xplore, and Web of Science was performed, and results were included up to May 2023. A total of 14 articles was included. The results showed high heterogeneity among studies regarding calibration procedures, tasks executed, and the population. Two different techniques were described, i.e., with the x-axis aligned with the cranial edge of the scapular spine or positioned on the flat surface of the acromion with the x-axis perpendicular to the scapular spine. Sensor placement affected the scapular motion and, also, the kinematic output. Further studies should be conducted to establish a universal protocol that reduces the variability among studies. Establishing a protocol that can be carried out without difficulty or pain by patients with shoulder musculoskeletal disorders could be of great clinical relevance for patients and clinicians to monitor 3D scapular kinematics in unstructured settings or during common clinical practice.
Topics: Humans; Biomechanical Phenomena; Scapula; Shoulder; Shoulder Joint; Range of Motion, Articular; Wearable Electronic Devices
PubMed: 37571723
DOI: 10.3390/s23156940 -
The Iowa Orthopaedic Journal 2011Subacromial impingement is a common disorder mat in some cases results in surgical management. Arthroscopic subacromial bursectomy alone or in combination with... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Subacromial impingement is a common disorder mat in some cases results in surgical management. Arthroscopic subacromial bursectomy alone or in combination with acromioplasty are treatment options when non-operative measures fail.
METHODS
A systematic review of all level-I and level-II studies regarding subacromial bursectomy and acromioplasty for impingement was performed. Medline publications were reviewed for appropriate studies.
RESULTS
A total of six studies that met inclusion criteria were identified. However, only one randomized study was identified that directly compared the treatments in question. Additionally, only one prospective study of subacromial bursectomy was identified. A comparison of similar outcome measures revealed bursectomy alone provided similar results to bursectomy with acromioplasty.
DISCUSSION
Limited high-level studies are available regarding arthroscopic treatment of subacromial impingement. Data available currently suggests that bursectomy alone provides similar outcomes to bursectomy with acromioplasty.
Topics: Acromion; Arthroscopy; Bursa, Synovial; Decompression, Surgical; Evidence-Based Medicine; Humans; Shoulder Impingement Syndrome
PubMed: 22096430
DOI: No ID Found -
The Bone & Joint Journal Jun 2019Acromial fractures following reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA) have a wide range of incidences in reported case series. This study evaluates their incidence following...
AIMS
Acromial fractures following reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA) have a wide range of incidences in reported case series. This study evaluates their incidence following RSA by systematically reviewing the current literature.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A systematic review using the search terms "reverse shoulder", "reverse total shoulder", or "inverted shoulder" was performed using PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane databases between 1 January 2010 and 31 March 2018. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were used. Studies were included if they reported on RSA outcomes and the incidence rate of acromial and/or scapular spine fractures. The rate of these fractures was evaluated for primary RSA, revision RSA, RSA indications, and RSA implant design.
RESULTS
The review included 90 articles out of 686 identified after exclusions. The incidence rate of acromial and/or scapular spine fractures was 2.8% (253/9048 RSAs). The fracture rate was similar for primary and revision RSA (2.8% vs 2.1%; p = 0.4). Acromial fractures were most common after RSA for inflammatory arthritis (10.9%) and massive rotator cuff tears (3.8%). The incidence was lowest in RSA for post-traumatic arthritis (2.1%) and acute proximal humerus fractures (0%). Lateralized glenosphere design had a significantly higher rate of acromial fractures compared with medial glenosphere designs.
CONCLUSION
Based on current English literature, acromial and/or scapular spine fractures occur at a rate of 2.8% after RSA. The incidence is slightly more common after primary compared with revision arthroplasty. Also, higher rates of acromial fractures are reported in RSA performed for inflammatory arthritis and in the lateralized glenoid design. Cite this article: 2019;101-B:627-634.
Topics: Acromion; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Shoulder; Fractures, Bone; Humans; Incidence; Postoperative Complications; Scapula
PubMed: 31154841
DOI: 10.1302/0301-620X.101B6.BJJ-2018-1187.R1 -
The Cochrane Database of Systematic... Jan 2019Surgery for rotator cuff disease is usually used after non-operative interventions have failed, although our Cochrane Review, first published in 2007, found that there... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Surgery for rotator cuff disease is usually used after non-operative interventions have failed, although our Cochrane Review, first published in 2007, found that there was uncertain clinical benefit following subacromial decompression surgery.
OBJECTIVES
To synthesise the available evidence of the benefits and harms of subacromial decompression surgery compared with placebo, no intervention or non-surgical interventions in people with rotator cuff disease (excluding full thickness rotator cuff tears).
SEARCH METHODS
We searched CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase, Clinicaltrials.gov and WHO ICRTP registry from 2006 until 22 October 2018, unrestricted by language.
SELECTION CRITERIA
We included randomised and quasi-randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of adults with rotator cuff disease (excluding full-thickness tears), that compared subacromial decompression surgery with placebo, no treatment, or any other non-surgical interventions. As it is least prone to bias, subacromial decompression compared with placebo was the primary comparison. Other comparisons were subacromial decompression versus exercises or non-operative treatment. Major outcomes were mean pain scores, shoulder function, quality of life, participant global assessment of success, adverse events and serious adverse events. The primary endpoint for this review was one year. For serious adverse events, we also included data from prospective cohort studies designed to record harms that evaluated subacromial decompression surgery or shoulder arthroscopy.
DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
We used standard methodologic procedures expected by Cochrane.
MAIN RESULTS
We included eight trials, with a total of 1062 randomised participants with rotator cuff disease, all with subacromial impingement. Two trials (506 participants) compared arthroscopic subacromial decompression with arthroscopy only (placebo surgery), with all groups receiving postoperative exercises. These trials included a third treatment group: no treatment (active monitoring) in one and exercises in the other. Six trials (556 participants) compared arthroscopic subacromial decompression followed by exercises with exercises alone. Two of these trials included a third arm: sham laser in one and open subacromial decompression in the other.Trial size varied from 42 to 313 participants. Participant mean age ranged between 42 and 65 years. Only two trials reported mean symptom duration (18 to 22 months in one trial and 30 to 31 months in the other), two did not report duration and four reported it categorically.Both placebo-controlled trials were at low risk of bias for the comparison of surgery versus placebo surgery. The other trials were at high risk of bias for several criteria, most notably at risk of performance or detection bias due to lack of participant and personnel blinding. We have restricted the reporting of results of benefits in the Abstract to the placebo-controlled trials.Compared with placebo, high-certainty evidence indicates that subacromial decompression provides no improvement in pain, shoulder function, or health-related quality of life up to one year, and probably no improvement in global success (moderate-certainty evidence, downgraded due to imprecision).At one year, mean pain (on a scale zero to 10, higher scores indicate more pain), was 2.9 points after placebo surgery and 0.26 better (0.84 better to 0.33 worse), after subacromial decompression (284 participants), an absolute difference of 3% (8% better to 3% worse), and relative difference of 4% (12% better to 5% worse). At one year, mean function (on a scale 0 to 100, higher score indicating better outcome), was 69 points after placebo surgery and 2.8 better (1.4 worse to 6.9 better), after surgery (274 participants), an absolute difference of 3% (7% better to 1% worse), and relative difference of 9% (22% better to 4% worse). Global success rate was 97/148 (or 655 per 1000), after placebo and 101/142 (or 708 per 1000) after surgery corresponding to RR 1.08 (95% CI 0.93 to 1.27). Health-related quality of life was 0.73 units (European Quality of Life EQ-5D, -0.59 to 1, higher score indicating better quality of life), after placebo and 0.03 units worse (0.011 units worse to 0.06 units better), after subacromial decompression (285 participants), an absolute difference of 1.3% (5% worse to 2.5% better), and relative difference of 4% (15% worse to 7% better).Adverse events including frozen shoulder or transient minor complications of surgery were reported in approximately 3% of participants across treatment groups in two randomised controlled trials, but due to low event rates we are uncertain if the risks differ between groups: 5/165 (37 per 1000) reported adverse events with subacromial decompression and 9/241 (34 per 1000) with placebo or non-operative treatment, RR 0.91 (95% CI 0.31 to 2.65) (moderate-certainty evidence, downgraded due to imprecision). The trials did not report serious adverse events.Based upon moderate-certainty evidence from two observational trials from the same prospective surgery registry, which also included other shoulder arthroscopic procedures (downgraded for indirectness), the incidence proportion of serious adverse events within 30 days following surgery was 0.5% (0.4% to 0.7%; data collected 2006 to 2011), or 0.6% (0.5 % to 0.7%; data collected 2011 to 2013). Serious adverse events such as deep infection, pulmonary embolism, nerve injury, and death have been observed in participants following shoulder surgery.
AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS
The data in this review do not support the use of subacromial decompression in the treatment of rotator cuff disease manifest as painful shoulder impingement. High-certainty evidence shows that subacromial decompression does not provide clinically important benefits over placebo in pain, function or health-related quality of life. Including results from open-label trials (with high risk of bias) did not change the estimates considerably. Due to imprecision, we downgraded the certainty of the evidence to moderate for global assessment of treatment success; there was probably no clinically important benefit in this outcome either compared with placebo, exercises or non-operative treatment.Adverse event rates were low, 3% or less across treatment groups in the trials, which is consistent with adverse event rates reported in the two observational studies. Although precise estimates are unknown, the risk of serious adverse events is likely less than 1%.
Topics: Acromion; Adult; Aged; Arthroscopy; Decompression, Surgical; Exercise Therapy; Humans; Middle Aged; Postoperative Complications; Quality of Life; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Rotator Cuff; Shoulder Impingement Syndrome; Shoulder Pain
PubMed: 30707445
DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD005619.pub3 -
Clinics in Orthopedic Surgery Dec 2019The purpose of this study was to investigate the incidence of acromial fracture after reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RTSA) and clinical and radiological outcomes...
BACKGROUND
The purpose of this study was to investigate the incidence of acromial fracture after reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RTSA) and clinical and radiological outcomes of treatment of the fracture.
METHODS
A systematic review was performed to identify studies that reported the results of treatment of acromial fractures after RTSA. A literature search was conducted by two investigators using four databases (PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, and Ovid Medline).
RESULTS
Fifteen studies (2,857 shoulders) satisfied our inclusion criteria. The incidence of acromial fracture after RTSA was 4.0% (114 / 2,857). The mean age of the patients at the time of fracture was 72.9 years (range, 51 to 91 years). The mean time from RTSA to diagnosis of acromial fracture was 9.4 months (range, 1 to 94 months). One hundred shoulders (87.7%) were treated conservatively and 14 shoulders (12.3%) were treated surgically. The mean follow-up period after acromial fracture was 33.8 months. The overall union rate was 50.0% (43.8% for conservative treatment and 87.5% for operative treatment). The fracture incidence was significantly different among the medial glenoid and medial humerus prosthesis design (8.4%), the lateral glenoid and medial humerus design (4.0%), and the medial glenoid and lateral humerus design (2.8%). The mean values at final follow-up were as follows: visual analog scale score, 2.2; American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons score, 59.1; Constant score, 59.7; and Simple Shoulder Test, 5.8. The mean forward flexion, abduction, and external rotation were 102.3°, 92.3°, and 25.8°, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS
Acromial fractures after RTSA are a complication neither uncommon nor negligible. In the absence of studies with high-level evidence, there is a controversy on the outcomes after treatment. Further well-designed prospective randomized controlled studies with a long-term follow-up should be performed to ascertain the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of acromial fractures after RTSA.
Topics: Acromion; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Shoulder; Fractures, Bone; Humans; Postoperative Complications
PubMed: 31788166
DOI: 10.4055/cios.2019.11.4.427 -
Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and... Jan 2019This review compares the outcomes and complication rates of three surgical strategies used for the management of symptomatic os acromiale. The purpose of this study was...
BACKGROUND
This review compares the outcomes and complication rates of three surgical strategies used for the management of symptomatic os acromiale. The purpose of this study was to help guide best practice recommendations.
METHODS
A systematic review of nine prospective studies, seven retrospective studies, and three case studies published across ten countries between 1993 and 2018 was performed. Adult patients (i.e., ≥ 18 years of age) with a symptomatic os acromiale that failed nonoperative management were included in this review. Surgical techniques utilized within the included studies include excision, acromioplasty, and open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF). The primary outcomes of interest included patient satisfaction. Range of motion and several standardized outcome measurement tools were also included in the final analysis.
RESULTS
Patient satisfaction was highest in the excision and ORIF groups, with 92% and 82% of patients reporting good to excellent postoperative results, respectively, compared to 63% in the acromioplasty group. All three patient groups experienced improvements in postoperative outcomes (i.e., active range of motion and patient-reported outcome scores). The excision group experienced a complication rate of 1%, while the acromioplasty group experienced a complication rate of 11% and the ORIF group a rate of 67%.
CONCLUSION
This study reports on the largest sample of patients who underwent surgical treatment for a symptomatic os acromiale. We have demonstrated that excision of the os with meticulous repair of the deltoid resulted in the best clinical outcomes with the least complications. In healthy adult patients with a large os fragment and a normal rotator cuff, surgical fixation may provide increased preservation of deltoid function while offering good to excellent patient satisfaction. However, patients must be informed that a second procedure may be required to remove symptomatic hardware.
Topics: Acromion; Arthroscopy; Bone Diseases, Developmental; Humans; Open Fracture Reduction; Postoperative Complications; Prospective Studies; Retrospective Studies; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 30674325
DOI: 10.1186/s13018-018-1041-5