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Frontiers in Psychiatry 2020Cumulative evidence shows a linkage between gut microbiota pattern and depression through the brain-gut microbiome axis. The aim of this systematic review was to...
Cumulative evidence shows a linkage between gut microbiota pattern and depression through the brain-gut microbiome axis. The aim of this systematic review was to identify the alterations of the gut microbiota patterns in people with depression compared to healthy controls. A comprehensive literature search of human studies, published between January 2000 and June 2019, was reviewed. The key words included gastrointestinal microbiome, gut microbiome, microbiota, depression, depressive symptoms, and depressive disorder. The systematic review adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. Nine articles met the eligibility criteria. Disparities in α-diversity and β-diversity of the microbiota existed in people with depression compared to healthy controls. At the phylum level, there were inconsistencies in the abundance of , , . However, high abundance in and phyla were observed in people with depression. On the family level, high abundance of , , , , , , , , , , , , , low abundance of , , , , , , and were observed in people with depression. On the genus level, high abundance of , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , and low abundance of , , , , , , , and were found in people with depression. Alteration of gut microbiome patterns was evident in people with depression. Further evidence is warranted to allow for the translation of microbiome findings toward innovative clinical strategies that may improve treatment outcomes in people with depression.
PubMed: 32587537
DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00541 -
Clinical and Experimental Dental... Dec 2022Diet is one of the main factors influencing the diversity and interactions of the oral microbiota. The purpose of this study is to determine the impact of sugar intake... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVES
Diet is one of the main factors influencing the diversity and interactions of the oral microbiota. The purpose of this study is to determine the impact of sugar intake on the microbial diversity and bacteria that predominate under these conditions.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
A systematic review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guide, using the PubMed, Scopus, and Science Direct databases and combinations of the words "microbiota," "microbiology," "bacteria," "sugars," "dysbiosis," "caries," "microbiome," "oral microbial," and "oral microbiota profile pattern." The selection criteria included year, language, type of publication, comparison of microbiota during low and high sugar intake, and bacterial identification by molecular sequencing of the 16S subunit of ribosomal RNA.
RESULTS
Out of a total of 374 papers that came up after the initial search, 8 met the criteria for this review. The papers included research on populations comprising children, young adults, and adults, with most of the studies reporting selection criteria for the participants and using validated instruments to determine sugar intake. Apart from one study, all others reported for high sugar intake conditions a significant decrease in microbial diversity of the oral microbiome and the predominance of several bacterial genera or species, including Streptococcus, Scardovia, Veillonella, Rothia, Actinomyces, and Lactobacillus.
CONCLUSIONS
Sugar-rich diets have a significantly unfavorable effect on the diversity and balance of oral microbiota; however, further studies are required to determine the exact role of sugar in microbial interactions.
Topics: Child; Young Adult; Humans; Microbiota; Bacteria; Dental Caries; Dysbiosis; Sugars
PubMed: 35946056
DOI: 10.1002/cre2.640 -
Journal of Clinical Medicine Feb 2020are anaerobic, rod-shaped, Gram-positive bacteria. They are associated with persistent extraradicular endodontic infections, with possible involvement of the soft... (Review)
Review
are anaerobic, rod-shaped, Gram-positive bacteria. They are associated with persistent extraradicular endodontic infections, with possible involvement of the soft tissues of the maxillofacial district. Many studies reported conflicting data on the presence of bacteria of the genus in endodontic infections. The aim of this systematic review of the literature was to determine the real prevalence of such bacteria in primary and/or secondary endodontic infections and in cases of persistence with extraradicular involvement. This systematic review was performed according to the PRISMA protocol. A search was carried out through the Scopus and PubMed databases of potentially eligible articles through the use of appropriate keywords. The literature research resulted in preliminary 2240 records which, after the elimination of overlaps and the application of inclusion and exclusion criteria, led to the inclusion of 46 articles focusing on three outcomes (primary outcome: number of teeth with the presence of a persistent extraradicular infection in which the presence of was ascertained; secondary outcome: number of teeth with endodontic infection in which the presence of was assessed; tertiary outcome: difference in the prevalence of bacteria of the genus between primary endodontic infections and secondary endodontic infections). Results of the meta-analysis show how bacteria of the genus are present in primary and secondary intraradicular infections and in those with persistence with a prevalence (ratio between teeth with and teeth with infection) ranging from 0.091 up to 0.130 depending on the subgroups analyzed.
PubMed: 32046071
DOI: 10.3390/jcm9020457 -
Microorganisms May 2020This review aimed to systematically compare microbial profiles of peri-implantitis to those of periodontitis and healthy implants. Therefore, an electronic search in... (Review)
Review
This review aimed to systematically compare microbial profiles of peri-implantitis to those of periodontitis and healthy implants. Therefore, an electronic search in five databases was conducted. For inclusion, studies assessing the microbiome of peri-implantitis in otherwise healthy patients were considered. Literature was assessed for consistent evidence of exclusive or predominant peri-implantitis microbiota. Of 158 potentially eligible articles, data of 64 studies on 3730 samples from peri-implant sites were included in this study. Different assessment methods were described in the studies, namely bacterial culture, PCR-based assessment, hybridization techniques, pyrosequencing, and transcriptomic analyses. After analysis of 13 selected culture-dependent studies, no microbial species were found to be specific for peri-implantitis. After assessment of 28 studies using PCR-based methods and a meta-analysis on 19 studies, a higher prevalence of and (log-odds ratio 4.04 and 2.28, respectively) was detected in peri-implantitis biofilms compared with healthy implants. spp., spp. and spp. were found in all five pyrosequencing studies in healthy-, periodontitis-, and peri-implantitis samples. In conclusion, the body of evidence does not show a consistent specific profile. Future studies should focus on the assessment of sites with different diagnosis for the same patient, and investigate the complex host-biofilm interaction.
PubMed: 32369987
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8050661 -
Archives of Oral Biology Apr 2021The aim of this study was to systematically review the literature on prevalence of microorganisms and their viability/activity in endodontic periapical lesions. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
AIMS
The aim of this study was to systematically review the literature on prevalence of microorganisms and their viability/activity in endodontic periapical lesions.
DESIGN
Literature research was performed on five electronic biomedical databases from their start dates to June 2020. Only studies evaluating the presence of microorganisms in periapical lesions in human permanent teeth with secondary/persistent infection were included. Two reviewers independently assessed the eligibility for inclusion, extracted data and evaluated the risk of bias. Meta-analysis and binominal tests were used to analyse the resulting data.
RESULTS
From the 1,313 records found, 23 full-texts were included for qualitative and quantitative analysis. The prevalence of microorganisms in endodontic periapical lesions was 87 % (95 % CI, 75-94) and the prevalence of viable/active microorganisms was 82 % (95 % CI, 66-91). There were statistical differences in the geographic area subgroup and between viable bacteria and active viruses. The most common detection method of microorganisms was the molecular one (69 %), and the most prevalent bacteria were the species Actinomyces, Fusobacterium and Prevotella (40 %). Most of the included studies had moderate risk of bias.
CONCLUSIONS
The prevalence of microorganisms in endodontic periapical lesions was 87 % and the prevalence of viable/active microorganisms was 82 %.
Topics: Fusobacterium; Humans; Prevalence; Root Canal Therapy
PubMed: 33588190
DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2021.105055 -
Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases Apr 2021Hepatic Actinomycosis (HA) is one of the infections that causes disorders in patients when diagnosed untimely and inappropriately. (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Hepatic Actinomycosis (HA) is one of the infections that causes disorders in patients when diagnosed untimely and inappropriately.
METHODS
Case reports on HA in patients published between 2000 and April 2020 were gathered by carrying out a structured search through PubMed/Medline.
RESULTS
Through a survey of the Medline database, 130 studies were identified and then, 64 cases with HA were included in the final analysis. Asia had the largest share of cases with 37.5% (24 reports), followed by Europe and the Americas. Affected patients were predominantly males (64%) and the overall mortality rate was 1% with only one male patient in his 50 s dying. Nearly all patients (92%) were immunocompetent. However, in four patients, the use of immunosuppressive medication led to depression of the immune system. Most of the patients (80%) experienced complications. In terms of the complications, the most frequent ones were previous history of abdominal surgery (32%) and foreign bodies in the abdominopelvic region (20%). Actinomyces israelii was the most common pathogen isolated from patients. Abdominal pain (66%), fever (62%), weight loss (48%), night sweat, malaise, and anorexia (14%) over about 3.1 months were the most frequently reported clinical symptoms. Extension to one or more surrounding organs was evident in 18 patients (28%). Histopathologic examination confirmed infection in 67% of the patients and samples obtained from liver puncture biopsy (32%) were most frequently used in diagnosis. Surgery or puncture drainage + anti-infection was the most common method to treat patients and penicillin, Amoxicillin, Doxycycline, and ampicillin were the most frequently used drugs to control infection.
CONCLUSION
HA should be considered in patients with a subacute or chronic inflammatory process of the liver. With accurate and timely diagnosis of infection, extensive surgery can be prevented.
Topics: Actinomyces; Actinomycosis; Asia; Europe; Humans; Male
PubMed: 33931097
DOI: 10.1186/s13023-021-01821-5 -
PloS One 2014To date, there is no compilation of evidence-based information associating bacteremia and periodontal procedures. This systematic review aims to assess magnitude,... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
To date, there is no compilation of evidence-based information associating bacteremia and periodontal procedures. This systematic review aims to assess magnitude, duration, prevalence and nature of bacteremia caused by periodontal procedures.
STUDY DESIGN
Systematic Review.
TYPES OF STUDIES REVIEWED
MEDLINE, EMBASE and LILACS databases were searched in duplicate through August, 2013 without language restriction. Observational studies were included if blood samples were collected before, during or after periodontal procedures of patients with periodontitis. The methodological quality was assessed in duplicate using the modified Newcastle-Ottawa scale (NOS).
RESULTS
Search strategy identified 509 potentially eligible articles and nine were included. Only four studies demonstrated high methodological quality, whereas five were of medium or low methodological quality. The study characteristics were considered too heterogeneous to conduct a meta-analysis. Among 219 analyzed patients, 106 (49.4%) had positive bacteremia. More frequent bacteria were S. viridans, A. actinomycetemcomitans P. gingivalis, M. micros and species Streptococcus and Actinomyces, although identification methods of microbiologic assays were different among studies.
CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS
Although half of the patients presented positive bacteremia after periodontal procedures, accurate results regarding the magnitude, duration and nature of bacteremia could not be confidentially assessed.
Topics: Bacteremia; Dental Prophylaxis; Humans; Observational Studies as Topic; Periodontal Diseases; Prevalence; Research Design
PubMed: 24870125
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0098271 -
Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases Jun 2023CNS actinomycosis is a rare chronic suppurative infection with non-specific clinical features. Diagnosis is difficult due to its similarity to malignancy, nocardiosis... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
CNS actinomycosis is a rare chronic suppurative infection with non-specific clinical features. Diagnosis is difficult due to its similarity to malignancy, nocardiosis and other granulomatous diseases. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the epidemiology, clinical characteristics, diagnostic modalities and treatment outcomes in CNS actinomycosis.
METHODS
The major electronic databases (PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus) were searched for the literature review by using distinct keywords: "CNS" or "intracranial" or "brain abscess" or "meningitis" OR "spinal" OR "epidural abscess" and "actinomycosis." All cases with CNS actinomycosis reported between January 1988 to March 2022 were included.
RESULTS
A total of 118 cases of CNS disease were included in the final analysis. The mean age of patients was 44 years, and a significant proportion was male (57%). Actinomycosis israelii was the most prevalent species (41.5%), followed by Actinomyces meyeri (22.6%). Disseminated disease was found in 19.5% of cases. Most commonly involved extra-CNS organs are lung (10.2%) and abdomen (5.1%). Brain abscess (55%) followed by leptomeningeal enhancement (22%) were the most common neuroimaging findings. Culture positivity was found in nearly half of the cases (53.4%). The overall case-fatality rate was 11%. Neurological sequelae were present in 22% of the patients. On multivariate analysis, patients who underwent surgery with antimicrobials had better survival (adjusted OR 0.14, 95% CI 0.04-0.28, p value 0.039) compared to those treated with antimicrobials alone.
CONCLUSION
CNS actinomycosis carries significant morbidity and mortality despite its indolent nature. Early aggressive surgery, along with prolonged antimicrobial treatment is vital to improve outcomes.
Topics: Humans; Male; Adult; Abscess; Actinomycosis; Central Nervous System Diseases; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 37269006
DOI: 10.1186/s13023-023-02744-z -
British Journal of Cancer May 2022Substantial evidence indicates that dysbiosis of the gut microbial community is associated with colorectal neoplasia. This review aims to systematically summarise the...
BACKGROUND
Substantial evidence indicates that dysbiosis of the gut microbial community is associated with colorectal neoplasia. This review aims to systematically summarise the microbial markers associated with colorectal neoplasia and to assess their predictive performance.
METHODS
A comprehensive literature search of MEDLINE and EMBASE databases was performed to identify eligible studies. Observational studies exploring the associations between microbial biomarkers and colorectal neoplasia were included. We also included prediction studies that constructed models using microbial markers to predict CRC and adenomas. Risk of bias for included observational and prediction studies was assessed.
RESULTS
Forty-five studies were included to assess the associations between microbial markers and colorectal neoplasia. Nine faecal microbiotas (i.e., Fusobacterium, Enterococcus, Porphyromonas, Salmonella, Pseudomonas, Peptostreptococcus, Actinomyces, Bifidobacterium and Roseburia), two oral pathogens (i.e., Treponema denticola and Prevotella intermedia) and serum antibody levels response to Streptococcus gallolyticus subspecies gallolyticus were found to be consistently associated with colorectal neoplasia. Thirty studies reported prediction models using microbial markers, and 83.3% of these models had acceptable-to-good discrimination (AUROC > 0.75). The results of predictive performance were promising, but most of the studies were limited to small number of cases (range: 9-485 cases) and lack of independent external validation (76.7%).
CONCLUSIONS
This review provides insight into the evidence supporting the association between different types of microbial species and their predictive value for colorectal neoplasia. Prediction models developed from case-control studies require further external validation in high-quality prospective studies. Further studies should assess the feasibility and impact of incorporating microbial biomarkers in CRC screening programme.
Topics: Adenoma; Biomarkers; Colorectal Neoplasms; Dysbiosis; Humans; Prospective Studies
PubMed: 35292756
DOI: 10.1038/s41416-022-01740-7 -
Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) Jul 2019: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by impaired communication, social interaction disorder, and repetitive behavior.... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by impaired communication, social interaction disorder, and repetitive behavior. Dysbiotic gut microbiota (GM) could be a contributing factor to the appearance of ASD, as gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms are comorbidities frequently reported in ASD. As there is a lack of reviews about the role played by GM in the GI symptoms of ASD, this work aimed to carry out a systematic review of current studies comparing the GM of children with ASD and GI symptoms with those of healthy controls in the last six years. The systematic review was performed following the PRISMA guidelines. The databases chosen were Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, and PsycINFO, and the keywords were (gut* OR intestine* OR bowel* OR gastrointestinal*) AND (microbiota* OR microflora* OR bacteria* OR microbiome* OR flora* OR bacterial* OR bacteria* OR microorganism* OR feces* OR stool*) AND (autistic* OR autism* OR ASD*). : A total of 16 articles were included. Ten articles performed correlations analysis between GI symptoms and ASD. Among those 10 articles, 7 found differences between the GI symptoms present in children with ASD and healthy controls. The most common GI symptom was constipation. Among the seven articles that found differences, three performed correlations analysis between GI symptoms and gut microbe abundance. , , , and showed higher and lower abundance, respectively, in children with ASD and GI symptoms in more than one article. , , , , , , and / ratios showed abundance discrepancies. : It is still too early to draw a conclusion about the gut microbes involved in GI symptoms of ASD. Future research should consider the relationship between ASD behavior, GM, and GI symptoms in a multidisciplinary way and homogenize sample characteristics.
Topics: Autism Spectrum Disorder; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Gastrointestinal Tract; Humans; Syndrome
PubMed: 31357482
DOI: 10.3390/medicina55080408