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International Journal of Infectious... Sep 2023To assess the evidence on the presence of antibodies cross-reactive with SARS-CoV-2 antigens in prepandemic samples from African populations. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
OBJECTIVES
To assess the evidence on the presence of antibodies cross-reactive with SARS-CoV-2 antigens in prepandemic samples from African populations.
METHODS
We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies evaluating prepandemic African samples using pre-set assay-specific thresholds for SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity.
RESULTS
In total, 26 articles with 156 datasets were eligible, including 3437 positives among 29,923 measurements (11.5%) with large between-dataset heterogeneity. Positivity was similar for anti-nucleocapsid (14%) and anti-spike antibodies (11%), higher for anti-spike1 (23%), and lower for anti-receptor-binding domain antibodies (7%). Positivity was similar, on average, for immunoglobulin M and immunoglobulin G. Positivity was seen prominently in countries where malaria transmission occurs throughout and in datasets enriched in malaria cases (14%, 95% confidence interval, 12-15% vs 2%, 95% confidence interval 1-2% in other datasets). Substantial SARS-CoV-2 reactivity was seen in high malaria burden with or without high dengue burden (14% and 12%, respectively), and not without high malaria burden (2% and 0%, respectively). Lower SARS-CoV-2 cross-reactivity was seen in settings of high HIV seroprevalence. More sparse individual-level data showed associations of higher SARS-CoV-2 cross-reactivity with Plasmodium parasitemia and lower SARS-CoV-2 cross-reactivity with HIV seropositivity.
CONCLUSION
Prepandemic samples from Africa show high levels of anti-SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity. At the country level, cross-reactivity tracks especially with malaria prevalence.
Topics: Humans; Immunity, Humoral; Seroepidemiologic Studies; COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; Africa; Immunoglobulin G; Antibodies, Viral
PubMed: 37327857
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2023.06.009 -
International Journal of Molecular... Nov 2022Melanoma is the most aggressive form of skin cancer, characterized by life-threatening and rapidly spreading progression. Traditional targeted therapy can alleviate... (Review)
Review
Melanoma is the most aggressive form of skin cancer, characterized by life-threatening and rapidly spreading progression. Traditional targeted therapy can alleviate tumors by inactivating hyperactive kinases such as BRAF or MEK but inevitably encounters drug resistance. The advent of immunotherapy has revolutionized melanoma treatment and significantly improved the prognosis of melanoma patients. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are intricately involved in innate and adaptive immunity and are implicated in melanoma immunotherapy. This systematic review describes the roles of miRNAs in regulating the functions of immune cells in skin and melanoma, as well as the involvement of miRNAs in pharmacology including the effect, resistance and immune-related adverse events of checkpoint inhibitors such as PD-1 and CTLA-4 inhibitors, which are used for treating cutaneous, uveal and mucosal melanoma. The expressions and functions of miRNAs in immunotherapy employing tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and Toll-like receptor 9 agonists are also discussed. The prospect of innovative therapeutic strategies such as the combined administration of miRNAs and immune checkpoint inhibitors and the nanotechnology-based delivery of miRNAs are also provided. A comprehensive understanding of the interplay between miRNAs and immunotherapy is crucial for the discovery of reliable biomarkers and for the development of novel miRNA-based therapeutics against melanoma.
Topics: Humans; MicroRNAs; Melanoma; Immunotherapy; Skin Neoplasms; Combined Modality Therapy
PubMed: 36499102
DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314775 -
Molecular Psychiatry Mar 2023Meta-analyses implicate immune dysfunction in depression confirming increased levels of circulating immune proteins (e.g., cytokines) in depression cases compared to... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
INTRODUCTION
Meta-analyses implicate immune dysfunction in depression confirming increased levels of circulating immune proteins (e.g., cytokines) in depression cases compared to controls. White blood cells (WBC) both produce and are influenced by cytokines, and play key roles in orchestrating innate and adaptive immune responses, but their role in depression remains unclear. Therefore, a systematic review of studies of various WBC subsets in depression is required for a greater understanding of the nature of immune dysfunction in this illness.
METHODS
We searched PubMed and PsycINFO databases (inception to 5 April 2022) and conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of identified studies comparing absolute count and/or relative percentage of flow cytometry-derived WBC subsets between depression cases and controls. Selected studies were quality assessed. Random-effect meta-analysis was performed.
RESULTS
Thirty-three studies were included and 27 studies (n = 2277) were meta-analysed. We report an increase in mean absolute counts of WBC (seven studies; standardised mean difference [SMD] = 1.07; 95% CI, 0.61-1.53; P < 0.01; I = 64%), granulocytes (two studies; SMD = 2.07; 95% CI, 1.45-2.68; P < 0.01; I = 0%), neutrophils (four studies; SMD = 0.91; 95% CI, 0.23-1.58; P < 0.01; I = 82%), monocytes (seven studies; SMD = 0.60; 95% CI, 0.19-1.01; P < 0.01; I = 66%), CD4 helper T cells (11 studies; SMD = 0.30; 95% CI, 0.15-0.45; P < 0.01; I = 0%), natural killer cells (11 studies; SMD = 1.23; 95% CI, 0.38-2.08; P < 0.01; I = 95%), B cells (10 studies; SMD = 0.30; 95% CI, 0.03-0.57; P = 0.03; I = 56%), and activated T cells (eight studies; SMD = 0.45; 95% CI, 0.24-0.66; P < 0.01; I = 0%) in depression, compared to controls. Fewer studies reported relative percentage, indicating increased neutrophils and decreased total lymphocytes, Th1, and Th2 cells in depression.
CONCLUSIONS
Depression is characterised by widespread alterations in circulating myeloid and lymphoid cells, consistent with dysfunction in both innate and adaptive immunity. Immune cells could be useful biomarkers for illness subtyping and patient stratification in future immunotherapy trials of depression, along with cytokines, other biomarkers, and clinical measures.
Topics: Humans; Depression; Biomarkers
PubMed: 36577838
DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01919-7 -
Cancers Jun 2023Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer worldwide. The main treatment options are laparoscopic (LS) and open surgery (OS), which might differ in their... (Review)
Review
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer worldwide. The main treatment options are laparoscopic (LS) and open surgery (OS), which might differ in their impact on the cellular immunity so indispensable for anti-infectious and antitumor defense. MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science (SCI-EXPANDED), the Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, ClinicalTrials.gov, and ICTRP (WHO) were systematically searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing cellular immunity in CRC patients of any stage between minimally invasive and open surgical resections. A random effects-weighted inverse variance meta-analysis was performed for cell counts of natural killer (NK) cells, white blood cells (WBCs), lymphocytes, CD4+ T cells, and the CD4+/CD8+ ratio. The RoB2 tool was used to assess the risk of bias. The meta-analysis was prospectively registered in PROSPERO (CRD42021264324). A total of 14 trials including 974 participants were assessed. The LS groups showed more favorable outcomes in eight trials, with lower inflammation and less immunosuppression as indicated by higher innate and adaptive cell counts, higher NK cell activity, and higher HLA-DR expression rates compared to OS, with only one study reporting lower WBCs after OS. The meta-analysis yielded significantly higher NK cell counts at postoperative day (POD)4 (weighted mean difference (WMD) 30.80 cells/µL [19.68; 41.92], 0.00001) and POD6-8 (WMD 45.08 cells/µL [35.95; 54.21], 0.00001). Although further research is required, LS is possibly associated with less suppression of cellular immunity and lower inflammation, indicating better preservation of cellular immunity.
PubMed: 37444491
DOI: 10.3390/cancers15133381 -
The Journal of Infectious Diseases May 2016Studies have been mixed on whether naturally acquired human papillomavirus (HPV) antibodies may protect against subsequent HPV infection. We performed a systematic... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Studies have been mixed on whether naturally acquired human papillomavirus (HPV) antibodies may protect against subsequent HPV infection. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess whether naturally acquired HPV antibodies protect against subsequent genital HPV infection (ie, natural immunity).
METHODS
We searched the MEDLINE and EMBASE databases for studies examining natural HPV immunity against subsequent genital type-specific HPV infection in female and male subjects. We used random-effects models to derive pooled relative risk (RR) estimates for each HPV type.
RESULTS
We identified 14 eligible studies that included >24,000 individuals from 18 countries that examined HPV natural immunity. We observed significant protection against subsequent infection in female subjects with HPV-16 (pooled RR, 0.65; 95% confidence interval, .50-.80) and HPV-18 (0.70; .43-.98) but not in male subjects (HPV-16: 1.22; .67-1.77 [P= .05 (test for heterogeneity)]; HPV-18: 1.50; .46-2.55; [P= .15]). We also observed type-specific protection against subsequent infection for a combined measure of HPV-6/11/31/33/35/45/52/58 in female subjects (pooled RR, 0.75; 95% confidence interval, .57-.92). Natural immunity was also evident in female subjects when analyses were restricted to studies that used neutralizing assays, used HPV persistence as an outcome, or reported adjusted analyses (each P< .05).
CONCLUSIONS
HPV antibodies acquired through natural infection provide modest protection against subsequent cervical HPV infection in female subjects.
Topics: Adaptive Immunity; Adolescent; Adult; Antibodies, Viral; Female; Human papillomavirus 16; Human papillomavirus 18; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Papillomavirus Infections; Young Adult
PubMed: 26690341
DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiv753 -
Life (Basel, Switzerland) Aug 2021Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is an autoimmune disease characterized by autoreactive B and T cells against β2-glycoprotein I (B2GPI), with vascular thrombosis or... (Review)
Review
Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is an autoimmune disease characterized by autoreactive B and T cells against β2-glycoprotein I (B2GPI), with vascular thrombosis or obstetrical complications. Dendritic cells (DCs) are crucial in the generation of autoimmunity. Here, we conducted a comprehensive systematic review on the relationship between DC and APS. We performed a literature search of PubMed as of 26 March 2021. A total of 33 articles were extracted. DCs are pivotal in inducing inflammatory responses and orchestrating adaptive immunity. DCs contribute to the local inflammation regarding vascular thrombosis or obstetrical complications. Both B2GPI and antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) can promote antigen presentation by DCs and the generation or maintenance of autoimmunity. In addition, plasmacytoid DC activation is enhanced by aPL, thereby augmenting the inflammatory response. In line with these findings, DC modulation appears promising as a future treatment for APS. In conclusion, our review indicated the crucial role of DCs in the pathogenesis of APS. Deeper understanding of the complex relationship would help in developing new treatment strategies.
PubMed: 34440545
DOI: 10.3390/life11080801 -
International Journal of Molecular... Jul 2023Inflammatory mechanisms are increasingly recognized as important contributors to the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, including Lewy body dementia (LBD). Our... (Review)
Review
Inflammatory mechanisms are increasingly recognized as important contributors to the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, including Lewy body dementia (LBD). Our objectives were to, firstly, review inflammation investigation methods in LBD (dementia with Lewy bodies and Parkinson's disease dementia) and, secondly, identify alterations in inflammatory signals in LBD compared to people without neurodegenerative disease and other neurodegenerative diseases. A systematic scoping review was performed by searching major electronic databases (MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, and PSYCHInfo) to identify relevant human studies. Of the 2509 results screened, 80 studies were included. Thirty-six studies analyzed postmortem brain tissue, and 44 investigated living subjects with cerebrospinal fluid, blood, and/or brain imaging assessments. Largely cross-sectional data were available, although two longitudinal clinical studies investigated prodromal Lewy body disease. Investigations were focused on inflammatory immune cell activity (microglia, astrocytes, and lymphocytes) and inflammatory molecules (cytokines, etc.). Results of the included studies identified innate and adaptive immune system contributions to inflammation associated with Lewy body pathology and clinical disease features. Different signals in early and late-stage disease, with possible late immune senescence and dystrophic glial cell populations, were identified. The strength of these associations is limited by the varying methodologies, small study sizes, and cross-sectional nature of the data. Longitudinal studies investigating associations with clinical and other biomarker outcomes are needed to improve understanding of inflammatory activity over the course of LBD. This could identify markers of disease activity and support therapeutic development.
Topics: Humans; Lewy Body Disease; Dementia; Neurodegenerative Diseases; Cross-Sectional Studies; Parkinson Disease; Inflammation; alpha-Synuclein
PubMed: 37569491
DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512116 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2019Despite the large number of performed studies, the etiology and pathogenesis of sarcoidosis still remain unknown. Most researchers allude to the possible autoimmune or...
Despite the large number of performed studies, the etiology and pathogenesis of sarcoidosis still remain unknown. Most researchers allude to the possible autoimmune or immune-mediated genesis of the disease. This review attempts an integral analysis of currently available information suggesting an autoimmune genesis of sarcoidosis and is divided into four categories: the evaluation of clinical signs described both in patients with sarcoidosis and "classic" autoimmune diseases, the role of triggering factors in the development of sarcoidosis, the presence of immunogenic susceptibility in the development of the disease, and the analysis of cellular and humoral immune responses in sarcoidosis. Studying the etiology and pathogenesis of sarcoidosis will improve diagnostic procedures as well as the prognosis and patients' quality of life.
Topics: Animals; Autoimmune Diseases; Humans; Immunity, Cellular; Immunity, Humoral; Sarcoidosis
PubMed: 31969879
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02933 -
Journal of Comparative Effectiveness... Mar 2017Dengue virus (DENV) is a serious global health problem. CYD-TDC (Dengvaxia) was the first vaccine to gain regulatory approval to try and address this problem. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
INTRODUCTION
Dengue virus (DENV) is a serious global health problem. CYD-TDC (Dengvaxia) was the first vaccine to gain regulatory approval to try and address this problem.
AIM
Summarize all available evidence on the immunogenicity, efficacy and safety of the CYD-TDV dengue vaccine.
METHOD
Meta-analysis and systematic review.
RESULTS
The best and worst immunogenicity results were for DENV4 and DENV1, respectively. Vaccine efficacy of 60% was derived from studies with participants aged 2-16 years old, with DENV4 and DENV2 presenting the best and worst results, respectively. Erythema and swelling were more frequent with CYD-TDV. No differences were detected for systemic adverse events.
CONCLUSION
CYD-TDV showed moderate efficacy in children and adolescents. From the immunogenicity results in adults, we can expect satisfactory efficacy from vaccination in this population.
Topics: Adaptive Immunity; Adolescent; Child; Child, Preschool; Dengue; Dengue Vaccines; Female; Humans; Immunogenicity, Vaccine; Male; Patient Safety; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 28084784
DOI: 10.2217/cer-2016-0045 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2023is a Gram-negative oral anaerobic bacterium that plays a key role in the pathogenesis of periodontitis. expresses a variety of virulence factors that disrupt innate... (Review)
Review
is a Gram-negative oral anaerobic bacterium that plays a key role in the pathogenesis of periodontitis. expresses a variety of virulence factors that disrupt innate and adaptive immunity, allowing to survive and multiply in the host and destroy periodontal tissue. In addition to periodontal disease, is also associated with systemic diseases, of which insulin resistance is an important pathological basis. causes a systemic inflammatory response, disrupts insulin signaling pathways, induces pancreatic β-cell hypofunction and reduced numbers, and causes decreased insulin sensitivity leading to insulin resistance (IR). In this paper, we systematically review the studies on the mechanism of insulin resistance induced by , discuss the association between and systemic diseases based on insulin resistance, and finally propose relevant therapeutic approaches. Overall, through a systematic review of the mechanisms related to systemic diseases caused by through insulin resistance, we hope to provide new insights for future basic research and clinical interventions for related systemic diseases.
Topics: Humans; Porphyromonas gingivalis; Insulin Resistance; Base Composition; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Phylogeny; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Insulin
PubMed: 37520442
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1209381