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Acta Obstetricia Et Gynecologica... May 2022Several studies have reported on the maternal age-associated risks of congenital anomalies. However, there is a paucity of studies with comprehensive review of... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
INTRODUCTION
Several studies have reported on the maternal age-associated risks of congenital anomalies. However, there is a paucity of studies with comprehensive review of anomalies. We aimed to quantify the risk of birth defects in children born to middle-aged mothers compared with that in children born to young or older mothers.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
We classified maternal ages into three groups: young (<20 years old), middle (20-34 years old) and older age (≥35 years old). Observational studies that met our age criteria were eligible for inclusion. The articles searched using the Embase and MEDLINE databases were those published from 1989 to January 21, 2021. The Newcastle-Ottawa scale was used to assess the risk of bias. If heterogeneity exceeded 50%, the random effect method was used; otherwise, the fixed-effect method was used. Prospero registration number: CRD42021235229.
RESULTS
We included 15 cohort, 14 case-control and 36 cross-sectional studies. The pooled unadjusted odds ratio (95% CI) of any congenital anomaly was 1.64 (1.40-1.92) and 1.05 (0.95-1.15) in the older and young age groups, respectively (very low quality of evidence). The pooled unadjusted odds ratio of chromosomal anomaly was 5.64 (5.13-6.20) and 0.69 (0.54-0.88) in the older and young age groups, respectively. The pooled unadjusted odds ratio of non-chromosomal anomaly was 1.09 (1.01-1.17) and 1.10 (1.01-1.21) in the older and young age groups, respectively (very low quality of evidence). The incidence of abdominal wall defects was increased in children of women in the young maternal age group.
CONCLUSIONS
We identified that very low quality evidence suggests that women in the older maternal age group had increased odds of having children with congenital anomalies compared with those in the 20-34 year age group. There was no increase in odds of children with congenital anomalies in women of <20 year age group except for abdominal defects compared with those in the 20-34 year age group. The results stem from very low quality evidence with no adjustment of confounders.
Topics: Adult; Case-Control Studies; Child; Cohort Studies; Congenital Abnormalities; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Humans; Maternal Age; Middle Aged; Parturition; Pregnancy; Young Adult
PubMed: 35288928
DOI: 10.1111/aogs.14339 -
Early Intervention in Psychiatry Dec 2017The aim of this study was to analyse the effect of age at onset on the long-term clinical, social and global outcomes of schizophrenia through a systematic review and a... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
The aim of this study was to analyse the effect of age at onset on the long-term clinical, social and global outcomes of schizophrenia through a systematic review and a meta-analysis. Original studies were searched from Web of Science, PsycINFO, Pubmed and Scopus, as well as manually. Naturalistic studies with at least a 2-year follow-up were included. Of the 3509 search results, 81 articles fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The meta-analysis was performed in Stata as a random-effect analysis with correlation coefficients between age at onset and the outcomes (categorized into remission, relapse, hospitalization, positive symptoms, negative symptoms, total symptoms, general clinical outcome, employment, social/occupational functioning and global outcome). There was a statistically significant (P < .05) correlation between younger age at onset and more hospitalizations (number of studies, n = 9; correlation, r = 0.17; 95% confidence interval, CI 0.09-0.25), more negative symptoms (n = 7; r = 0.14; 95% CI 0.01-0.27), more relapses (n = 3; r = 0.11; 95% CI 0.02-0.20), poorer social/occupational functioning (n = 12; r = 0.15; 95% CI 0.05-0.25) and poorer global outcome (n = 13; r = 0.14; 95% CI 0.07-0.22). Other relationships were not significant. This was the first systematic review of the effects of age at onset on the long-term outcomes of schizophrenia. The results show that age at onset has a small, but significant impact on some of the outcomes of schizophrenia.
Topics: Age of Onset; Humans; Outcome Assessment, Health Care; Schizophrenia
PubMed: 28449199
DOI: 10.1111/eip.12412 -
Clinical Cardiology May 2018Carotid artery intima-medial thickness (cIMT) represents a popular measure of atherosclerosis and is predictive of future cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events.... (Review)
Review
Carotid artery intima-medial thickness (cIMT) represents a popular measure of atherosclerosis and is predictive of future cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events. Although older age is associated with a higher cIMT, little is known about whether this increase in cIMT follows a linear relationship with age or it is affected under influence of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) or CVD risk factors. We hypothesize that the relationship between cIMT and age is nonlinear and is affected by CVD or risk factors. A systematic review of studies that examined cIMT in the general population and human populations free from CVD/risk factors was undertaken. The literature search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. Seventeen studies with 32 unique study populations, involving 10,124 healthy individuals free from CVD risk factors, were included. Furthermore, 58 studies with 115 unique study populations were included, involving 65,774 individuals from the general population (with and without CVD risk factors). A strong positive association was evident between age and cIMT in the healthy population, demonstrating a gradual, linear increase in cIMT that did not differ between age decades (r = 0.91, P < 0.001). Although populations with individuals with CVD demonstrated a higher cIMT compared to populations free of CVD, a linear relation between age and cIMT was also present in this population. Our data suggest that cIMT is strongly and linearly related to age. This linear relationship was not affected by CVD or risk factors.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Carotid Artery Diseases; Carotid Intima-Media Thickness; Humans; Linear Models; Middle Aged; Nonlinear Dynamics; Predictive Value of Tests; Prognosis; Risk Factors; Young Adult
PubMed: 29752816
DOI: 10.1002/clc.22934 -
Imaging Science in Dentistry Jun 2023This systematic review aimed to investigate the correlation between chronological age and dental pulp volume in cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). (Review)
Review
PURPOSE
This systematic review aimed to investigate the correlation between chronological age and dental pulp volume in cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The literature was searched in 4 databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar). Within each study, the outcome of interest was the correlation (r) between chronological age and pulp volume. A random-effect meta-analysis was conducted. Subgroup analysis was carried out according to sex and tooth type.
RESULTS
Of 5693 identified studies, 27 fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were selected for meta-analysis. These articles focused on single-rooted teeth (n=21), multi-rooted teeth (n=6), maxillary teeth (n=14), mandibular teeth (n=6), and maxillary and mandibular teeth (n=12). The relationship between chronological age and dental pulp volume was examined in the entire population (r=-0.67), men (r=-0.75), and women (r=-0.77) in single- and multi-rooted teeth. The results of the total population analysis showed a relatively strong negative relationship between age and pulp volume.
CONCLUSION
This study suggested that CBCT is a reliable and repeatable tool for dental age estimation. A strong inverse relationship was observed between pulp chamber volume and age. Further studies on the correlation between chronological age and pulp volume of multi-rooted teeth may be beneficial.
PubMed: 37405204
DOI: 10.5624/isd.20221226 -
The Journal of Infectious Diseases Nov 2023There is no immunization campaign that currently exist for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). Seroprevalence studies are critical for assessing epidemiological dynamics...
BACKGROUND
There is no immunization campaign that currently exist for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). Seroprevalence studies are critical for assessing epidemiological dynamics before and during an immunization program. A systematic literature review was conducted to summarize the evidence from seroprevalence studies on RSV.
METHODS
A systematic search of age-dependent RSV seroprevalence was conducted using the PubMed database and EMBASE. Age-dependent force of infections (FoI) and the decay rate of immunity were estimated. A mixture finite model was used, estimating the age-dependent disease state and the antibody concentrations in susceptible and infected or recovered populations.
RESULTS
Twenty-one studies were identified from 15 countries, with studies using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay being the most represented. Using a catalytic model, the age-dependent force of infection was estimated to be the lowest in infants aged 6 months to 1 year and increased in older age groups. The proportion ever-infected/recovered was estimated to be above 90% by 3 years of age.
CONCLUSIONS
The number of seroprevalence studies covering a broad range of ages are limited. The age-dependent FoI indicated that the risk of infection was greatest among those aged >5 years. Additional data using valid assays are required to describe the transmission dynamics of RSV infection.
Topics: Infant; Humans; Aged; Child, Preschool; Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections; Seroepidemiologic Studies; Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Human; Antibodies, Viral; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
PubMed: 37161934
DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiad147 -
BMJ Open Oct 2016Nursing home residents (NHRs) are frequently suffering from multimorbidity, functional and cognitive impairment, often leading to hospital admissions. Studies have found... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVES
Nursing home residents (NHRs) are frequently suffering from multimorbidity, functional and cognitive impairment, often leading to hospital admissions. Studies have found that male NHRs are more often hospitalised. The influence of age is inconclusive. We aimed to investigate the epidemiology of hospitalisations in NHRs, particularly focusing on age-specific and sex-specific differences.
DESIGN
A systematic review was performed in PubMed, CINAHL and Scopus. Quality of studies was assessed.
SETTING
Studies conducted in nursing homes were included.
PARTICIPANTS
Nursing home residents.
PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOMES
Outcome measures were the prevalence, incidence or duration of all-cause hospitalisation by age or sex.
RESULTS
We identified 21 studies, 13 were conducted in the USA. The proportion of residents being hospitalised ranged across studies from 6.8% to 45.7% for various time periods of follow-up. A total of 20 studies assessed the influence of sex and found that hospitalisations are more often in male NHRs. A total of 16 studies conducted multivariate analyses and the OR of hospitalisation for males was between 1.22 and 1.67. Overall, 18 studies assessed the influence of age. Some studies showed an increasing proportion of admissions with increasing age, but several studies also found decreasing hospitalisations above the age of about 80-85 years. 8 of 13 studies conducting multivariate analyses included age as a continuous variable. Only 1 study reported stratified analyses by age and sex. 2 studies investigating primary causes of hospitalisation stratified by sex found some differences in main diagnoses.
DISCUSSION
Male NHRs are more often hospitalised than females, but reasons for that are not well investigated. The influence of age is less clear, but there seems to be no clear linear relationship between age and the proportion being hospitalised. Further studies should investigate age and sex differences in frequencies and reasons for hospitalisation in NHRs.
Topics: Accidental Falls; Age Factors; Cardiovascular Diseases; Comorbidity; Follow-Up Studies; Hospitalization; Humans; Malnutrition; Nursing Homes; Outcome Assessment, Health Care; Polypharmacy; Prevalence; Sex Factors
PubMed: 27855090
DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-011912 -
Dento Maxillo Facial Radiology May 2022This study aimed to investigate the reproducibility of dental age estimation methods in cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) and the correlation between dental (DA) and... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
OBJECTIVES
This study aimed to investigate the reproducibility of dental age estimation methods in cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) and the correlation between dental (DA) and chronological (CA) ages.
METHODS
The scientific literature was searched in six databases (PubMed, Scopus, LILACS, Web of Science, SciELO, and OATD). Only observational studies were selected. Within each study, the outcomes of interest were (I) the quantified reproducibility of the method (κ statistics and Intraclass correlation coefficient); and (II) the correlation () between the dental and chronological ages. A random-effect three-level meta-analysis was conducted alongside moderator analysis based on methods, arch (maxillary/mandibular), population, and number of roots.
RESULTS
From 671 studies, 39 fulfilled the inclusion criteria, with one study reporting two different methods. The methods used in the studies were divided into metric ( = 17), volumetric ( = 20), staging ( = 2), and atlas ( = 1). All studies reported high examiner reproducibility. Group 1 (metric and volumetric) provided a high inverse weighted ([Formula: see text] = -0.71, CI [-0.79,-0.61]), and Group 2 (staging) provided a medium-weighted ([Formula: see text] = 0.49, CI [0.44, 0.53]). Moderator analysis on Group one did not show statistically significant differences between methods, tooth position, arch, and number of roots. An exception was detected in the analysis based on population (Southeast Asia, [Formula: see text] = -0.89, CI [-0.94,-0.81]).
CONCLUSION
There is high evidence that CBCT methods are reproducible and reliable in dental age estimation. Quantitative metric and volumetric analysis demonstrated better performance in predicting chronological age than staging. Future studies exploring population-specific variability for age estimation with metric and volumetric CBCT analysis may prove beneficial.
Topics: Age Determination by Teeth; Cone-Beam Computed Tomography; Humans; Reproducibility of Results; Spiral Cone-Beam Computed Tomography; Tooth
PubMed: 34995103
DOI: 10.1259/dmfr.20210335 -
Aging Feb 2023Female fertility decreases with age. A decline in oocyte quality plays a key role in reproductive problems in older women. Whether advanced maternal age (AMA) is... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Female fertility decreases with age. A decline in oocyte quality plays a key role in reproductive problems in older women. Whether advanced maternal age (AMA) is associated with a decline in endometrial receptivity (ER) remains controversial. A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to evaluate the relationship between AMA and ER. Eighteen eligible studies were included in this meta-analysis. Of the 18 studies, 17, 8, 14, and 9 studies reported the impact of AMA on clinical pregnancy rate (CPR), implantation rate (IR), miscarriage rate (MR), and live birth rate (LBR), respectively. The combined results showed a trend (without significance) toward lower CPR in women with AMA than in younger women. A similar trend of worse outcomes in terms of IR was observed in women with AMA. A significantly higher MR and lower LBR were observed in infertile women with AMA than in younger women. In conclusion, there was a slightly lower IR and CPR without significance; however, significantly increased MR and decreased LBR were observed in women with AMA than in younger women, indicating that AMA is related to the decline of ER. Further prospective cohort studies with a preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy model are needed to observe the relationship between AMA and ER and explore the possible mechanisms.
Topics: Pregnancy; Humans; Female; Maternal Age; Pregnancy Rate; Infertility, Female; Prospective Studies; Embryo Implantation; Abortion, Spontaneous
PubMed: 37036802
DOI: 10.18632/aging.204555 -
PloS One 2023Iron deficiency is negatively associated with children's cognitive development. Evidence showed that iron supplementation improves cognitive development. Nearly 50% of... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Iron deficiency is negatively associated with children's cognitive development. Evidence showed that iron supplementation improves cognitive development. Nearly 50% of anemia is caused by iron deficiency. Anemia affects more school-age children, at an age where their brain development continues. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to review the evidence from published randomized controlled trials to evaluate the effects of iron supplementation on cognitive development and function among school-age children.
METHOD
Five databases including MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science and CENTRAL were used to search for articles on April 20th, 2021. The search was reconducted on October 13th, 2022 to retrieve new records. Studies were eligible if they included school children 6-12 years of age, were randomized controlled trials, and if they tested iron supplementation and measured cognitive development.
RESULT
Thirteen articles were included in the systematic review. Overall, iron supplementation significantly improved intelligence (standardized mean difference, 95% confidence interval) (SMD 0.46, 95%CI: 0.19, 0.73, P<0.001), attention and concentration (SMD 0.44, 95%CI: 0.07, 0.81, P = 0.02) and memory (SMD 0.44, 95%CI: 0.21, 0.67, P <0.001) of school-age children. There was no significant effect of iron supplementation on school achievement of school-age children (SMD 0.06, 95%CI: -0.15, 0.26, P = 0.56). In a subgroup analysis, iron-supplemented children who were anemic at baseline had had better outcomes of intelligence (SMD 0.79, 95%CI: 0.41, 1.16, P = 0.001) and memory (SMD 0.47, 95%CI: 0.13, 0.81; P = 0.006).
CONCLUSION
Iron supplementation has a significant positive effect on the intelligence, attention and concentration, and the memory of school-age children but there was no evidence on the effect of iron supplementation on their school achievement.
Topics: Humans; Child; Iron; Cognition; Anemia; Dietary Supplements; Iron Deficiencies; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
PubMed: 37368919
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0287703 -
Relative Age Effects Across and Within Female Sport Contexts: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Sports Medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) Jun 2018Subtle differences in chronological age within sport (bi-) annual-age groupings can contribute to immediate participation and long-term attainment discrepancies; known... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Subtle differences in chronological age within sport (bi-) annual-age groupings can contribute to immediate participation and long-term attainment discrepancies; known as the relative age effect. Voluminous studies have examined relative age effects in male sport; however, their prevalence and context-specific magnitude in female sport remain undetermined.
OBJECTIVE
The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and magnitude of relative age effects in female sport via examination of published data spanning 1984-2016.
METHODS
Registered with PROSPERO (No. 42016053497) and using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis systematic search guidelines, 57 studies were identified, containing 308 independent samples across 25 sports. Distribution data were synthesised using odds ratio meta-analyses, applying an invariance random-effects model. Follow-up subgroup category analyses examined whether relative age effect magnitudes were moderated by age group, competition level, sport type, sport context and study quality.
RESULTS
When comparing the relatively oldest (quartile 1) vs. youngest (quartile 4) individuals across all female sport contexts, the overall pooled estimate identified a significant but small relative age effect (odds ratio = 1.25; 95% confidence interval 1.21-1.30; p = 0.01; odds ratio adjusted = 1.21). Subgroup analyses revealed the relative age effect magnitude was higher in pre-adolescent (≤ 11 years) and adolescent (12-14 years) age groups and at higher competition levels. Relative age effect magnitudes were higher in team-based and individual sport contexts associated with high physiological demands.
CONCLUSION
The findings highlight relative age effects are prevalent across the female sport contexts examined. Relative age effect magnitude is moderated by interactions between developmental stages, competition level and sport context demands. Modifications to sport policy, organisational and athlete development system structure, as well as practitioner intervention are recommended to prevent relative age effect-related participation and longer term attainment inequalities.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Distribution; Age Factors; Australia; Exercise; Female; Humans; Male; Physical Education and Training; Sports
PubMed: 29536262
DOI: 10.1007/s40279-018-0890-8