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Cancers Jan 2024Given the heterogeneity of different malignant processes, planning cancer treatment is challenging. According to recent studies, natural products are likely to be... (Review)
Review
Given the heterogeneity of different malignant processes, planning cancer treatment is challenging. According to recent studies, natural products are likely to be effective in cancer prevention and treatment. Among bioactive flavonoids found in fruits and vegetables, kaempferol (KMP) is known for its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer properties. This systematic review aims to highlight the potential therapeutic effects of KMP on different types of solid malignant tumors. This review was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Searches were performed in EMBASE, Medline/PubMed, Cochrane Collaboration Library, Science Direct, Scopus, and Google Scholar. After the application of study criteria, 64 studies were included. In vitro experiments demonstrated that KMP exerts antitumor effects by controlling tumor cell cycle progression, proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion, as well as by inhibiting angiogenesis. KMP was also able to inhibit important markers that regulate epithelial-mesenchymal transition and enhanced the sensitivity of cancer cells to traditional drugs used in chemotherapy, including cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil. This flavonoid is a promising therapeutic compound and its combination with current anticancer agents, including targeted drugs, may potentially produce more effective and predictable results.
PubMed: 38339336
DOI: 10.3390/cancers16030585 -
Medicina Oral, Patologia Oral Y Cirugia... May 2019Tyrosine kinase receptor family is involved in tumor growth, pathological angiogenesis and the progression (metastasis) of cancer. Sunitinib (Sutent®) inhibits members...
BACKGROUND
Tyrosine kinase receptor family is involved in tumor growth, pathological angiogenesis and the progression (metastasis) of cancer. Sunitinib (Sutent®) inhibits members of the tyrosine kinase receptor family affecting the induction of angiogenesis and tumor progression. It is not clear if sunitinib increases the risk of osteonecrosis of the jaws (ONJ). The aim of this study was to carry out a systematic review about ONJ related to sunitinib, describing existing cases and possible associated risk factors.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
The PubMed/MEDLINE and Cochrane Library databases were searched without date restriction up to September 2018. We included prospective and retrospective observational studies, cross-sectional studies, clinical cases and series of cases, involving only human subjects. The methodological quality of the studies was assessed using The Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) and Newcastle-Ottawa tools.
RESULTS
A total of 13 studies fulfilled our inclusion criteria of which 7 were clinical cases, 5 case series and a retrospective study. All the articles were published between 2009 and 2018. Of the 102 patients treated with sunitinib analyzed in this study, 58 developed ONJ, being or having been treated with sunitinib and bisphosphonates or exclusively with sunitinib.
CONCLUSIONS
In this systematic review, we found an increase of ONJ in patients who are medicated with other drugs different than bisphosphonates and denosumab. It is necessary that dentists, oral and maxillofacial surgeons as well as oncologists know the risk of ONJ that these antiresorptive drugs could have. There is a need to continue researching in this field with the aim of an increasing knowledge in this area and creating an adequate protocol of action for this population.
Topics: Bone Density Conservation Agents; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diphosphonates; Humans; Osteonecrosis; Prospective Studies; Retrospective Studies; Sunitinib
PubMed: 31011143
DOI: 10.4317/medoral.22858 -
Digestive Diseases and Sciences May 2012Sorafenib, a drug that inhibits Raf serine/threonine kinases mediating cell proliferation and receptor tyrosine kinases involved in angiogenesis, is approved for... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Sorafenib, a drug that inhibits Raf serine/threonine kinases mediating cell proliferation and receptor tyrosine kinases involved in angiogenesis, is approved for treatment of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma.
AIMS
To explore the efficacy and safety of sorafenib for treating advanced HCC, and to identify clinical factors that might affect that efficacy and safety.
METHODS
We conducted a systematic review using the PRISMA guidelines to identify prospective studies on sorafenib used alone or in combination with systemic and/or loco regional anti-tumor therapy for treating advanced HCC.
RESULTS
We identified 21 prospective trials of sorafenib treatment alone (7) or combined with other treatment (14). In randomized, placebo-controlled trials, sorafenib prolonged overall survival by 2.3-2.8 months, extended the time to tumor progression by 1.4-2.7 months, and increased disease control by 11-19 %. OS and DCRs were lowest for studies with the highest percentage of hepatitis B patients. Most studies reported major side effects (diarrhea, fatigue, and hand-foot syndrome) in <15 % of patients, with greater incidence in patients with advanced cirrhosis and those treated with sorafenib in combination with 5-FU drugs.
CONCLUSIONS
Treatment with sorafenib results in statistically significant, but clinically modest, improvements in OS, TTP, and DCR. For patients with hepatitis B, response seems to be poorer than for those with hepatitis C. The frequency of hand-foot syndrome seems to be higher when sorafenib is used in advanced cirrhosis and is combined with 5-FU drugs. It is not clear that sorafenib combined with other treatments is more effective than sorafenib alone.
Topics: Antineoplastic Protocols; Benzenesulfonates; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Cell Proliferation; Chemoembolization, Therapeutic; Hand-Foot Syndrome; Hepatitis, Viral, Human; Humans; Liver; Liver Cirrhosis; Liver Neoplasms; Neovascularization, Pathologic; Niacinamide; Phenylurea Compounds; Protein Kinase Inhibitors; Pyridines; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; Sorafenib; Treatment Outcome; raf Kinases
PubMed: 22451120
DOI: 10.1007/s10620-012-2136-1 -
Journal of Nanobiotechnology Apr 2024Rare earth nanomaterials (RE NMs), which are based on rare earth elements, have emerged as remarkable biomaterials for use in bone regeneration. The effects of RE NMs on... (Review)
Review
Rare earth nanomaterials (RE NMs), which are based on rare earth elements, have emerged as remarkable biomaterials for use in bone regeneration. The effects of RE NMs on osteogenesis, such as promoting the osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells, have been investigated. However, the contributions of the properties of RE NMs to bone regeneration and their interactions with various cell types during osteogenesis have not been reviewed. Here, we review the crucial roles of the physicochemical and biological properties of RE NMs and focus on their osteogenic mechanisms. RE NMs directly promote the proliferation, adhesion, migration, and osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. They also increase collagen secretion and mineralization to accelerate osteogenesis. Furthermore, RE NMs inhibit osteoclast formation and regulate the immune environment by modulating macrophages and promote angiogenesis by inducing hypoxia in endothelial cells. These effects create a microenvironment that is conducive to bone formation. This review will help researchers overcome current limitations to take full advantage of the osteogenic benefits of RE NMs and will suggest a potential approach for further osteogenesis research.
Topics: Osteogenesis; Endothelial Cells; Bone Regeneration; Osteoclasts; Nanostructures; Cell Differentiation
PubMed: 38627717
DOI: 10.1186/s12951-024-02442-3 -
Evidence-based Complementary and... 2020Colorectal cancer represents a heavy burden for health systems worldwide, being the third most common cancer worldwide. Despite the breakthroughs in medicine, current... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
Colorectal cancer represents a heavy burden for health systems worldwide, being the third most common cancer worldwide. Despite the breakthroughs in medicine, current chemotherapeutic options continue to have important side effects and may not be effective in preventing disease progression. Cannabinoids might be substances with possible therapeutic potential for cancer because they can attenuate the side effects of chemotherapy and have antiproliferative and antimetastatic effects. We aim to determine, through a systematic review of experimental studies performed on animal CRC models, if cannabinoids can reduce the formation of preneoplastic lesions (aberrant crypt foci), number, and volume of neoplastic lesions.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A systematic, qualitative review of the literature was conducted in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. PubMed, Embase, and Scopus databases were searched. We use the following Medical Subject Headings (MESH) terms in PubMed: "colorectal neoplasms," "colonic neoplasms," "colorectal cancer," "polyps," "rimonabant," "cannabidiol," "cannabinoids," "azoxymethane," "xenograft," and "mice." Only studies that met the eligibility criteria were included.
RESULTS
Eight experimental studies were included in the analysis after the full-text evaluation. Seven studies were azoxymethane (AOM) colorectal cancer models, and four studies were xenograft models. Cannabidiol botanical substance (CBD BS) and rimonabant achieved high aberrant crypt foci (ACF) reduction (86% and 75.4%, respectively). Cannabigerol, O-1602, and URB-602 demonstrated a high capacity for tumor volume reduction. Induction of apoptosis, interaction with cell survival, growth pathways, and angiogenesis inhibition were the mechanisms extracted from the studies that explain cannabinoids' actions on CRC.
CONCLUSIONS
Cannabinoids have incredible potential as antineoplastic agents as experimental models demonstrate that they can reduce tumor volume and ACF formation. It is crucial to conduct more experimental studies to understand the pharmacology of cannabinoids in CRC better.
PubMed: 32765628
DOI: 10.1155/2020/2371527 -
Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine 2021Ischemic heart disease (IHD) is a considerable health burden worldwide with high mortality and morbidity. Treatments for IHD are mainly focused on decreasing oxygen...
Ischemic heart disease (IHD) is a considerable health burden worldwide with high mortality and morbidity. Treatments for IHD are mainly focused on decreasing oxygen demand or increasing myocardial oxygen supply, including pharmacological, interventional, and surgical treatment, but there are also some limitations. Therefore, it is important to find a simple, effective, and economical treatment. As non-invasive and safe physiotherapy, electrical stimulation (ES) has a promising application in the treatment of IHD. Current studies suggest that ES can affect the occurrence and development of IHD by promoting angiogenesis, regulating autophagy and apoptosis, inhibiting the inflammatory response and oxidative stress. In this review, we focus predominantly on the mechanism of ES and the current progress of ES therapy in IHD, furthermore, give a brief introduction to the forms of ES in clinical application.
PubMed: 34805318
DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.761877 -
Journal of Vascular Research 2022Of the 200 million patients worldwide affected by peripheral arterial disease (PAD), 4% will inevitably require major limb amputation. Previous systematic reviews... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Of the 200 million patients worldwide affected by peripheral arterial disease (PAD), 4% will inevitably require major limb amputation. Previous systematic reviews presented a conflicting body of evidence in terms of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) family member effects upon PAD natural progression. Despite that, modulation of intrinsic angiogenesis mechanisms targeting the VEGF family members still confers an attractive therapeutic target. The aim of the present study was to evaluate current evidence of VEGF modulation in the context of PAD.
METHODS
This is a systematic literature review conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines and registered under PROSPERO database [CRD42021285988]. Independent literature search was performed up to April 1, 2022, on six databases. A total of 22 eligible studies were identified [N: 3, interventional patient studies; N: 19, animal studies]. Animal studies were appraised by the SYRCLE risk of bias tool, while human participant studies were assessed by the Newcastle Ottawa scale. Overall, quality of evidence was deemed fair for both animal and human studies. Main study outcomes were percentage change of injured vessel lumen stenosis and neointimal area formation upon VEGF modulation (inhibition or activation) in comparison with control group.
FINDINGS
Nineteen animal models and three human participant studies were included in the systematic review and assessed separately. Positive modulation of VEGF-A in animal models resulted in a median decrease of 65.58% [95% CI 45.2; 71.87] in lumen stenosis [14 studies]. Furthermore, positive modulation of VEGF-A was found to reduce neointimal area proliferation by a median decrease of 63.41% [95% CI 41.6; 79.59] [14 studies]. Median end of study duration was 28 days [range: 14-84 days]. Data were insufficient to assess these outcomes with respect to VEGF-B or VEGF-C modulation. The limited number of available human studies presented inadequate outcome assessment despite their overall fair NOS grading.
INTERPRETATION
VEGF-A-positive modulation decreases lumen stenosis and neointimal hyperplasia in PAD simulation animal models. Previously identified variability among outcomes was found to strongly stem from the variability of experimental designs. Clinical applicability and safety profile of VEGF-A in the context of PAD remain to be defined by a robust and uniformly designed body of further animal model-based experiments.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; Constriction, Pathologic; Peripheral Arterial Disease
PubMed: 36380643
DOI: 10.1159/000527079 -
Evidence-based Complementary and... 2021and its main ingredient nobiletin (NOB) have received widespread attention in recent years due to their antitumor effects. The antitumor effect of is related to the... (Review)
Review
and its main ingredient nobiletin (NOB) have received widespread attention in recent years due to their antitumor effects. The antitumor effect of is related to the traditional use, mainly in its Chinese medicinal properties of soothing the liver and promoting qi, resolving phlegm, and dispelling stagnation. Some studies have proved that and NOB are more effective for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), which is related to the syndrome of stagnation of liver qi. From the perspective of modern biomedical research, NOB has anticancer effects. Its potential molecular mechanisms include inhibition of the cell cycle, induction of apoptosis, and inhibition of angiogenesis, invasion, and migration. and NOB can also reduce the side effects of chemotherapy drugs and reverse multidrug resistance (MDR). However, more research studies are needed to clarify the underlying mechanisms. The modern evidence of and NOB in breast cancer treatment has a strong connection with the traditional concepts and laws of applying in Chinese medicine (CM). As a low-toxic anticancer drug candidate, NOB and its structural changes, , and compound prescriptions will attract scientists to use advanced technologies such as genomics, proteomics, and metabolomics to study its potential anticancer effects and mechanisms. On the contrary, there are relatively few studies on the anticancer effects of and NOB . The clinical application of and NOB as new cancer treatment drugs requires verification and further anticancer mechanism research. This review aims to provide reference for the treatment of breast cancer by Chinese medicine.
PubMed: 34257674
DOI: 10.1155/2021/2847466 -
Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy =... Jun 2021Lycopene, the main pigment of tomatoes, possess the strongest antioxidant activity among carotenoids. Lycopene has unique structure and chemical properties. We searched...
Lycopene, the main pigment of tomatoes, possess the strongest antioxidant activity among carotenoids. Lycopene has unique structure and chemical properties. We searched the literature, via PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and Google database so on to screen citations from inception to Oct 2020 for inclusion in this study. We found that as a common phytochemical, it did not attract much attention in the past few years. However, recent studies have indicated that, in addition to antioxidant activity and the second stage of detoxification, the anticancer of lycopene is also considered to be an important determinant of tumor development including the inhibition of cell proliferation, inhibition of cell cycle progression, induction of apoptosis, inhibition of cell invasion, angiogenesis and metastasis. The effect mechanisms of lycopene are related to the regulation of several signal transduction pathways, such as PI3K/Akt pathway, modulation of insulin-like growth factors system, the suppression of activity of sex steroid hormones, the modification of relevant gene expression, and the alteration of mitochondrial function. These novel findings have suggested that lycopene acts as a promising functional natural pigment, and may be associated with a decreased risk of different types of cancer. This review presents the latest knowledge with respect to its molecular mechanisms and its molecular targets of the inhibitory effects on carcinogenesis.
Topics: Animals; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; Cell Cycle Checkpoints; Cell Proliferation; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; Humans; Lycopene; Molecular Targeted Therapy; Neoplasms; Signal Transduction
PubMed: 34311540
DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111546 -
Frontiers in Oncology 2022Pulsatilla chinensis (Bge.) Regel (PC) is one of the most commonly used Chinese medicines and has a history of thousands of years. This article reviews the research... (Review)
Review
Pulsatilla chinensis (Bge.) Regel (PC) is one of the most commonly used Chinese medicines and has a history of thousands of years. This article reviews the research results of anti-cancer activity and its mechanism of action obtained from experimental, clinical, pharmacokinetic and bioinformatic studies in recent years. A large number of studies have shown that PC exerts had anti-cancer effects on different types of tumor cells by inhibiting cell proliferation, inducing apoptosis, inhibiting cell cycle and energy metabolism, inducing autophagy, and inhibiting angiogenesis. The literature has shown that PC can trigger the expression of autophagy-related molecules, activate the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway, inhibit the phosphorylation of PI3K downstream factors, down-regulate the expression of glycolysis-related proteins, and regulate a series of cancer-related signal pathways and proteins. The molecular mechanisms involved in PC include signal pathways such as Notch, PI3K/AKT/m TOR, AKT/mTOR, and MEK/ERK. The article also discusses the derivatives of the active ingredients in PC, which greatly improved the anti-cancer effect. In conclusion, this review provides a comprehensive overview of the biological effects and mechanisms of PC against cancer. The analysis of the literature shows that PC can be used as a potential drug candidate for the treatment of cancer.
PubMed: 35814470
DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.888075