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Nutricion Hospitalaria Mar 2017Introduction: The influence of antioxidants on ocular processes has taken on a significant importance in recent years for its effects on visual health. Oxidative stress... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Introduction: The influence of antioxidants on ocular processes has taken on a significant importance in recent years for its effects on visual health. Oxidative stress is a factor involved in the development of major pathologies such as cataracts, glaucoma and age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Objective: To establish the scientific evidence that exists about the different types of antioxidants and their effects on ocular pathological processes through a systematic review. Methods: Literature search in MEDLINE, Scielo and Cochrane for studies evaluating the use of antioxidants in the prevention and/or treatment of eye diseases. Selected randomized controlled clinical trials over the past 7 years were selected. Results: The relationship between different types of antioxidants, vitamin E, C, beta carotene, zinc, lutein, anthocyanins and carotenoids, suggests a positive relationship with the risk and progression of AMD and glaucoma parameters, indicating a lower risk of the disease due to an increased consumption of antioxidants in the diet. Initial reports suggest a potential role for diet modification in the treatment of age-related macular degeneration and glaucoma primarily, not evidencing for the prevention of cataract. Conclusions: Promoting adequate consumption of antioxidants in the diet can prevent and protect against highly prevalent eye diseases. The antioxidants of the group of vitamins are the most studied so far in the ocular pathologies. More clinical trials are needed to establish these relationships more precisely.
Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; Diet; Eye Diseases; Humans; Vision Disorders
PubMed: 28421807
DOI: 10.20960/nh.420 -
Polymers May 2023The butterfly pea flower ( L.) (BPF) has a high anthocyanin content, which can be incorporated into polymer-based films to produce intelligent packaging for real-time... (Review)
Review
The butterfly pea flower ( L.) (BPF) has a high anthocyanin content, which can be incorporated into polymer-based films to produce intelligent packaging for real-time food freshness indicators. The objective of this work was to systematically review the polymer characteristics used as BPF extract carriers and their application on various food products as intelligent packaging systems. This systematic review was developed based on scientific reports accessible on the databases provided by PSAS, UPM, and Google Scholar between 2010 and 2023. It covers the morphology, anthocyanin extraction, and applications of anthocyanin-rich colourants from butterfly pea flower (BPF) and as pH indicators in intelligent packaging systems. Probe ultrasonication extraction was successfully employed to extract a higher yield, which showed a 246.48% better extraction of anthocyanins from BPFs for food applications. In comparison to anthocyanins from other natural sources, BPFs have a major benefit in food packaging due to their unique colour spectrum throughout a wide range of pH values. Several studies reported that the immobilisation of BPF in different polymeric film matrixes could affect their physicochemical properties, but they could still effectively monitor the quality of perishable food in real-time. In conclusion, the development of intelligent films employing BPF's anthocyanins is a potential strategy for the future of food packaging systems.
PubMed: 37299340
DOI: 10.3390/polym15112541 -
The British Journal of Nutrition Sep 2014Demand for organic foods is partially driven by consumers' perceptions that they are more nutritious. However, scientific opinion is divided on whether there are... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Higher antioxidant and lower cadmium concentrations and lower incidence of pesticide residues in organically grown crops: a systematic literature review and meta-analyses.
Demand for organic foods is partially driven by consumers' perceptions that they are more nutritious. However, scientific opinion is divided on whether there are significant nutritional differences between organic and non-organic foods, and two recent reviews have concluded that there are no differences. In the present study, we carried out meta-analyses based on 343 peer-reviewed publications that indicate statistically significant and meaningful differences in composition between organic and non-organic crops/crop-based foods. Most importantly, the concentrations of a range of antioxidants such as polyphenolics were found to be substantially higher in organic crops/crop-based foods, with those of phenolic acids, flavanones, stilbenes, flavones, flavonols and anthocyanins being an estimated 19 (95 % CI 5, 33) %, 69 (95 % CI 13, 125) %, 28 (95 % CI 12, 44) %, 26 (95 % CI 3, 48) %, 50 (95 % CI 28, 72) % and 51 (95 % CI 17, 86) % higher, respectively. Many of these compounds have previously been linked to a reduced risk of chronic diseases, including CVD and neurodegenerative diseases and certain cancers, in dietary intervention and epidemiological studies. Additionally, the frequency of occurrence of pesticide residues was found to be four times higher in conventional crops, which also contained significantly higher concentrations of the toxic metal Cd. Significant differences were also detected for some other (e.g. minerals and vitamins) compounds. There is evidence that higher antioxidant concentrations and lower Cd concentrations are linked to specific agronomic practices (e.g. non-use of mineral N and P fertilisers, respectively) prescribed in organic farming systems. In conclusion, organic crops, on average, have higher concentrations of antioxidants, lower concentrations of Cd and a lower incidence of pesticide residues than the non-organic comparators across regions and production seasons.
Topics: Antioxidants; Cadmium; Crops, Agricultural; Flavonoids; Food, Organic; Humans; Hydroxybenzoates; Nutritive Value; Organic Agriculture; Pesticide Residues; Polyphenols
PubMed: 24968103
DOI: 10.1017/S0007114514001366 -
Acta Ophthalmologica Feb 2013To provide a systematic review of the published studies pertaining to the lifestyle modification, dietary, nutritional and vitamins supplements for preventing occurrence... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE
To provide a systematic review of the published studies pertaining to the lifestyle modification, dietary, nutritional and vitamins supplements for preventing occurrence or halting deterioration of age-related macular degeneration (AMD).
METHODS
The literature searches from 1990 to December 2010 with following keywords, 'age related macular degeneration', 'nutrition', 'antioxidant', 'diet' and 'vitamins supplements' using search engines Pubmed, Google Scholar, Medline and the Cochrane Library. Meta-analyses, population-based cohort studies and case-controlled trials were reviewed, whereas small cases series, case reports, commentaries, abstracts in proceedings or personal observations were excluded.
RESULTS
Smoking and obesity are identified risk factors for AMD. High dietary intakes of omega-3 fatty acids, and macular xanthophylls lutein and zeaxanthin have been associated with a lower risk of prevalence and incidence in AMD. Vitamin B and extracts from wolfberry, Gingko biloba and berry anthocyanins were also subjects of intense research interests, but there has been no concluding scientific evidence yet. The Age-Related Eye Disease study (AREDS) is the only large-scale randomized controlled clinical trial to show beneficial effect of AREDS formulation of vitamins C, E, beta-carotene and zinc with copper in reducing the risk progression to advanced AMD in patients with intermediate AMD or with advanced AMD in one eye.
CONCLUSION
Quit smoking is an important advice to patients to prevent or slow the progress of AMD. There is no recommendation for routine nutritional or vitamins supplementation for primary prevention. However, patients with documented intermediate risk of AMD or advanced AMD in one eye are recommended to take AREDS-type vitamin supplements.
Topics: Behavior Therapy; Diet; Dietary Supplements; Humans; Life Style; Macular Degeneration; Meta-Analysis as Topic; Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Primary Prevention; Risk Reduction Behavior; Vitamins
PubMed: 22268800
DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-3768.2011.02357.x -
Nutrients Jun 2021Anthocyanins, water-soluble flavonoids that produce red-to-blue pigment in plants, have antioxidant properties and have been developed as a functional food to fight... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Anthocyanins, water-soluble flavonoids that produce red-to-blue pigment in plants, have antioxidant properties and have been developed as a functional food to fight obesity. In randomized controlled trials (RCTs), a systematic review with meta-analysis (SR-MA) was used to investigate these anti-obesity effects. Using search engines (PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane-library, and CINAHL) and keywords (anthocyanins, BMI, WC, WHR, and inflammatory biomarkers), 11 out of 642 RCTs (28.3-500 mg/day of anthocyanins for 4 to 24 weeks) were included. The results showed a significant reduction in body mass index (BMI) (MD = -0.36, 95% CI = -0.58 to -0.13), but body weight (BW) and waist circumference (WC) did not change. Anthocyanins decreased BMI in the non-obese (non-OB) group in five RCTs (BMI ≤ 25; MD = -0.40 kg/m; 95% CI = -0.64 to -0.16;) but did not affect BMI in the obese (OB) group. A subgroup analysis of six RCTs showed that fewer than 300 mg/day reduced BMI (MD = -0.37; 95% CI = -0.06 to -0.14), but ≥300 mg/day did not. A treatment duration of four weeks for four RCTs was sufficient to decrease the BMI (MD = -0.41; 95% CI = -0.66 to -0.16) as opposed to a longer treatment (6-8 or ≥12 weeks). An analysis of the effect of anthocyanins on the BMI showed a significant fall among those from the Middle East compared to those from Asia, Europe, South America, or Oceania. In conclusion, the anthocyanin supplementation of 300 mg/day or less for four weeks was sufficient to reduce the BMI and BW compared to the higher-dose and longer-treatment RCTs. However, further studies might be conducted regarding the dose- or period-dependent responses on various obese biomarkers.
Topics: Anthocyanins; Asia; Body Mass Index; Body Weight; Dietary Supplements; Europe; Female; Humans; Male; Middle East; Obesity; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; South America; Waist Circumference
PubMed: 34205642
DOI: 10.3390/nu13062121 -
Critical Reviews in Food Science and... 2023Anthocyanins (ACN), the sub-class of (poly)phenols responsible for the red-blue-purple pigmentation of fruit and vegetables, have gained considerable interest in sport... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Anthocyanins (ACN), the sub-class of (poly)phenols responsible for the red-blue-purple pigmentation of fruit and vegetables, have gained considerable interest in sport and exercise research due to their potential to facilitate exercise recovery. A systematic literature search was performed using PubMed, The Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, SPORTDiscus and CINAHL. Thirty nine studies were included and the standardized mean difference (Hedges ) for creatine kinase (CK), anti-oxidative and inflammatory markers, strength, power and delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) indices were pooled in separate meta-analyses; meta-regression was also performed on reported ACN dose. Immediately post-exercise there was an increase in antioxidant capacity (: 0.56) and reduced C reactive protein (: -0.24) and tumor necrosis factor α (: -40); ≤ 0.02. Strength was improved with ACN at all time points (: 0.45-0.67). DOMS (: -0.23) was lower 24 hours post-exercise and power was improved 24 hours (: 0.62) and 48 hours (: 0.57) post exercise. The CK was lower 48 hours post-exercise (: -0.31) and there was a trend for a positive association with ACN dose ( = 0.057). This systematic review provides new data showing ACN-rich foods promote functional and subjective recovery likely due to the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of ACN.
Topics: Humans; Antioxidants; Anthocyanins; Exercise; Myalgia; Diet
PubMed: 34402657
DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1963208 -
Journal of Ethnopharmacology Feb 2024The genus Alchemilla L. (lady's mantle) comprises 1000 species, of which more than 300 have been characterized from Europe. Notably, as folk medicines, Alchemilla... (Review)
Review
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE
The genus Alchemilla L. (lady's mantle) comprises 1000 species, of which more than 300 have been characterized from Europe. Notably, as folk medicines, Alchemilla species have long been prescribed for the treatment of dysmenorrhea, pruritus vulvae, menopausal complaints, and related diseases in women. This review summarizes the traditional uses, highlights promising plant species, and focuses on phytochemical and biological studies to highlight future areas of research.
AIM OF THE REVIEW
This literature review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of Alchemilla species, covering their botany, traditional uses, phytochemistry, and biological and pharmacological activities, and to summarize the current research status to better understand the application value of Alchemilla plants in modern phytotherapy.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The search strategy utilized the major thematic platforms Reaxys, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Scopus, ScienceDirect, PubMed, the USDA Plant Database and Kew Science (Royal Botanic Gardens) and was performed with the term Alchemilla. These platforms were systematically searched for articles published from 1960 to 2023.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Alchemilla species, as members of the Rosaceae family, produce tannins, phenolic acids, flavonoids, anthocyanins, coumarins, triterpenes and violet compounds. Effort has been made with this comprehensive review of Alchemilla plants to highlight the recent developments and milestones achieved in modern phytochemistry and phytotherapy, underlaying a broad spectrum of the activities of these plants, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, antimicrobial, antiobesity, cardiovascular, anticancer, and wound healing effects.
CONCLUSIONS
An increasing number of studies on the plants in the Alchemilla genus have provided data about the main constituents and their importance in modern medicine. Both in vitro and in vivo studies have indicated that Alchemilla plants possess an extensive spectrum of biological activities. Regardless of the remarkable medical potential of Alchemilla extracts, clinical studies are limited and need to be performed to produce safer and less expensive plant-based drugs.
Topics: Female; Humans; Ethnopharmacology; Plants, Medicinal; Alchemilla; Rosaceae; Anthocyanins; Phytotherapy; Plant Extracts; Phytochemicals
PubMed: 37981119
DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117439 -
The American Journal of Clinical... Oct 2010To identify associations between polyphenol intake and health and disease outcomes in cohort studies, it is important to identify biomarkers of intake for the various... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
To identify associations between polyphenol intake and health and disease outcomes in cohort studies, it is important to identify biomarkers of intake for the various compounds commonly consumed as part of the diet.
OBJECTIVE
The objective of this systematic review was to assess the usefulness of polyphenol metabolites excreted in urine as biomarkers of polyphenol intake in humans.
DESIGN
The method included a structured search strategy for polyphenol intervention studies on Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE (Ovid), and Cochrane databases; formal inclusion and exclusion criteria; data extraction into an Access database; validity assessment; and meta-analysis.
RESULTS
One hundred sixty-two controlled intervention studies with polyphenols were included, and mean recovery yield and correlations with the dose ingested were determined for 40 polyphenols. Polyphenols such as daidzein, genistein, glycitein, enterolactone, and hydroxytyrosol showed both a high recovery yield (12-37%) and a high correlation with the dose (Pearson's correlation coefficients: 0.67-0.87), which showed good sensitivity and robustness as biomarkers of intake throughout the different studies. Weaker recovery for anthocyanins (0.06-0.2%) and weaker correlations with dose [Pearson's correlation coefficients: 0.21-0.52 for hesperidin, naringenin, (-)-epicatechin, (-)-epigallocatechin, quercetin, and 3 microbial metabolites of isoflavones (dihydrodaidzein, equol, and O-desmethylangolensin)] suggest that they are currently less suitable as biomarkers of intake.
CONCLUSIONS
These data confirm the value of certain urinary polyphenols as biomarkers of intake. A validation in populations is now needed to evaluate their specificity, sensitivity, and responsiveness to dose under free-living conditions.
Topics: Anthocyanins; Biomarkers; Eating; Flavanones; Flavonoids; Humans; Phenols; Polyphenols; Review Literature as Topic; Stilbenes
PubMed: 20810980
DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.2010.29924 -
Foods (Basel, Switzerland) Jul 2023This study aims to provide an overview of the compounds found in sweet potato () that contribute to its anti-diabetic activity and the mechanisms by which they act. A... (Review)
Review
This study aims to provide an overview of the compounds found in sweet potato () that contribute to its anti-diabetic activity and the mechanisms by which they act. A comprehensive literature search was conducted using electronic databases, such as PubMed, Scopus, and Science Direct, with specific search terms and Boolean operators. A total of 269 articles were initially retrieved, but after applying inclusion and exclusion criteria only 28 articles were selected for further review. Among the findings, four varieties of sweet potato were identified as having potential anti-diabetic properties. Phenolic acids, flavonols, flavanones, and anthocyanidins are responsible for the anti-diabetic activity of sweet potatoes. The anti-diabetic mechanism of sweet potatoes was determined using a combination of components with multi-target actions. The results of these studies provide evidence that is effective in the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
PubMed: 37509903
DOI: 10.3390/foods12142810 -
Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome May 2023In this meta-analysis, findings from recent studies on the preventive properties of anthocyanins (ACN) against cardiovascular disease are summarized. (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
In this meta-analysis, findings from recent studies on the preventive properties of anthocyanins (ACN) against cardiovascular disease are summarized.
METHODS
MEDLINE, PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar were searched and 2512 studies were found in a preliminary search. After screening of titles and abstracts, 47 studies met the inclusion criteria (randomized clinical trial design and sufficient data of outcomes). Studies were excluded based on the following criteria: incomplete data; obscurely reported outcomes, or lack of control groups; and animal studies.
RESULTS
The results showed that intervention with ACNs resulted in a significant decrease in body mass index ((MD),- 0.21; 95% CI, - 0.38, - 0.04; P < 0.001) and body fat mass (MD: - 0.3%, 95% CI - 0.42 to - 0.18%, p < 0.001). Pooled data comparing ACN with control showed statistically significant effect on fasting blood sugar and HbA1c. However, the reductions were significantly more in the subjects with type 2 diabetes and in those who used ACN as supplement/extract. The subgroup analysis test showed that there was a significant effect of ACN on triglyceride concentrations, total cholesterol, LDL-C and HDL-C concentrations in all subgroups of participants (with vs. without dyslipidemia at baseline) and intervention type (supplement/extract vs. food). However, we did not observe any significant effect on apo A and apo B concentrations.
CONCLUSIONS
ACN intake in the forms of natural foods and supplements can induce healthy changes in body fat mass, glycemic and lipidemic status and these effects are more prominent in the subjects with above-normal values. This meta-analysis was registered at http://www.crd.york.ac.uk/Prospero (Registration no. CRD42021286466).
PubMed: 37221605
DOI: 10.1186/s13098-023-01075-0