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Journal of Comparative Effectiveness... Apr 2022To conduct indirect treatment comparisons between risdiplam and other approved treatments for spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). Individual patient data from risdiplam... (Review)
Review
To conduct indirect treatment comparisons between risdiplam and other approved treatments for spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). Individual patient data from risdiplam trials were compared with aggregated data from published studies of nusinersen and onasemnogene abeparvovec, accounting for heterogeneity across studies. In Type 1 SMA, studies of risdiplam and nusinersen included similar populations. Indirect comparison results found improved survival and motor function with risdiplam versus nusinersen. Comparison with onasemnogene abeparvovec in Type 1 SMA and with nusinersen in Types 2/3 SMA was challenging due to substantial differences in study populations; no concrete conclusions could be drawn from the indirect comparison analyses. Indirect comparisons support risdiplam as a superior alternative to nusinersen in Type 1 SMA.
Topics: Azo Compounds; Humans; Muscular Atrophy, Spinal; Pyrimidines; Spinal Muscular Atrophies of Childhood
PubMed: 35040693
DOI: 10.2217/cer-2021-0216 -
Tropical Medicine & International... Sep 2022This systematic review was undertaken to answer the research question: "In children with primary cataracts, what are the outcomes (posterior continuous curvilinear... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
This systematic review was undertaken to answer the research question: "In children with primary cataracts, what are the outcomes (posterior continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis + posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation) of surgery when performed with and without trypan blue staining of the posterior lens capsule?"
METHODS
An electronic search in six biomedical databases was conducted to identify randomised controlled trials that compared trypan blue with no stain during surgery in children 0-16 years with primary cataracts. Titles and abstracts of studies published between 1946 and 2021 in English language were screened. Data extraction, risk of bias assessment and synthesis of findings were done by two independent reviewers, while conflicts were discussed and resolved with a third.
RESULTS
A total of 115 of 153 articles were screened after de-duplication. Of these, 113 were excluded while 2 randomised controlled trials involving 56 eyes of 42 participants were included in the review. The risk of bias was similar across all domains in both. Staining of the capsule led to complete posterior capsulorhexis and optimal placement of the implant in >90% of study eyes, while the control arms had 65%-80% for both outcomes.
CONCLUSION
Use of trypan blue in paediatric cataract surgery probably leads to better outcomes, but more well-conducted randomised controlled trials on this important topic are needed.
Topics: Capsulorhexis; Cataract; Cataract Extraction; Child; Coloring Agents; Humans; Lens Capsule, Crystalline; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Trypan Blue
PubMed: 35859347
DOI: 10.1111/tmi.13801 -
The Cochrane Database of Systematic... 2001Tartrazine is the best known and one of the most commonly used food additives. Food colorants are also used in many medications as well as foods. There has been... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Tartrazine is the best known and one of the most commonly used food additives. Food colorants are also used in many medications as well as foods. There has been conflicting evidence as to whether tartrazine causes exacerbations of asthma with some studies finding a positive association especially in individuals with cross-sensitivity to aspirin.
OBJECTIVES
To assess the overall effect of tartrazine (exclusion or challenge) in the management of asthma.
SEARCH STRATEGY
A search was carried out using the Cochrane Airways Group specialised register. Bibliographies of each RCT was searched for additional papers. Authors of identified RCTs were contacted for further information for their trials and details of other studies.
SELECTION CRITERIA
RCTs of oral administration of tartrazine (as a challenge) versus placebo or dietary avoidance of tartrazine versus normal diet were considered. Studies which focused upon allergic asthma, were also included. Studies of tartrazine exclusion for other allergic conditions such as hay fever, allergic rhinitis and eczema were only considered if the results for subjects with asthma were separately identified. Trials could be in either adults or children with asthma or allergic asthma (e.g. sensitivity to aspirin or food items known to contain tartrazine).
DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
Study quality was assessed and data abstracted by two reviewers independently. Outcomes were analysed using RevMan 4.1.1.
MAIN RESULTS
Ninety abstracts were found, of which 18 were potentially relevant. Six met the inclusion criteria, but only three presented results in a format that permitted analysis and none could be combined in a meta-analysis. In none of the studies did tartrazine challenge or avoidance in diet significantly alter asthma outcomes.
REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS
Due to the paucity of available evidence, it is not possible to provide firm conclusions as to the effects of tartrazine on asthma control. However, the six RCTs that could be included in this review all arrived at the same conclusion. Routine tartrazine exclusion may not benefit most patients, except those very few individuals with proven sensitivity.
Topics: Asthma; Food Coloring Agents; Humans; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Tartrazine
PubMed: 11687081
DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD000460 -
Environment International Jun 2023Azo dyes are used in textiles and leather clothing. Human exposure can occur from wearing textiles containing azo dyes. Since the body's enzymes and microbiome can...
BACKGROUND
Azo dyes are used in textiles and leather clothing. Human exposure can occur from wearing textiles containing azo dyes. Since the body's enzymes and microbiome can cleave azo dyes, potentially resulting in mutagenic or carcinogenic metabolites, there is also an indirect health concern on the parent compounds. While several hazardous azo dyes are banned, many more are still in use that have not been evaluated systematically for potential health concerns. This systematic evidence map (SEM) aims to compile and categorize the available toxicological evidence on the potential human health risks of a set of 30 market-relevant azo dyes.
METHODS
Peer-reviewed and gray literature was searched and over 20,000 studies were identified. These were filtered using Sciome Workbench for Interactive computer-Facilitated Text-mining (SWIFT) Review software with evidence stream tags (human, animal, in vitro) yielding 12,800 unique records. SWIFT Active (a machine-learning software) further facilitated title/abstract screening. DistillerSR software was used for additional title/abstract, full-text screening, and data extraction.
RESULTS
187 studies were identified that met populations, exposures, comparators, and outcomes (PECO) criteria. From this pool, 54 human, 78 animal, and 61 genotoxicity studies were extracted into a literature inventory. Toxicological evidence was abundant for three azo dyes (also used as food additives) and sparse for five of the remaining 27 compounds. Complementary search in ECHA's REACH database for summaries of unpublished study reports revealed evidence for all 30 dyes. The question arose of how this information can be fed into an SEM process. Proper identification of prioritized dyes from various databases (including U.S. EPA's CompTox Chemicals Dashboard) turned out to be a challenge. Evidence compiled by this SEM project can be evaluated for subsequent use in problem formulation efforts to inform potential regulatory needs and prepare for a more efficient and targeted evaluation in the future for human health assessments.
Topics: Humans; Azo Compounds; Carcinogens; Coloring Agents; Mutagens; Textiles; Environmental Exposure
PubMed: 37224677
DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.107952 -
Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers &... May 2003The Apc(Min/+) mouse model and the azoxymethane (AOM) rat model are the main animal models used to study the effect of dietary agents on colorectal cancer. We reviewed... (Review)
Review
The Apc(Min/+) mouse model and the azoxymethane (AOM) rat model are the main animal models used to study the effect of dietary agents on colorectal cancer. We reviewed recently the potency of chemopreventive agents in the AOM rat model (D. E. Corpet and S. Tache, Nutr. Cancer, 43: 1-21, 2002). Here we add the results of a systematic review of the effect of dietary and chemopreventive agents on the tumor yield in Min mice. The review is based on the results of 179 studies from 71 articles and is displayed also on the internet http://corpet.net/min.(2) We compared the efficacy of agents in the Min mouse model and the AOM rat model, and found that they were correlated (r = 0.66; P < 0.001), although some agents that afford strong protection in the AOM rat and the Min mouse small bowel increase the tumor yield in the large bowel of mutant mice. The agents included piroxicam, sulindac, celecoxib, difluoromethylornithine, and polyethylene glycol. The reason for this discrepancy is not known. We also compare the results of rodent studies with those of clinical intervention studies of polyp recurrence. We found that the effect of most of the agents tested was consistent across the animal and clinical models. Our point is thus: rodent models can provide guidance in the selection of prevention approaches to human colon cancer, in particular they suggest that polyethylene glycol, hesperidin, protease inhibitor, sphingomyelin, physical exercise, epidermal growth factor receptor kinase inhibitor, (+)-catechin, resveratrol, fish oil, curcumin, caffeate, and thiosulfonate are likely important preventive agents.
Topics: Animals; Anticarcinogenic Agents; Azoxymethane; Chemoprevention; Colonic Neoplasms; Diet; Disease Models, Animal; Humans; Mice; Mice, Mutant Strains; Precancerous Conditions; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Rats
PubMed: 12750232
DOI: No ID Found