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Journal of Skin Cancer 2022To estimate the prevalence of cutaneous SCC and BCC in all histologically confirmed skin cancer lesions in African albinos.The following five databases are as follows:...
OBJECTIVE
To estimate the prevalence of cutaneous SCC and BCC in all histologically confirmed skin cancer lesions in African albinos.The following five databases are as follows: African Journals Online (AJOL), PubMed, Europe PMC, and Google Scholar were searched for relevant articles. Study Selection: included studies were case series and cross-sectional studies of histologically confirmed skin cancers in African albinos. Data extraction and synthesis: data extraction and synthesis was informed by the meta-analysis of observational studies in epidemiology guideline. By random effect meta-analysis, we calculated the pooled prevalence of SCC and BCC in skin cancer lesions of the African albinos.
RESULT
We abstracted 695 skin cancer lesions from 540 African albinos (275 male and 241 female albinos with sex not stated in 24 subjects). There were 419 SCCs and 249 BCCs. By meta-analysis, the pooled prevalence of SCC is 64% (95% CI; 50-77%). The prevalence for BCC is 31% (95% CI; 19-45%).
CONCLUSION
Overall, squamous cell carcinoma is the predominant type of keratinocyte carcinoma reported in African albinos. SCC is preponderant in case series of surgical excision biopsies while BCC predominates in studies reporting on albino skin surveillance programmes.
PubMed: 36081682
DOI: 10.1155/2022/5014610 -
Cancers Nov 2021The aim of this study was to examine the association between indoor tanning use and the risk of overall and early-onset (age < 50) melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer... (Review)
Review
The aim of this study was to examine the association between indoor tanning use and the risk of overall and early-onset (age < 50) melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC). To evaluate the association between indoor tanning and skin cancer, a systematic review of the literature published until July 2021 was performed using PubMed, EMBASE, and MEDLINE. Summary relative risk (RR) from 18 studies with 10,406 NMSC cases and 36 studies with 14,583 melanoma cases showed significant association between skin cancer and indoor tanning (melanoma, RR= 1.27, 95% CI 1.16-1.39; NMSC, RR = 1.40, 95% CI 1.18-1.65; squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), RR = 1.58, 95% CI 1.38-1.81; basal cell carcinoma (BCC), RR = 1.24, 95% CI 1.00-1.55). The risk was more pronounced in early-onset skin cancer (melanoma, RR = 1.75, 95% CI 1.14-2.69; NMSC, RR = 1.99, 95% CI 1.48-2.68; SCC, RR = 1.81, 95% CI 1.38-2.37; BCC, RR = 1.75, 95% CI 1.15-2.77). Moreover, first exposure at an early age (age ≤ 20 years) and higher exposure (annual frequency ≥ 10 times) to indoor tanning showed increasing risk for melanoma (RR = 1.47, 95% CI 1.16-1.85; RR = 1.52, 1.22-1.89) and NMSC (RR = 2.02, 95% CI 1.44-2.83; RR = 1.56, 95% CI 1.31-1.86). These findings provide evidence supporting primary prevention policies regulating modifiable behaviors to reduce the additional risk of skin cancer among younger adults.
PubMed: 34885049
DOI: 10.3390/cancers13235940 -
Cancer Management and Research 2022Research in mice showed that vitamin D receptor deficiency was correlated with an increased rate of non-melanoma skin cancer. Therapeutic supplemental vitamin D has also... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Research in mice showed that vitamin D receptor deficiency was correlated with an increased rate of non-melanoma skin cancer. Therapeutic supplemental vitamin D has also been reported to reduce cell growth in both melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer. This paper aims to describe the existing research studies that discuss the potential and role of vitamin D in the management of skin cancer.
METHODS
Articles were searched from three databases (PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus) and manual search. 18 articles were included. These were further divided into in vivo and in vitro studies. The literature search was based on the following Patients, Intervention, Control, and Outcome (PICO) criteria: Patients with any types of skin cancer; Vitamin D and their derivates as the intervention; placebo or standard regimen as control, and survival rate or response rate as primary outcome.
RESULTS
From the three databases, we obtained 802 studies. Prior to screening of the literature obtained, several studies were excluded. In the eligibility assessment, seven studies were excluded due to their outcomes being not eligible for analysis, and two studies were excluded due to inaccessible full texts. The remaining 18 studies were included. Five studies had a clinical research design (randomized controlled trial or interventional study), which use vitamin D3 as vitamin D derivatives and the results showed that the administration of vitamin D3 reduces the proliferation of skin cancer cells. Similar results were also reported in studies with pre-clinical research designs, either in vivo or in vitro, where six were in vivo studies and nine studies were in vitro studies.
CONCLUSION
Our literature review revealed that that vitamin D derivatives, such as 1,25(OH)2D3 or 20(OH)D3 can effectively reduce the proliferation of skin cancer cells by contributing in the inhibition of cell growth and development, highlighting vitamin D's role as good prognostic factor.
PubMed: 36583029
DOI: 10.2147/CMAR.S389591 -
Gut Mar 2022Effective medical therapy and validated trial outcomes are lacking for small bowel Crohn's disease (CD) strictures. Histopathology of surgically resected specimens is...
OBJECTIVE
Effective medical therapy and validated trial outcomes are lacking for small bowel Crohn's disease (CD) strictures. Histopathology of surgically resected specimens is the gold standard for correlation with imaging techniques. However, no validated histopathological scoring systems are currently available for small bowel stricturing disease. We convened an expert panel to evaluate the appropriateness of histopathology scoring systems and items generated based on panel opinion.
DESIGN
Modified RAND/University of California Los Angeles methodology was used to determine the appropriateness of 313 candidate items related to assessment of CD small bowel strictures.
RESULTS
In this exercise, diagnosis of naïve and anastomotic strictures required increased bowel wall thickness, decreased luminal diameter or internal circumference, and fibrosis of the submucosa. Specific definitions for stricture features and technical sampling parameters were also identified. Histopathologically, a stricture was defined as increased thickness of all layers of the bowel wall, fibrosis of the submucosa and bowel wall, and muscularisation of the submucosa. Active mucosal inflammatory disease was defined as neutrophilic inflammation in the lamina propria and any crypt or intact surface epithelium, erosion, ulcer and fistula. Chronic mucosal inflammatory disease was defined as crypt architectural distortion and loss, pyloric gland metaplasia, Paneth cell hyperplasia, basal lymphoplasmacytosis, plasmacytosis and fibrosis, or prominent lymphoid aggregates at the mucosa/submucosa interface. None of the scoring systems used to assess CD strictures were considered appropriate for clinical trials.
CONCLUSION
Standardised assessment of gross pathology and histopathology of CD small bowel strictures will improve clinical trial efficiency and aid drug development.
Topics: Consensus; Constriction, Pathologic; Crohn Disease; Humans; Intestinal Obstruction; Intestine, Large; Severity of Illness Index; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 33952604
DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2021-324374 -
Indian Journal of Otolaryngology and... Oct 2022Orbital Exenteration is a major surgical procedure that consists of the removal of the orbital bone, orbital fat, eyeball, and its contents including extraocular...
Orbital Exenteration is a major surgical procedure that consists of the removal of the orbital bone, orbital fat, eyeball, and its contents including extraocular muscles. It is an extensive and morbid surgical procedure. Our aim is to systematically review the indications, complications and reconstruction methods utilised for orbital exenteration. An objective electronic database search was conducted in PUBMED Central, MeSH, NLM Catalog, Bookshelf, and PUBMED published in 20 years period from 1999 till 2019. A total of 29 articles were shortlisted for the present review. Most of the studies have eyelid and canthus as most common primary site of malignancy leading to orbital exenteration. Basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma being most common pathology. Other intraocular pathology was Retinoblastoma and melanoma. There were various reconstruction methods used by different authors and Sino-orbital fistula was most commonly occurring in majority of studies. Inspite of being a morbid surgery, Orbital Exenteration had acceptable survival and good quality of life. The aggressive pathology that requires orbital exenteration worldwide is mostly periorbital skin, sinus, and intraocular malignancies. The morbidity of the procedure is high with many surgical complications. However, in properly selected patients it can give better outcomes and survival.
PubMed: 36452694
DOI: 10.1007/s12070-020-02270-5 -
American Journal of Transplantation :... Dec 2016Azathioprine, a purine antimetabolite immunosuppressant, photosensitizes the skin and causes the production of mutagenic reactive oxygen species. It is postulated to... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Azathioprine, a purine antimetabolite immunosuppressant, photosensitizes the skin and causes the production of mutagenic reactive oxygen species. It is postulated to increase the risk of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and other skin cancers in organ transplant recipients (OTRs), but evidence from multiple, largely single-center studies to date has been inconsistent. We aimed to resolve the issue of azathioprine's carcinogenicity by conducting a systematic review of the relevant literature and pooling published risk estimates to evaluate the risks of SCC, basal cell carcinoma (BCC), keratinocyte cancers (KCs) overall and other skin cancers in relation to azathioprine treatment. Twenty-seven studies were included in total, with risk estimates from 13 of these studies able to be pooled for quantitative analysis. The overall summary estimate showed a significantly increased risk of SCC in relation to azathioprine exposure (1.56, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.11-2.18). No significant associations between azathioprine treatment and BCC (0.96, 95% CI 0.66-1.40) or KC (0.84, 95% CI 0.59-1.21) risk were observed. There was significant heterogeneity between studies for azathioprine risk estimates and the outcomes of SCC, BCC and KC. The pooled findings of available evidence support the contention that treatment with azathioprine increases the risk of SCC in OTRs.
Topics: Azathioprine; Carcinoma, Basal Cell; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Graft Rejection; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Organ Transplantation; Postoperative Complications; Prognosis; Risk Factors; Skin Neoplasms
PubMed: 27163483
DOI: 10.1111/ajt.13863 -
Cancers Feb 2021Patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) have an increased risk of melanoma compared with the general population. Considering that Nonmelanoma Skin Cancers (NMSCs) share... (Review)
Review
Patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) have an increased risk of melanoma compared with the general population. Considering that Nonmelanoma Skin Cancers (NMSCs) share similar risk factors with melanoma, there is a need to understand a possible connection between PD and NMSCs. The aim of the study was the evaluation of NMSC risk among PD patients via meta-analysis and systematic review. A comprehensive search of PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases was conducted, including studies from January 2000 to April 2020. We identified 16 eligible studies including 140291 PD patients. Upon statistical analysis, a significantly higher risk of developing NMSCs in PD patients was found compared with the control group (odds ratio (OR) = 1.25, 95% CI: 1.17-1.33; < 0.0001). Among all NMSCs, the risk of developing basal cell carcinoma in PD patients was significantly higher (OR = 1.30, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.15-1.47; < 0.0001), contrary to squamous cell carcinoma. Further analysis revealed a significantly higher risk of developing NMSCs in patients with previously diagnosed PD (OR = 1.26, 95% CI: 1.19-1.33; < 0.0001). Our data suggest the necessity for regular skin examination of PD patients, though further studies are required to explore the mechanisms forming this relationship.
PubMed: 33546132
DOI: 10.3390/cancers13040587 -
Molecular Psychiatry Aug 2021Calcium signalling has long been implicated in bipolar disorder, especially by reports of altered intracellular calcium ion concentrations ([Ca]). However, the evidence... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Calcium signalling has long been implicated in bipolar disorder, especially by reports of altered intracellular calcium ion concentrations ([Ca]). However, the evidence has not been appraised critically. We carried out a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies of cellular calcium indices in bipolar disorder. 2281 records were identified and 117 screened, of which 32 were eligible and 21 were suitable for meta-analyses. The latter each involved up to 642 patients and 404 control subjects. We found that basal free intracellular [Ca] is increased in bipolar disorder, both in platelets and in lymphocytes. The effect size is 0.55, with an estimated elevation of 29%. It is observed in medication-free patients. It is present in mania and bipolar depression, but data are equivocal for euthymia. Cells from bipolar disorder individuals also show an enhanced [Ca] response to stimulation with 5-HT or thrombin, by an estimated 25%, with an effect size of 0.63. In studies which included other diagnoses, intracellular basal [Ca] was higher in bipolar disorder than in unipolar depression, but not significantly different from schizophrenia. Functional parameters of cellular Ca (e.g. calcium transients), and neuronal [Ca], have been much less investigated, and no firm conclusions can be drawn. In summary, there is a robust, medium effect size elevation of basal and stimulated free intracellular [Ca] in bipolar disorder. The results suggest altered calcium functioning in the disorder, and encourage further investigations into the underlying mechanisms, and the implications for pathophysiology and therapeutics.
Topics: Bipolar Disorder; Blood Platelets; Calcium; Depressive Disorder; Humans; Schizophrenia
PubMed: 31801967
DOI: 10.1038/s41380-019-0622-y -
Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) May 2022To systematically review the clinicopathological features of oral warty keratoma based on published literature. (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
To systematically review the clinicopathological features of oral warty keratoma based on published literature.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
PubMed and Scopus databases were searched for reports of oral warty dyskeratoma. Of the 52 identified articles, only 25 articles (43 cases) satisfied the selection criteria (case report/series in the English language reporting clinicopathologically diagnosed oral warty dyskeratoma/oral focal acantholytic keratosis/oral isolated dyskeratosis follicularis in humans). Risk of bias was assessed using the Joanna Briggs institute critical appraisal checklist for case reports and case series.
RESULTS
Most cases had well-circumscribed, white, nodular verruco-papillary lesions with a central depressed/crater-like area. Alveolar ridges were the most frequent sites of occurrence and tobacco was the most commonly associated risk factor. Histopathologically, the most pathognomonic feature was the supra-basal clefting. The cleft had dyskeratotic acantholytic cells (corps ronds, and grains). Below the cleft were projections of the connective tissue villi lined by basal cells. The basal cells in a few cases exhibited hyperplasia in the form of budding into the stroma, but epithelial dysplasia was not reported. The surface epithelium had crypts filled with keratin debris.
CONCLUSION
Oral warty dyskeratoma is a rare solitary self-limiting benign entity, which due to its clinical and histopathological resemblance and associated habit history could be misdiagnosed as leukoplakia or carcinoma. None of the assessed articles provided molecular data, which in turn could be the reason for the lack of insight into the etiopathogenesis of this enigmatic lesion.
PubMed: 35626429
DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12051273 -
The British Journal of Dermatology Feb 2021Individual studies have suggested that the association between occupational exposure to solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR) and the development of keratinocyte cancers... (Review)
Review
Individual studies have suggested that the association between occupational exposure to solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR) and the development of keratinocyte cancers (KCs) may only be valid in populations of European ancestry living in certain geographical regions. Comparative global data are scarce and so this review aimed to summarize current evidence on the association between occupational exposure to solar UVR and the development of KCs, with a specific focus on geographical location and skin colour. Ovid MEDLINE, PubMed, Embase and Web of Science were searched for potentially relevant records. Extracted data were summarized by study, country and region. We included one prospective cohort study and 18 case-control studies (n = 15 233) from 12 countries in regions where the majority of the population is white skinned (Americas, Europe and Oceania). Eighteen of the 19 studies reported effect estimates suggesting an increased risk of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and/or squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) among outdoor workers. Only 11 studies found a significantly increased risk and many had imprecise estimates. There was a significantly increased risk of BCC and SCC in individual studies in North America, Latin America and the Caribbean, Western Europe and Southern Europe, but not across regions or countries. Overall, 95% of studies reported higher risks among outdoor workers, although the increases in risk were statistically significant in just over half of the studies. Well-designed and sufficiently powered occupational case-control and cohort studies with adequate adjustment for confounding factors and other risk factors are required to provide more accurate risk estimates for occupational KC.
Topics: Carcinoma, Basal Cell; Caribbean Region; Europe; Humans; Keratinocytes; North America; Occupational Diseases; Occupational Exposure; Prospective Studies; Skin Neoplasms; Sunlight; Ultraviolet Rays
PubMed: 32320481
DOI: 10.1111/bjd.19152