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Heliyon Sep 2020To assess clinical studies that compare synthetic or enriched natural materials to autologous osseous grafts among individuals with cleft lip and palate to determine... (Review)
Review
Evaluation of density, volume, height and rate of bone resorption of substitutes of autologous bone grafts for the repair of alveolar clefts in humans: A systematic review.
OBJECTIVE
To assess clinical studies that compare synthetic or enriched natural materials to autologous osseous grafts among individuals with cleft lip and palate to determine which would be the substitute to autologous bone graft for alveolar cleft repair in humans.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Randomized and controlled clinical trials on alveolar clefts treated with synthetic bone substitutes and autogenous bone grafts combined with osteoinductive factors compared with autogenous bone grafts alone (with ≥4-month follow-up and reporting clinical/radiographic data) were considered eligible. MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Central databases were searched for articles published until February 2020.
RESULTS
Of 73 eligible articles, 15 were included. Some inductive factors along with iliac crest bone decreased bone reabsorption, preserved the generated bone height/width, and reduced the required autologous bone graft volume. Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP2) as an autologous bone graft substitute, demonstrated satisfactory alveolar defect healing, by avoiding autograft use. Many materials did not yield better outcomes than did autologous grafts; however, hydroxyapatite and collagen complex, hydroxyapatite agarose composite gel, acellular dermal matrix film, fibrin glue, platelet-rich plasma, and deproteinized bovine bone showed similar bone healing outcomes, being an alternative alveolar defect treatment.
CONCLUSIONS
BMP2, as an osteoinductive factor along with a synthetic matrix, yields satisfactory bone healing and avoids the need for autologous bone grafts. However, high-quality RCTs are necessary to determine the most effective and safe concentration and protocol of BMP2 utilization as a substitute for the autologous iliac crest bone grafting.
PubMed: 32954025
DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04646 -
Annals of the New York Academy of... Mar 2022Insufficient calcium intake during pregnancy may lead to maternal bone resorption and lower bone density of offspring. We evaluated the impact of supplementary calcium... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Insufficient calcium intake during pregnancy may lead to maternal bone resorption and lower bone density of offspring. We evaluated the impact of supplementary calcium with or without vitamin D during pregnancy on maternal and offspring bone mineral density (BMD) and teeth firmness of the offspring. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were searched systematically in 11 databases. Two researchers independently screened the titles and abstracts of 3555 records and the full texts of 31 records to examine eligibility. The search yielded seven RCTs (11 reports, n = 1566). No advantage of calcium supplementation was found on maternal BMD after delivery or during breastfeeding, or on offspring BMD, even when dietary calcium intake was low. The results were neither modified by the dose of calcium nor concomitant vitamin D administration. A suspicion of some long-term harm of the intervention on maternal BMD and growth of female offspring was raised based on the data. One study suggested some benefit of high-dose calcium supplementation on offspring teeth firmness at 12 years old. A low number of the studies and abundant missing data reduced the quality of the findings. The impact of calcium supplementation on maternal and offspring bone health was deemed unknown because of inconclusive research results.
Topics: Bone Density; Calcium; Calcium, Dietary; Child; Dietary Supplements; Female; Humans; Pregnancy; Vitamin D; Vitamins
PubMed: 34780069
DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14705 -
Clinical Interventions in Aging 2017Epidemiologic and clinical data have suggested the existence of a biologic linkage between the bone system and the vascular system. Bisphosphonates (BPs) are effective... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Epidemiologic and clinical data have suggested the existence of a biologic linkage between the bone system and the vascular system. Bisphosphonates (BPs) are effective inhibitors of bone resorption and are currently considered the drugs of choice for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis and related fractures. Data from several publications have suggested that BPs may also be effective in reducing the atherosclerotic process and vascular calcification, but the results of these studies are contrasting. This review aimed to allow a better understanding of the relationships between BPs and atherosclerosis in humans.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Electronic databases of Pubmed-Medline, Cochrane Library and SCOPUS from inception to June 30, 2016 were searched. The full texts of the articles potentially eligible were carefully assessed and reviewed. Finally, 20 studies were found to be eligible and were included in the systematic review. All included studies were published between 2000 and 2014.
RESULTS
In several studies, etidronate limited the progression of aortic and coronary calcification in hemodialysis patients, whereas the nitrogen-containing-BPs given orally did not significantly reduce vascular calcifications in patients with chronic kidney disease, kidney trasplant or in those with osteoporosis. Nitrogen-containing-BPs present favorable effects both on vessel wall thickness and on arterial elasticity due to both a reduction in serum lipids and the interaction of BPs with the bone tissue, with the consequent release of bone turnover markers and cytokines into the bloodstream.
CONCLUSION
To sum up, the BPs seem to have the potential of influencing atherosclerosis and calcium homeostasis at the level of vascular walls with several possible mechanisms which may differ according to the type, potency, dosage and administration route of BPs. Additional studies are needed to specifically address the mechanism by which BP use could influence cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.
Topics: Atherosclerosis; Bone Density Conservation Agents; Bone and Bones; Diphosphonates; Humans; Osteoporosis; Vascular Calcification
PubMed: 29133976
DOI: 10.2147/CIA.S138002 -
Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2021Caffeic acid is a metabolite of hydroxycinnamate and phenylpropanoid, which are commonly synthesized by all plant species. It is present in various food sources that are...
PURPOSE
Caffeic acid is a metabolite of hydroxycinnamate and phenylpropanoid, which are commonly synthesized by all plant species. It is present in various food sources that are known for their antioxidant properties. As an antioxidant, caffeic acid ameliorates reactive oxygen species, which have been reported to cause bone loss. Some studies have highlighted the effects of caffeic acid against bone resorption.
METHODS
A systematic review of the literature was conducted to identify relevant studies on the effects of caffeic acid on bone. A comprehensive search was conducted from July to November 2020 using PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library and Web of Science databases. Cellular, animal and human studies reporting the effects of caffeic acid, as a single compound, on bone cells or bone were considered.
RESULTS
The literature search found 226 articles on this topic, but only 24 articles met the inclusion criteria and were included in this review. The results showed that caffeic acid supplementation reduced osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption, possibly through its antioxidant potential and increased expression of osteoblast markers. However, some studies showed that caffeic acid did not affect bone resorption in ovariectomized rats and might impair bone mechanical properties in normal rats.
CONCLUSION
Caffeic acid potentially regulates the bone remodelling process by inhibiting osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption, as well as osteoblast apoptosis. Thus, it has medicinal values against bone diseases.
Topics: Animals; Bone Resorption; Bone and Bones; Caffeic Acids; Humans; Osteogenesis
PubMed: 33519191
DOI: 10.2147/DDDT.S287280 -
NPJ Microgravity 2020Bone loss in space travelers is a major challenge for long-duration space exploration. To quantify microgravity-induced bone loss in humans, we performed a meta-analysis...
Bone loss in space travelers is a major challenge for long-duration space exploration. To quantify microgravity-induced bone loss in humans, we performed a meta-analysis of studies systematically identified from searching Medline, Embase, Web of Science, BIOSIS, NASA Technical reports, and HathiTrust, with the last update in November 2019. From 25 articles selected to minimize the overlap between reported populations, we extracted post-flight bone density values for 148 individuals, and in-flight and post-flight biochemical bone marker values for 124 individuals. A percentage difference in bone density relative to pre-flight was positive in the skull, +2.2% [95% confidence interval: +1.1, +3.3]; neutral in the thorax/upper limbs, -0.7% [-1.3, -0.2]; and negative in the lumbar spine/pelvis, -6.2 [-6.7, -5.6], and lower limbs, -5.4% [-6.0, -4.9]. In the lower limb region, the rate of bone loss was -0.8% [-1.1, -0.5] per month. Bone resorption markers increased hyperbolically with a time to half-max of 11 days [9, 13] and plateaued at 113% [108, 117] above pre-flight levels. Bone formation markers remained unchanged during the first 30 days and increased thereafter at 7% [5, 10] per month. Upon landing, resorption markers decreased to pre-flight levels at an exponential rate that was faster after longer flights, while formation markers increased linearly at 84% [39, 129] per month for 3-5 months post-flight. Microgravity-induced bone changes depend on the skeletal-site position relative to the gravitational vector. Post-flight recovery depends on spaceflight duration and is limited to a short post-flight period during which bone formation exceeds resorption.
PubMed: 32411816
DOI: 10.1038/s41526-020-0103-2 -
Complementary Therapies in Clinical... Aug 2021To systematically evaluate the effectiveness of balneotherapy and/or aquatic exercise on bone metabolism. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
OBJECTIVE
To systematically evaluate the effectiveness of balneotherapy and/or aquatic exercise on bone metabolism.
DESIGN
A systematic literature search was conducted from inception to January 4, 2021. Standardized mean differences (SMDs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using a fixed-effect model according to study heterogeneity.
RESULTS
Seven articles involving 467 participants were selected. Three balneotherapy studies were qualitatively integrated. The results showed that bone resorption slowed down with or without stimulation of bone formation. A pooled meta-analysis of four studies on aquatic exercise showed significant evidence for a reduction in parathyroid hormone (PTH; SMD = -0.71; 95% CI, -1.04 to -0.38; P < 0.001), and a significant increase in osteocalcin (OC; SMD = 0.60; 95% CI, 0.16 to 1.03; P = 0.007) after aquatic exercise.
CONCLUSION
Balneotherapy and aquatic exercise had significant effects on bone metabolism, reducing bone resorption and/or increasing bone formation. This study highlights the importance of balneotherapy and aquatic exercise for bone health.
Topics: Balneology; Exercise; Exercise Therapy; Humans; Hydrotherapy
PubMed: 34167042
DOI: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2021.101429 -
Polymers Apr 2021Alveolar bone ridge resorption occurred after natural teeth loss and it can restrict the possibility of dental implants placement. The use of bone regenerative... (Review)
Review
Alveolar bone ridge resorption occurred after natural teeth loss and it can restrict the possibility of dental implants placement. The use of bone regenerative procedures is frequently required. The existing evidence regarding the efficacy of horizontal bone ridge augmentation trough guided bone regeneration (GBR) using polymeric membranes was stated. A systematic review and meta-analysis were performed. Electronic and manual literature searches were conducted. Screening process was done using the National Library of Medicine (MEDLINE by PubMed), Embase, and the Cochrane Oral Health. Included articles were randomized controlled trials and observational studies. Weighted means were calculated. Heterogeneity was determined using Higgins (2). If I2 > 50% a random-effects model was applied. It was found that the mean of horizontal bone gain was 3.95 mm, ranging from 3.19 to 4.70 mm (confidence interval 95%). Heterogeneity is I2 = 99% (confidence interval 95%) and significance of the random-effects model was < 0.001. The complications rate was 8.4% and membrane exposure was the most frequent. Through this study, we were able to conclude that the existing scientific evidence suggests that GBR using polymeric membranes is a predictable technique for achieving horizontal bone augmentation, thus, permitting a proper further implant placement.
PubMed: 33917475
DOI: 10.3390/polym13071172 -
Journal of Bone and Mineral Research :... Jan 2023Osteoporosis has traditionally been characterized by underlying endocrine mechanisms, though evidence indicates a role of inflammation in its pathophysiology.... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Osteoporosis has traditionally been characterized by underlying endocrine mechanisms, though evidence indicates a role of inflammation in its pathophysiology. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a component of gram-negative bacteria that reside in the intestines, can be released into circulation and stimulate the immune system, upregulating bone resorption. Exogenous LPS is used in rodent models to study the effect of systemic inflammation on bone, and to date a variety of different doses, routes, and durations of LPS administration have been used. The study objective was to determine whether systemic administration of LPS induced inflammatory bone loss in rodent models. A systematic search of Medline and four other databases resulted in a total of 110 studies that met the inclusion criteria. Pooled standardized mean differences (SMDs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) with a random-effects meta-analyses were used for bone volume fraction (BV/TV) and volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD). Heterogeneity was quantified using the I statistic. Shorter-term (<2 weeks) and longer-term (>2 weeks) LPS interventions were analyzed separately because of intractable study design differences. BV/TV was significantly reduced in both shorter-term (SMD = -3.79%, 95% CI [-4.20, -3.38], I 62%; p < 0.01) and longer-term (SMD = -1.50%, 95% CI [-2.00, -1.00], I 78%; p < 0.01) studies. vBMD was also reduced in both shorter-term (SMD = -3.11%, 95% CI [-3.78, -2.44]; I 72%; p < 0.01) and longer-term (SMD = -3.49%, 95% CI [-4.94, -2.04], I 82%; p < 0.01) studies. In both groups, regardless of duration, LPS negatively impacted trabecular bone structure but not cortical bone structure, and an upregulation in bone resorption demonstrated by bone cell staining and serum biomarkers was reported. This suggests systemically delivered exogenous LPS in rodents is a viable model for studying inflammatory bone loss, particularly in trabecular bone. © 2022 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Topics: Animals; Lipopolysaccharides; Rodentia; Bone Density; Bone Diseases, Metabolic; Bone Resorption; Inflammation; Absorptiometry, Photon
PubMed: 36401814
DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4740 -
International Journal of Environmental... Sep 2020: to assess the radiological marginal bone loss between bone-level or tissue-level dental implants through a systematic review of literature until September 2019. :...
: to assess the radiological marginal bone loss between bone-level or tissue-level dental implants through a systematic review of literature until September 2019. : MEDLINE, Embase and other database were searched by two independent authors including only English articles. : The search provided 1028 records and, after removing the duplicates through titles and abstracts screening, 45 full-text articles were assessed for eligibility. For qualitative analysis 20 articles were included, 17 articles of them for quantitative analysis counting a total of 1161 patients (mean age 54.4 years) and 2933 implants, 1427 inserted at Tissue-level (TL) and 1506 inserted at Bone-level (BL). The survival rate and the success rate were more than 90%, except for 2 studies with a success rate of 88% and 86.2%. No studies reported any differences between groups in term of success and survival rates. Three studies showed that BL-implants had statistically less marginal bone loss ( < 0.05). Only one study reported statistically less marginal bone loss in TL-implants ( < 0.05). : In the most part of the studies, differences between implant types in marginal bone loss were not statistically significant after a variable period of follow-up ranged between 1 and 5 years.
Topics: Alveolar Bone Loss; Bone and Bones; Dental Implants; Dental Restoration Failure; Humans; Longitudinal Studies; Middle Aged; Prospective Studies; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 32971869
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17186920 -
ORAL & Implantology 2016The amount of marginal bone loss is considered an important criterion to evaluate the implant therapy outcome and to predict the prognosis of the implant rehabilitation.... (Review)
Review
The amount of marginal bone loss is considered an important criterion to evaluate the implant therapy outcome and to predict the prognosis of the implant rehabilitation. The purpose of this systematic review was to examine the available literature comparing clinical and radiological outcomes like the implant failure rates and marginal bone loss around platform switching dental implants platform matching ones. English randomized controlled human clinical trials, comparing one or more PS groups with one or more PM groups, with at least 12 months of follow-up after loading and 10 implants, providing carefully the number of PS- and PM- implants used as well as implant survival and data concerning bone level changes or marginal bone loss around implants, were included. Fifteen publications, involving a total of 1439 implants and 642 patients, were eligible. More studies showed less mean marginal bone loss around PS implants and none of them showed differences in terms of implant failure rates. This review confirmed a great effectiveness of platform switching technique to prevent marginal bone resorption. Nevertheless, this result should be interpreted cautiously because of the heterogeneity of the included studies.
PubMed: 28042425
DOI: 10.11138/orl/2016.9.1.001