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Laryngoscope Investigative... Oct 2023To systematically review the prevalence and risk factors of inadvertent facial nerve stimulation (FNS) after cochlear implant (CI) surgery. And to report the different... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVES
To systematically review the prevalence and risk factors of inadvertent facial nerve stimulation (FNS) after cochlear implant (CI) surgery. And to report the different management strategies used for reducing and resolving FNS.
DATA SOURCE
Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Virtual Health Library (VHL) of the World Health Organization (WHO).
REVIEW METHODS
A systematic review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) on studies that reported FNS as a complication after CI. A comprehensive electronic search strategy was used to identify the relevant articles. We extracted the data on the prevalence of FNS after CI activation, the reported grades, and the management strategies. The number of associated electrodes; cause of deafness; co-anomalies; and duration of hearing loss and their relationships with FNS were also studied.
RESULTS
Twenty-one relevant articles were included in this review. The prevalence of FNS among the CI populations was 5.29% (175/3306 patients). Among those whose ages were reported, 58.3% (95/163) were adults, and 41.7% (68/163) were pediatrics. Modifying the different fitting parameters was the most used strategy, as it successfully resolved FNS in 85.5% of the patients (142/166). The second commonly used management strategy was surgical intervention (reimplantation or explantation), which was reported in seven studies for 23 patients.
CONCLUSION
FNS after CI activation could be controlled and resolved with many advances that range from readjusting the fitting parameters to surgical intervention. However, further studies are required to validate the efficacy of each management strategy and its impact on patients' performance. Our findings demonstrate that CI recipients with FNS could still benefit from the CI devices and their FNS could be controlled.
PubMed: 37899846
DOI: 10.1002/lio2.1121 -
Geriatric Nursing (New York, N.Y.) 2022As sensory loss may impact the ability to receive and apply health information, a relationship between sensory loss and health literacy may exist. The purpose of this...
OBJECTIVES
As sensory loss may impact the ability to receive and apply health information, a relationship between sensory loss and health literacy may exist. The purpose of this systematic review was to explore the relationship between hearing, vision and dual sensory loss and health literacy in older adults.
METHODS
Studies examining the relationship between sensory loss and health literacy in older adult populations using a validated health literacy instrument were included. The search was conducted in the CINAHL, PubMed, Scopus, AgeLine and REHABdata databases in May-June 2021.
RESULTS
Nine studies were included. Findings revealed a positive association between hearing and vision loss and low health literacy.
DISCUSSION
This review highlights a relationship between hearing and vision loss and low health literacy. The small number of studies and overall heterogeneity of study methods limits strength of this evidence. Individuals with sensory loss may benefit from additional clinician support in receiving and applying health information.
Topics: Aged; Deaf-Blind Disorders; Health Literacy; Hearing Tests; Humans; Vision Disorders
PubMed: 35779376
DOI: 10.1016/j.gerinurse.2022.06.003 -
The Cochrane Database of Systematic... Jan 2017Nitric oxide (NO) is a major endogenous regulator of vascular tone. Inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) gas has been investigated as treatment for persistent pulmonary... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Nitric oxide (NO) is a major endogenous regulator of vascular tone. Inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) gas has been investigated as treatment for persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn.
OBJECTIVES
To determine whether treatment of hypoxaemic term and near-term newborn infants with iNO improves oxygenation and reduces rate of death and use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), or affects long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes.
SEARCH METHODS
We used the standard search strategy of the Cochrane Neonatal Review Group to search the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL; 2016, Issue 1), MEDLINE via PubMed (1966 to January 2016), Embase (1980 to January 2016) and the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL; 1982 to January 2016). We searched clinical trials databases, conference proceedings and reference lists of retrieved articles for randomised controlled trials and quasi-randomised trials. We contacted the principal investigators of studies published as abstracts to ascertain the necessary information.
SELECTION CRITERIA
Randomised studies of iNO in term and near-term infants with hypoxic respiratory failure, with clinically relevant outcomes, including death, use of ECMO and oxygenation.
DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
We analysed trial reports to assess methodological quality using the criteria of the Cochrane Neonatal Review Group. We tabulated mortality, oxygenation, short-term clinical outcomes (particularly use of ECMO) and long-term developmental outcomes.
STATISTICS
For categorical outcomes, we calculated typical estimates for risk ratios and risk differences. For continuous variables, we calculated typical estimates for weighted mean differences. We used 95% confidence intervals and assumed a fixed-effect model for meta-analysis.
MAIN RESULTS
We found 17 eligible randomised controlled studies that included term and near-term infants with hypoxia.Ten trials compared iNO versus control (placebo or standard care without iNO) in infants with moderate or severe severity of illness scores (Ninos 1996; Roberts 1996; Wessel 1996; Davidson 1997; Ninos 1997; Mercier 1998; Christou 2000; Clark 2000; INNOVO 2007; Liu 2008). Mercier 1998 compared iNO versus control but allowed back-up treatment with iNO for infants who continued to satisfy the same criteria for severity of illness after two hours. This trial enrolled both preterm and term infants but reported most results separately for the two groups. Ninos 1997 studied only infants with congenital diaphragmatic hernia.One trial compared iNO versus high-frequency ventilation (Kinsella 1997).Six trials enrolled infants with moderate severity of illness scores (oxygenation index (OI) or alveolar-arterial oxygen difference (A-aDO2)) and randomised them to immediate iNO treatment or iNO treatment only after deterioration to more severe criteria (Barefield 1996; Day 1996; Sadiq 1998; Cornfield 1999; Konduri 2004; Gonzalez 2010).Inhaled nitric oxide appears to have improved outcomes in hypoxaemic term and near-term infants by reducing the incidence of the combined endpoint of death or use of ECMO (high-quality evidence). This reduction was due to a reduction in use of ECMO (with number needed to treat for an additional beneficial outcome (NNTB) of 5.3); mortality was not affected. Oxygenation was improved in approximately 50% of infants receiving iNO. The OI was decreased by a (weighted) mean of 15.1 within 30 to 60 minutes after the start of therapy, and partial pressure of arterial oxygen (PaO2) was increased by a mean of 53 mmHg. Whether infants had clear echocardiographic evidence of persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN) did not appear to affect response to iNO. Outcomes of infants with diaphragmatic hernia were not improved; outcomes were slightly, but not significantly, worse with iNO (moderate-quality evidence).Infants who received iNO at less severe criteria did not have better clinical outcomes than those who were enrolled but received treatment only if their condition deteriorated. Fewer of the babies who received iNO early satisfied late treatment criteria, showing that earlier iNO reduced progression of the disease but did not further decrease mortality nor the need for ECMO (moderate-quality evidence). Incidence of disability, incidence of deafness and infant development scores were all similar between tested survivors who received iNO and those who did not.
AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS
Inhaled nitric oxide is effective at an initial concentration of 20 ppm for term and near-term infants with hypoxic respiratory failure who do not have a diaphragmatic hernia.
Topics: Administration, Inhalation; Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation; Hernia, Diaphragmatic; High-Frequency Ventilation; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Nitric Oxide; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Respiratory Insufficiency; Term Birth; Vasodilator Agents
PubMed: 28056166
DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD000399.pub3 -
Otology & Neurotology Open Dec 2021To assess outcomes in autoimmune inner ear disease (AIED) after cochlear implantation (CI) through systematic review and meta-analysis.
OBJECTIVE
To assess outcomes in autoimmune inner ear disease (AIED) after cochlear implantation (CI) through systematic review and meta-analysis.
DATABASES REVIEWED
PubMed, MedLine, Embase, and CINAHL.
METHODS
Databases were queried for inclusion of AIED patients who underwent CI with outcomes recorded ≥3 months postoperatively. We examined demographics, pure-tone average (PTA), speech perception, preoperative imaging, intraoperative management, and postoperative complications.
RESULTS
Twenty-six articles encompassing 124 patients met inclusion criteria. Mean implantation age was 26.2 years (range 4-65 years) with average length of follow-up at 28.2 months (range 3-120 months). Meta-analysis demonstrated significant improvement in speech perception following CI. There was a statistically significant improvement in speech recognition score (SRS) (standard mean difference [SMD] = 6.5, 95% confidence interval [CI], 4.8-8.0, < 0.0001) as well as word recognition score (WRS) (SMD = 5.5, 95% CI, 4.2-6.8, < 0.0001) after CI. Anomalous preoperative radiologic manifestations were reported by 57.7% (15/26) studies. Disease activity-related intraoperative adjustment was noted in 57.7% (15/26) studies; common consequences were cochlear drill-out (53.3%), difficult round window insertion (26.7%), and scala vestibuli insertion (26.7%). Frequent postoperative complications noted in 26.9% (7/26) studies included systemic AIED flares (71.4%) and wound healing delay (42.9%).
CONCLUSION
Findings of this systematic review of AIED cochlear implant literature demonstrate a lack of consistent reporting standards for PTA and speech perception as well as a lack of long-term follow-up. Despite these findings, meta-analysis suggests that CI is a viable treatment for improving speech perception in AIED patients.
PubMed: 38550355
DOI: 10.1097/ONO.0000000000000006 -
European Review For Medical and... Feb 2023Noise is still today one of the main causes of occupational diseases; in fact, in Italy in the three-year period 2019-2022, hearing loss represented 15% of all...
OBJECTIVE
Noise is still today one of the main causes of occupational diseases; in fact, in Italy in the three-year period 2019-2022, hearing loss represented 15% of all occupational diseases recognized by the National Institute for Insurance against Accidents at Work. The extra-auditory effects related to noise exposure also require particular attention, because they can interfere with mental activities that require concentration, memory and ability to deal with complex problems, causing sleep and learning disorders. For this reason, acoustic comfort is considered a fundamental requirement for obtaining an optimal degree of well-being in closed environments. In schools, a high degree of noise pollution not only makes it difficult for students to listen and learn, but also affects school workers. The aim of this study was to perform a systematic review of international literature and analysis of the preventive measures of extra-auditory effects among school workers.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The presentation of this systematic review is in accordance with the PRISMA statement. The methodological quality of the selected studies was assessed with specific rating tools (INSA, Newcastle Ottawa Scale, JADAD, JBI scale and AMSTAR). Only publications in English were selected. No restrictions were applied for the publication type. We excluded articles not concerned with the extra-auditory effects of noise exposure in school workers and preventive measures, findings of less academic significance, editorial articles, individual contributions, and purely descriptive studies published in scientific conferences.
RESULTS
Online research indicated 4,363 references: PubMed (2,319), Scopus (1,615) and Cochrane Library (429) have been consulted; 30 studies were included in this review (5 narrative or systematic reviews and 25 original articles). Regarding the scores of narrative reviews, the INSA score showed an average and a median value of 6.5, thus indicating an intermediate/high quality of the studies. Regarding the scores of systematic reviews, the AMSTAR score showed an average of 6.7 and a median and a modal value of 6, thus indicating a high quality of the studies. The scores assigned to the original articles have an average and median value of 7 and a modal value of 6 and this demonstrates an intermediate/high quality of the studies.
CONCLUSIONS
We can assume that, as it is highlighted by this study, to date these consequences are not considered at the legislative level for the protection of exposed workers. The extra-auditory effects impacting health afterward environmental noise exposure are many and widespread. Therefore, there is a need for interventions to be carried out by institutions and that the physician of the schools, during health surveillance, investigates the effects and clinical manifestations, in order to prevent disorders and deficits highlighted by our study.
Topics: Humans; Deafness; Environmental Exposure; Occupational Diseases; Schools
PubMed: 36876686
DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202302_31386 -
Frontiers in Neurology 2022Tinnitus is defined as the subjective perception of sound in the absence of an external stimulus, and tinnitus disorder becomes relevant when it is associated with...
BACKGROUND
Tinnitus is defined as the subjective perception of sound in the absence of an external stimulus, and tinnitus disorder becomes relevant when it is associated with emotional distress, cognitive dysfunction, and/or autonomic arousal. Hearing loss is recognized as the main risk factor for the pathogenesis of tinnitus. However, clinical guidelines for tinnitus disorder provide little direction for those who have severe-to-profound hearing loss including those who are pre-lingually Deaf. The aim of this scoping review was to catalogue what is known from the existing literature regarding the experience and management of tinnitus in adults who have a severe-to-profound hearing loss.
SUMMARY
A scoping review was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Item for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis extension for Scoping Reviews. Records were included if they reported an evaluation of tinnitus in adults who had severe-to-profound hearing loss. The online databases Ovid (MEDLINE, EMBASE and PsycINFO), CINAHL, ProQuest, Scopus, and Google Scholar were searched using the search terms 'tinnitus' (as a MESH term) and 'deaf' OR 'profound hearing loss. Thirty-five records met the inclusion criteria for this review and were cataloged according to three major themes: Impact of tinnitus in deaf adults; Primary treatment of tinnitus in deaf adults; and Cochlear implant studies where tinnitus was a secondary outcome. Tinnitus symptom severity was assessed before and after intervention using tinnitus validated questionnaires in 29 records, with six further records using other assessment tools to measure tinnitus severity. Participants using cochlear implants were included in 30 studies. Medication, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), electrical promontory stimulation, and behavioral self-control therapy were each reported in single records.
KEY MESSAGES
This scoping review cataloged the experience, assessment, and treatment of tinnitus in adults who have severe-to-profound hearing loss. It is shown that there is very limited research reported in this field. Although this review included many records, most focused on the provision of cochlear implants for severe-to-profound hearing loss, with assessment and measurement of tinnitus as a baseline or secondary outcome. Largely missing in the literature are empirical studies that seek firstly to understand the nature of the experience of tinnitus by people with no or little residual access to external sound.
PubMed: 36388182
DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.1004059 -
Scientific Reports Sep 2018Streptococcus suis (S. suis) is a gram-positive bacterial pathogen in pigs which can cause serious infections in human including meningitis, and septicaemia resulting in... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Streptococcus suis (S. suis) is a gram-positive bacterial pathogen in pigs which can cause serious infections in human including meningitis, and septicaemia resulting in serious complications. There were discrepancies between different data and little is known concerning associated risk factors of S. suis. A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to investigate on S. suis infection risk factors in human. We searched eight relevant databases using the MeSH terms "Streptococcus suis" OR "Streptococcus suis AND infection" limited in human with no time nor language restriction. Out of 4,999 articles identified, 32 and 3 studies were included for systematic review and meta-analysis respectively with a total of 1,454 Streptococcus suis cases reported. S. suis patients were generally adult males and the elderly. The mean age ranged between 37 to 63 years. Meningitis was the most common clinical manifestation, and deafness was the most common sequelae found among survivors followed by vestibular dysfunction. Infective endocarditis was also noted as among the most common clinical presentations associated with high mortality rate in a few studies. Meta-analyses categorized by type of control groups (community control, and non-S. suis sepsis) were done among 850 participants in 3 studies. The combined odd ratios for studies using community control groups and non-S. Suis sepsis as controls respectively were 4.63 (95% CI 2.94-7.29) and 78.00 (95% CI 10.38-585.87) for raw pork consumption, 4.01 (95% CI 2.61-6.15) and 3.03 (95% CI 1.61-5.68) for exposure to pigs or pork, 11.47, (95% CI 5.68-23.14) and 3.07 (95% CI 1.81-5.18) for pig-related occupation and 3.56 (95% CI 2.18-5.80) and 5.84 (95% CI 2.76-12.36) for male sex. The results were found to be significantly associated with S. suis infection and there was non-significant heterogeneity. History of skin injury and underlying diseases were noted only a small percentage in most studies. Setting up an effective screening protocol and public health interventions would be effective to enhance understanding about the disease.
Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Animals; Endocarditis; Female; Humans; Male; Meningitis, Bacterial; Middle Aged; Risk Factors; Sex Factors; Streptococcal Infections; Streptococcus suis; Swine
PubMed: 30190575
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31598-w -
The Journal of International Advanced... Sep 2021Vestibular schwannomas (VS) frequently lead to ipsilateral sensorineural hearing loss (HL) as part of its natural history or as a result of treatment. Cochlear...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
Vestibular schwannomas (VS) frequently lead to ipsilateral sensorineural hearing loss (HL) as part of its natural history or as a result of treatment. Cochlear implantation represents a well-documented treatment of profound HL that cannot be treated adequately with a conventional hearing aid, thus being offered to selected VS patients. A functional cochlea and cochlear nerve are prerequisites for sound perception with a cochlear implant (CI). The potential impact of radiotherapy on these structures is thus an important issue for subsequent CI hearing outcomes. The objective of this article is to present a case and to review the existing literature on the outcomes of cochlear implantation in irradiated VS patients systematically.
METHODS
A systematic literature review using preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses was conducted. Medline was searched systematically. Papers reporting ipsilateral CI outcomes after radiotherapy of VS were included. Additionally, results of CI after stereotactic radiotherapy in a 54-year-old male with neurofibromatosis type 2 are presented.
RESULTS
A total of 14 papers (33 patients) fulfilled inclusion criteria. Moderate preoperative HL was found in 11 patients. Six had moderate to severe HL, whereas 16 had severe HL or total deafness. Postoperative hearing outcomes varied from poor in 27% of patients to excellent in 19%, with remaining cases lying in between (mean follow-up of 19 months). Most patients achieved improvement in hearing and quality of life.
CONCLUSION
Despite variation in the degree of hearing outcome, CI after radiotherapy of VS appears to be effective in the majority of cases, as more than 70% of patients have good or excellent outcomes within 1-2 years post-implantation. Subjective benefits are considerable, even in cases with relatively poor objective outcome.
Topics: Cochlear Implantation; Cochlear Implants; Hearing Loss, Sensorineural; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Neuroma, Acoustic; Quality of Life; Speech Perception; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 34617898
DOI: 10.5152/iao.2021.21008 -
The British Journal of Nutrition Mar 2023Iodine, through the thyroid hormones, is required for the development of the auditory cortex and cochlea (the sensory organ for hearing). Deafness is a well-documented... (Review)
Review
Iodine, through the thyroid hormones, is required for the development of the auditory cortex and cochlea (the sensory organ for hearing). Deafness is a well-documented feature of endemic cretinism resulting from severe iodine deficiency. However, the range of effects of suboptimal iodine intake during auditory development on the hearing ability of children is less clear. We therefore aimed to systematically review the evidence for the association between iodine exposure (i.e. intake/status/supplementation) during development (i.e. pregnancy and/or childhood) and hearing outcomes in children. We searched PubMed and Embase and identified 330 studies, of which thirteen were included in this review. Only three of the thirteen studies were of low risk of bias or of good quality, this therefore limited our ability to draw firm conclusions. Nine of the studies (69 %) were in children (one RCT, two non-RCT interventions and six cross-sectional studies) and four (31 %) were in pregnant women (one RCT, one cohort study and two case reports). The RCT of iodine supplementation in mildly iodine-deficient pregnant women found no effect on offspring hearing thresholds. However, hearing was a secondary outcome of the trial and not all women were from an iodine-deficient area. Iodine supplementation of severely iodine-deficient children (in both non-RCT interventions) resulted in improved hearing thresholds. Five of six cross-sectional studies (83 %) found that higher iodine status in children was associated with better hearing. The current evidence base for the association between iodine status and hearing outcomes is limited and further good-quality research on this topic is needed.
Topics: Child; Humans; Female; Pregnancy; Iodine; Child Development; Cohort Studies; Cross-Sectional Studies; Dietary Supplements; Hearing
PubMed: 35535480
DOI: 10.1017/S0007114522001441 -
International Journal of Audiology 2015To investigate the etiology of deafness in cochlear implanted children and to address the question whether there is a need for more thorough diagnostics, especially... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
OBJECTIVE
To investigate the etiology of deafness in cochlear implanted children and to address the question whether there is a need for more thorough diagnostics, especially concerning genetics.
DESIGN
Systematic review. Four databases were searched for studies (year 2000-2014) on cochlear implanted children (n > 100). Studies were excluded if etiology had influenced their inclusion criteria. Eligibility and methodological quality were assessed independently by three authors. The studies' description of diagnostic evaluation was categorized in three groups.
STUDY SAMPLE
Sixteen studies were included (5069 children).
RESULTS
The most common etiological categories were 'Unknown' 40.3% (95% CI 32.8 to 48.0), 'Non-syndromic' 22.4% (95% CI 17.1 to 28.2), and 'Postnatal' 11.3% (95% CI 7.2 to 16.2). Studies published after 2006 had a lower proportion of 'Unknown' etiology 35.3% (95% CI 28.0 to 42.8) than older 45.5% (95% CI 31.0 to 60.4). Important information was missing from several studies: 11 (69%) studies did not provide detailed description on diagnostic evaluation of the etiology of deafness and had a higher proportion of 'Unknown' etiology.
CONCLUSIONS
In order to ensure a higher level of comparability in future studies, we recommend agreement upon an international standard of diagnostics and the introduction of an international standard for reporting etiology.
Topics: Child; Child, Preschool; Cochlear Implantation; Cochlear Implants; Deafness; Female; Genetic Testing; Humans; Male; Reference Standards; Symptom Assessment
PubMed: 26642892
DOI: 10.3109/14992027.2015.1091094