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Digestion 2021The need for noninvasive markers of disease activity is mandatory in the assessment of Crohn's disease (CD). The most widely fecal biomarker in CD, despite several...
INTRODUCTION
The need for noninvasive markers of disease activity is mandatory in the assessment of Crohn's disease (CD). The most widely fecal biomarker in CD, despite several limits, is fecal calprotectin. This review aims to elucidate the role, if any, of all other fecal biomarkers, as alternative tools for assessing clinical and endoscopic disease activity, and predict capsule endoscopy findings, response to therapy, disease relapse, and postoperative recurrence. These fecal biomarkers included lactoferrin, S100A12, high mobility group box 1, neopterin, polymorphonuclear neutrophil elastase, fecal hemoglobin, alpha1-antitrypsin, lysozyme, human beta-defensin-2, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, matrix metalloproteinase-9, chitinase 3-like-1, M2-pyruvate kinase, myeloperoxidase, and eosinophil proteins.
METHODS
A systematic electronic search in the medical literature was performed up to April 2020. Seventy eligible studies were identified out of 859 citations. Data were grouped according to the assessment of clinical and endoscopic disease activity, capsule endoscopy findings, response to therapy, prediction of relapse, and postoperative recurrence.
RESULTS
The overall correlation between lactoferrin and clinical indexes is poor, while performance is good with endoscopic scores. Lactoferrin seems to represent a reasonably good surrogate marker of response to therapy and to be potentially useful in identifying patients at high risk for endoscopic relapse or postoperative recurrence. The evaluation of the performance of all other fecal markers is limited by the lack of adequate data.
CONCLUSIONS
None of the fecal markers so far represents an acceptable alternative to calprotectin in clinical practice. Fecal lactoferrin is the only possible exception, but a more extensive investigation is still required.
Topics: Biomarkers; Crohn Disease; Feces; Humans; Lactoferrin; Leukocyte L1 Antigen Complex; Severity of Illness Index
PubMed: 34518458
DOI: 10.1159/000518419 -
Frontiers in Genetics 2019Chronic periodontitis (CP) is a growing problem that affects the worldwide population, having significant impacts on people's daily lives and economic development....
Chronic periodontitis (CP) is a growing problem that affects the worldwide population, having significant impacts on people's daily lives and economic development. Genetics is an important component in the determination of individual susceptibility to periodontal diseases. Numerous studies have been performed to investigate the association between beta defensin 1 () rs11362 polymorphism and risk of CP, but the results are still inconclusive. Therefore, we conducted this meta-analysis to ascertain whether this variation in is associated with CP susceptibility. The relevant studies were searched in PubMed and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) databases up to January 9, 2018. Two independent authors selected citations and extracted the data from eligible studies. Odds ratios (ORs) with their 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were used to assess the strength of the association. Seven case-control studies were included in this meta-analysis. Based on unadjusted data, there was no obvious association between rs11362 polymorphism and CP risk in all genetic models (A vs. G: OR = 0.86, 95%CI = 0.61-1.20; AA vs. GG: OR = 0.83, 95% CI = 00.50-1.39; AG vs. GG: OR = 1.01, 95%CI = 0.73-1.39; AG+AA vs. GG: OR = 0.91, 95% CI = 00.74-1.11; and AA vs. AG+GG: OR = 0.83, 95% CI = 00.57-1.21); the results of adjusted data also showed no significant relationship. Subgroup analyses based on ethnicity, participants' smoking status, HWE in controls and severity of CP all revealed similar results to that of the overall analysis. Sensitivity analysis indicated the results were robust and no evidence of publication bias was found. Our meta-analysis suggests that rs11362 polymorphism may not have an important effect on the risk of CP. Further large-scale and well-designed studies are necessary to validate our conclusion in the future.
PubMed: 30915104
DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00179 -
Clinical Orthopaedics and Related... Jul 2018
PubMed: 29912808
DOI: 10.1097/CORR.0000000000000362