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Europace : European Pacing,... Dec 2017Single-chamber (VR-ICD) and subcutaneous (S-ICD) implantable cardioverter-defibrillators are effective to protect patients against sudden death but expose them to higher... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
AIMS
Single-chamber (VR-ICD) and subcutaneous (S-ICD) implantable cardioverter-defibrillators are effective to protect patients against sudden death but expose them to higher risk of inappropriate shock (IS). We sought to quantify the annual rate and influencing factors of ISs in VR- and S-ICDs from the literature.
METHODS AND RESULTS
PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library were searched for full text articles with IS rates. Poisson distribution estimated proportion of patients with ISs; rates were annualized based on follow-up duration. Random effects meta-analysis accounted for study-to-study variation. Out of 3264 articles, 16 qualified for the meta-analysis. Across studies, 6.4% [95% confidence interval (CI) 5.1-7.9%] of patients received an IS per year. Meta-regression analyses demonstrated that IS rates were lower in more recent studies [rate ratio (RR) per year: 0.93, 95% CI: 0.87-0.98; P = 0.01] and trended lower in studies with longer follow-up (RR per year: 0.78, 95% CI: 0.60-1.01; P = 0.06). Use of S-ICDs (RR: 1.81, 95% CI: 0.86-3.81; P = 0.12) and ventricular tachycardia zone programmed on (RR: 1.13, 95% CI: 0.65-1.97; P = 0.66) were not associated with a significantly increased change in risk. The IS rate observed in one of the more recent studies was significantly lower than predicted after accounting for covariates (RR: 0.29, 95% CI: 0.14-0.60; P < 0.001).
CONCLUSIONS
A comprehensive review of the literature shows that 6.4% of patients with ICDs experienced their first IS annually. One of the 16 studies was better than predicted with the lowest reported rate (1.9%) and could not be explained by timing of the study or other covariates.
Topics: Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Death, Sudden, Cardiac; Defibrillators, Implantable; Electric Countershock; Electric Stimulation; Humans; Odds Ratio; Prosthesis Design; Prosthesis Failure; Risk Assessment; Risk Factors; Time Factors; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 28340005
DOI: 10.1093/europace/euw415 -
International Journal of Cardiology.... Aug 2022Sarcoidosis is a chronic inflammatory disorder of unknown etiology associated with high morbidity and mortality. Its association with cardiovascular outcomes is...
BACKGROUND
Sarcoidosis is a chronic inflammatory disorder of unknown etiology associated with high morbidity and mortality. Its association with cardiovascular outcomes is under-documented.
AIM
The aim of this study was to assess the adverse cardiovascular outcomes in patients with sarcoidosis compared with that of non-sarcoidosis.
METHODOLOGY
Online databases including PubMed, Embase and Scopus were queried from inception until March 2022. The outcomes assessed included all-cause mortality (ACM) and incidence of ventricular tachycardia (VT), heart failure (HF) and atrial arrhythmias (AA).
RESULT
A total of 6 studies with 22,539,096 participants (42,763 Sarcoidosis, 22,496,354 Non-Sarcoidosis) were included in this analysis. The pooled prevalence of sarcoidosis was 13.1% (95% CI 1% to 70%). The overall mean age was 47 years. The most common comorbidities were hypertension (12.7% vs 12.5%), and diabetes mellitus (5.5% vs 4%) respectively. The pooled analysis of primary endpoints showed that all-cause mortality (RR, 2.08; 95% CI: 1.17 to 3.08; p = 0.01) was significantly increased in sarcoidosis patients. The pooled analysis of secondary endpoints showed that the incidence of VT (RR, 15.3; 95% CI: 5.39 to 43.42); p < 0.001), HF (RR, 4.96; 95% CI: 2.02 to 12.14; p < 0.001) and AA (RR, 2.55; 95% CI: 1.47 to 4.44); p = 0.01) were significantly higher with sarcoidosis respectively compared to non-sarcoidosis.
CONCLUSION
Incidence of VT, HF and AA was significantly higher in patients with CS. Clinicians should be aware of these adverse cardiovascular events associated with sarcoidosis.
PubMed: 35800042
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcha.2022.101073 -
CJC Open Dec 2021Data are limited regarding the use of implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs) in diverse populations. This study explores cardiovascular (CV) outcomes and... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Data are limited regarding the use of implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs) in diverse populations. This study explores cardiovascular (CV) outcomes and mortality from ICD randomized controlled trials (RCTs), by sex, race, and age.
METHODS
Five electronic databases (PubMed, Emcare, Embase, MEDLINE, and Cumulative Index to Nursing & Allied Health Literature CINAHL) were searched for dates from their inception to July 12, 2021, for RCTs of ICD therapy in adult patients. Data were analyzed for clinical outcomes, including all-cause or CV death, and heart failure hospitalization (HFH).
RESULTS
Among 5 RCTs (mean age: 63 years; 78% male; 76% White) with moderate overall risk of bias, clinical outcomes in patients with an ICD (n = 3260) vs a control group (n = 3685) were compared. No between-group sex differences were observed for all-cause death (odds ratio [OR] 0.86, = 0.51), CV death (OR 0.98, = 0.96), HFH (OR 0.95, = 0.87), or HFH and all-cause death (OR 0.83, = 0.51) in the ICD group, in a comparison of male vs female sex. All-cause death (OR 1.20, = 0.67) did not differ for White vs Black patients receiving ICD therapy. Outcomes data for other non-White, non-Black race groups were often unreported. Most RCTs originated in North America, had male leadership, and were evenly sponsored by industry vs peer-reviewed funding.
CONCLUSIONS
Outcomes data are sparse, by sex, race, and age, in current RCTs evaluating ICD therapy. Although ICD patient outcomes did not significantly differ by sex or race, improved data analyses and reporting are needed to determine the relationship between these sociocultural factors and clinical outcomes among distinct ICD patient cohorts.
PubMed: 34993451
DOI: 10.1016/j.cjco.2021.09.015 -
Journal of Arrhythmia Apr 2022This meta-analysis aims to evaluate the performance of atrial sensing dipole in single lead implantable cardioverter defibrillator (VDD-ICD) recipients in particular... (Review)
Review
The utilization of atrial sensing dipole in single lead implantable cardioverter defibrillator for detection of new-onset atrial high-rate episodes or subclinical atrial fibrillation: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
This meta-analysis aims to evaluate the performance of atrial sensing dipole in single lead implantable cardioverter defibrillator (VDD-ICD) recipients in particular diagnosing new-onset atrial high-rate episodes (AHREs) defined as rate threshold of 200 beats per minute, or subclinical atrial fibrillation (SCAF) defined as device-detected AF without symptoms. We comprehensively searched PubMed, Embase, and ClinicalTrials.gov. Studies comparing contemporary single- and dual-chamber ICD (VVI-/DDD-ICD) versus VDD-ICD were included. Restricted maximum likelihood method for random effect model and Mantel-Haenszel method for fixed effect model were used to estimate the effect size of new-onset AHREs, or SCAF detection in each group. Three prospective studies were identified and total of 991 participants were included. There were 330 (33.3%) in VDD-ICD and 661 (66.7%) in VVI-/DDD-ICD. Most (78%) participants were men. Median follow-up was from 365 days to 847 days. VDD-ICD has a higher likelihood of detecting AHREs or SCAF as compared to VVI-/DDD-ICD [(OR random effect : 2.6; 95% CI: 1.2, 5.8; = .018); I-squared = 67.8%, = .019]. This difference was more apparently seen in the comparison between VDD-ICD and VVI-ICD [(OR random effect: 3.8; 95% CI: 2.1, 6.6, < .001), I-squared = 0.0%, = .518]. The result is same as fixed effect. Rate of AHREs detection observed in VDD-ICD was not statistically different when compared to the only group with DDD-ICD from SENSE trial. In conclusion, this meta-analysis reveals that the use of floating atrial sensing dipole in VDD-ICD increases the detection of new-onset AHREs or SCAF when compared to VVI-ICD, with similar atrial sensing performance to DDD-ICD.
PubMed: 35387136
DOI: 10.1002/joa3.12675 -
Clinical Cardiology Jul 2009Epidemiologic data suggest that omega-3 fatty acids derived from fish oil reduce cardiovascular disease. The clinical benefit of dietary fish oil supplementation in... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Epidemiologic data suggest that omega-3 fatty acids derived from fish oil reduce cardiovascular disease. The clinical benefit of dietary fish oil supplementation in preventing cardiovascular events in both high and low risk patients is unclear.
OBJECTIVE
To assess whether dietary supplements of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) decrease cardiovascular events across a spectrum of patients.
DATA SOURCES
MEDLINE, Embase, the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and citation review of relevant primary and review articles.
STUDY SELECTION
Prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trials that evaluated clinical cardiovascular end points (cardiovascular death, sudden death, and nonfatal cardiovascular events) and all-cause mortality in patients randomized to EPA/DHA or placebo. We only included studies that used dietary supplements of EPA/DHA which were administered for at least 1 year.
DATA EXTRACTION
Data were abstracted on study design, study size, type and dose of omega-3 supplement, cardiovascular events, all-cause mortality, and duration of follow-up. Studies were grouped according to the risk of cardiovascular events (high risk and moderate risk). Meta-analytic techniques were used to analyze the data.
DATA SYNTHESIS
We identified 11 studies that included a total of 39 044 patients. The studies included patients after recent myocardial infarction, those with an implanted cardioverter defibrillator, and patients with heart failure, peripheral vascular disease, and hypercholesterolemia. The average dose of EPA/DHA was 1.8 +/- 1.2 g/day and the mean duration of follow-up was 2.2 +/- 1.2 years. Dietary supplementation with omega-3 fatty acids significantly reduced the risk of cardiovascular deaths (odds ratio [OR]: 0.87, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.79-0.95, p = 0.002), sudden cardiac death (OR: 0.87, 95% CI: 0.76-0.99, p = 0.04), all-cause mortality (OR: 0.92, 95% CI: 0.85-0.99, p = 0.02), and nonfatal cardiovascular events (OR: 0.92, 95% CI: 0.85-0.99, p = 0.02). The mortality benefit was largely due to the studies which enrolled high risk patients, while the reduction in nonfatal cardiovascular events was noted in the moderate risk patients (secondary prevention only). Meta-regression failed to demonstrate a relationship between the daily dose of omega-3 fatty acid and clinical outcome.
CONCLUSIONS
Dietary supplementation with omega-3 fatty acids should be considered in the secondary prevention of cardiovascular events.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Dietary Supplements; Docosahexaenoic Acids; Eicosapentaenoic Acid; Evidence-Based Medicine; Humans; Odds Ratio; Prospective Studies; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Risk Assessment; Risk Factors; Secondary Prevention; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 19609891
DOI: 10.1002/clc.20604 -
Revista Portuguesa de Cardiologia :... Jun 2015International guidelines exclude athletes with implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs) from participating in sports, except those of low intensity (category IA,... (Review)
Review
International guidelines exclude athletes with implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs) from participating in sports, except those of low intensity (category IA, such as golf, billiards or bowling). However, these guidelines are based on expert consensus, and thus the safety and risks of participating in sports in this population are still largely unknown in the medical community. We performed a systematic review of the literature in PubMed using the following search string: "((sudden cardiac death) AND (sport OR physical exercise)) AND defibrillator". After the application of pre-defined inclusion and exclusion criteria, 36 results were selected, which are explored in this paper. Preliminary results on ICD use in this population appear to demonstrate the safety and efficacy of the device in this context. Further studies, with longer follow-up and with larger samples, may provide stronger evidence to support these findings. In the meantime, disqualifying almost all ICD patients from participating in sports, without taking into consideration their individual needs and characteristics, may be prejudicial to a considerable number of patients by preventing them from exercising their profession or engaging in recreational sport, for which their risk of sudden cardiac death may be low.
Topics: Death, Sudden, Cardiac; Defibrillators, Implantable; Humans; Sports
PubMed: 26050225
DOI: 10.1016/j.repc.2014.11.007 -
Resuscitation May 2023Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest exerts a large disease burden, which may be mitigated by bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation and automated external defibrillation. We... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND AND AIMS
Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest exerts a large disease burden, which may be mitigated by bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation and automated external defibrillation. We aimed to estimate the global prevalence and distribution of bystander training among laypersons, which are poorly understood, and to identify their determinants.
METHODS
We searched electronic databases for cross-sectional studies reporting the prevalence of bystander training from representative population samples. Pooled prevalence was calculated using random-effects models. Key outcome was cardiopulmonary resuscitation training (training within two-years and those who were ever trained). We explored determinants of interest using subgroup analysis and meta-regression.
RESULTS
29 studies were included, representing 53,397 laypersons. Among national studies, the prevalence of cardiopulmonary resuscitation training within two-years and among those who were ever trained, and automated external defibrillator training was 10.02% (95% CI 6.60 -14.05), 42.04% (95% CI 30.98-53.28) and 21.08% (95% CI 10.16-34.66) respectively. Subgroup analyses by continent revealed pooled prevalence estimates of 31.58% (95%CI 18.70-46.09), 58.78% (95%CI 42.41-74.21), 18.93 (95%CI 0.00-62.94), 64.97% (95%CI 64.00-65.93), and 50.56% (95%CI 47.57-53.54) in Asia, Europe, Middle East, North America, and Oceania respectively, with significant subgroup differences (p < 0.01). A country's income and cardiopulmonary resuscitation training (ever trained) (p = 0.033) were positively correlated. Similarly, this prevalence was higher among the highly educated (p<0.00001).
CONCLUSIONS
Large regional variation exists in data availability and bystander training prevalence. Socioeconomic status correlated with prevalence of bystander training, and regional disparities were apparent between continents. Bystander training should be promoted, particularly in Asia, Middle East, and low-income regions. Data availability should be encouraged from under-represented regions.
Topics: Humans; Cross-Sectional Studies; Prevalence; Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation; Defibrillators; Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest
PubMed: 36934835
DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2023.109771 -
Medicine Jan 2023Virtual reality (VR) is an interesting and promising way to teach cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) to adult laypersons as its high immersive characteristics could... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Virtual reality (VR) is an interesting and promising way to teach cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) to adult laypersons as its high immersive characteristics could improve the level of skills and acquired knowledge in learning basic life support (BLS).
METHODS
This systematic review assesses current literature about BLS training with VR and its possible effect on CPR-quality parameters, self-efficacy, perceived learning, and learners' satisfaction and short and long-term patients' outcome. We screened the Cochrane Library, PubMed, CINAHL, MEDLINE Ovid, Web of Science, and Scopus databases and included only clinical trials and quasi-experimental studies published from inception to October 1, 2021, which analyzed adult laypersons' BLS training with the use of VR. Primary outcomes were CPR parameters (chest compression rate and depth, Automated External Defibrillator use). Secondary outcomes were self-efficacy, perceived learning and learners satisfaction, and patients' outcomes (survival and good neurologic status). The risk of bias of included study was assessed using the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions tool to evaluate randomized control trials and the transparent reporting of evaluations with nonrandomized designs checklist for nonrandomized studies.
RESULTS
After full article screening, 6 studies were included in the systematic review (731 participants) published between 2017 and 2021. Because of the heterogeneity of the studies, we focused on describing the studies rather than meta-analysis. The assessment of the quality of evidence revealed overall a very low quality. Training with VR significantly improved the rate and depth of chest compressions in 4 out of 6 articles. VR was described as an efficient teaching method, exerting a positive effect on self-efficacy, perception of confidence, and competence in 2 articles.
CONCLUSION
VR in BLS training improves manual skills and self-efficacy of adult laypersons and may be a good teaching method in a blended learning CPR training strategy. VR may add another way to divide complex parts of resuscitation training into easier individual skills. However, the conclusion of this review suggests that VR may improve the quality of the chest compressions as compared to instructor-led face-to-face BLS training.
Topics: Humans; Adult; Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation; Learning; Virtual Reality; Defibrillators
PubMed: 36705392
DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000032736 -
The clinical and cost-effectiveness of implantable cardioverter defibrillators: a systematic review.Health Technology Assessment... Sep 2005To consider the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) for arrhythmias. (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVES
To consider the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) for arrhythmias.
DATA SOURCES
Electronic databases. Manufacturer submissions.
REVIEW METHODS
A systematic review of the literature on clinical and cost-effectiveness was undertaken. The quality of selected randomised controlled trials (RCTs) was assessed using the Jadad criteria, and of selected systematic reviews using criteria developed by the NHS Centre for Reviews and Dissemination. Economic evaluations were quality assessed by their internal validity (i.e. the methods used) using a series of relevant questions, and external validity (i.e. generalisability of the economic study to the population of interest) by modified standard criteria. The clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of ICDs for arrhythmias were synthesised through a narrative review with full tabulation of results of all included studies.
RESULTS
Eight RCTs, two systematic reviews and a meta-analysis met the inclusion criteria of the review. The RCTs were of variable quality, with most trials having a Jadad quality score of 1/5 or 2/5, owing to the nature of comparing a device with drug therapy and the impossibility of double-blinding. The outcome measure of interest was mortality, which was reported as all-cause mortality in most trials and sudden cardiac death in some trials. Eleven economic evaluations of ICDs for arrhythmias were identified. None were shown to have high internal and external validity. One unpublished study relevant to the UK was identified. The evidence suggests that ICDs reduce mortality in patients with previous ventricular arrest or symptomatic sustained ventricular arrhythmias, in patients who have not had a previous sudden cardiac episode or previous ventricular arrhythmia but have reduced left ventricular function due to coronary artery disease with asymptomatic non-sustained ventricular arrhythmia and sustained tachycardia that could be induced electrophysiologically, and in some patients with severe left ventricular dysfunction (ejection fraction 30%) after myocardial infarction. QoL data are inconsistent but suggest that there is impaired QoL in patients who received numerous shocks from implanted devices. Studies show that ICDs improve survival compared with drug treatment, but with considerably increased cost. Incremental cost per life-year gained ranges from 27,000 US dollars to 213,543 Can dollars and incremental cost per quality-adjusted life-year from 71,700 US dollars to 558,000 US dollars in the published literature.
CONCLUSIONS
The use of ICDs in the UK is increasing, but the technology is still under-utilised compared with other developed countries. Extending the current indications to patients with prior myocardial infarction and depressed heart function would impact on costs and service provision. Further research is needed on the risk stratification of patients in whom ICDs are most likely to be clinically and cost-effective. An evaluation of shock frequency on QoL is also required.
Topics: Aged; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Defibrillators, Implantable; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; State Medicine; Treatment Outcome; United Kingdom
PubMed: 16153353
DOI: 10.3310/hta9360 -
European Journal of Clinical... Jan 2023The number of patients with cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) undergoing radiotherapy (RT) for cancer treatment is growing. At present, prevalence and... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
A systematic review and meta-analysis on oncological radiotherapy in patients with a cardiac implantable electronic device: Prevalence and predictors of device malfunction in 3121 patients.
BACKGROUND
The number of patients with cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) undergoing radiotherapy (RT) for cancer treatment is growing. At present, prevalence and predictors of RT-induced CIEDs malfunctions are not defined.
METHODS
Systematic review and meta-analysis conducted following the PRISMA recommendations. PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar were searched from inception to 31/01/2022 for studies reporting RT-induced malfunctions in CIEDs patients. Aim was to assess the prevalence of RT-induced CIEDs malfunctions and identify potential predictors.
RESULTS
Thirty-two out of 3962 records matched the inclusion criteria and were included in the meta-analysis. A total of 135 CIEDs malfunctions were detected among 3121 patients (6.6%, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 5.1%-8.4%). The pooled prevalence increased moving from pacemaker (PM) to implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD), and cardiac resynchronization therapy and defibrillator (CRT-D) groups (4.1%, 95% CI: 2.9-5.8; 8.2% 95% CI: 5.9-11.3; and 19.8%, 95% CI: 11.4-32.2 respectively). A higher risk ratio (RR) of malfunctions was found when neutron-producing energies were used as compared to non-neutron-producing energies (RR 9.98, 95% CI: 5.09-19.60) and in patients with ICD/CRT-D as compared to patients with PM/CRT-P (RR 2.07, 95% CI: 1.40-3.06). On the contrary, no association was found between maximal radiation dose at CIED >2 Gy and CIEDs malfunctions (RR 0.93; 95% CI: 0.31-2.76).
CONCLUSIONS
Radiotherapy related CIEDs malfunction had a prevalence ranging from 4% to 20%. The use of neutron-producing energies and more complex devices (ICD/CRT-D) were associated with higher risk of device malfunction, while the radiation dose at CIED did not significantly impact on the risk unless higher doses (>10 Gy) were used.
Topics: Humans; Pacemaker, Artificial; Defibrillators, Implantable
PubMed: 36004486
DOI: 10.1111/eci.13862