-
Food Science & Nutrition Nov 2023This systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis examined the risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) following dietary fiber intake. Relevant... (Review)
Review
This systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis examined the risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) following dietary fiber intake. Relevant articles were retrieved from a variety of databases, including Scopus, Embase, and Medline, until March 2023. Spirometry was the most frequently used method for determining the presence of COPD. Based on the search, there were a total of 213,912 participants across five separate studies. Random effects model was used to combine the data and a dose-response analysis was further conducted. Five distinct cohort studies were identified. Based on highest versus lowest analysis, there was an inverse correlation between the intake of total fiber (RR, 0.72; 95%, CI: 0.64-0.80), cereal fiber (RR: 0.76, 95% CI 0.68, 0.86), and fruit fiber (RR: 0.75, 95% CI: 0.68, 0.83). Although this result was not significant for vegetable fiber (RR, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.84-1.07). Dose-response analysis revealed that daily increase of 10 g of total dietary fiber, cereal fiber, or fruit fiber reduced the risk of COPD by 26%, 21%, and 37%, respectively. The ROBINS-E tool classified all cohort studies as having a moderate risk of bias. Total fiber, cereal fiber, and fruit fiber intake were found to have low credibility using the NutriGrade tool. Additionally, there is a lack of scientific evidence supporting the use of vegetable fiber. Larger, more comprehensive studies are required to confirm these findings.
PubMed: 37970426
DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3640 -
International Journal of Environmental... Apr 2021PubMed/Medline, Excerpta Medica dataBASE (EMBASE) and Scopus were searched in January 2021 in order to retrieve evidence assessing the association between dietary fibre... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
PubMed/Medline, Excerpta Medica dataBASE (EMBASE) and Scopus were searched in January 2021 in order to retrieve evidence assessing the association between dietary fibre intake and the risk of colorectal adenoma in adults. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were used for the reporting of results. Only primary observational studies were included. Publication bias was estimated through the Egger's test and the visual inspection of the funnel plot. Heterogeneity between studies was calculated with I statistics. The search strategy identified 683 papers, 21 of which were included in our meta-analysis. Having evaluated a total of 157,725 subjects, the results suggest a protective effect of dietary fibre intake against colorectal adenoma. Effect Size (ES) was [0.71 (95% CI = 0.68-0.75), = 0.000)]. Moderate statistical heterogeneity (Chi = 61.68, df = 23, I = 62.71%, = 0.000) was found. Findings show a statistically significant ( = 0.000) and robust association between a higher intake of dietary fibre and a lower risk of colorectal adenoma, considering both the prevalent and incident risk. Moreover, the meta-regression analysis showed a borderline significant negative linear correlation between the amount of dietary fibre intake and colorectal adenoma. Lastly, we performed a subgroup analysis by sex, showing a higher protective effect for men.
Topics: Adenoma; Adult; Colorectal Neoplasms; Dietary Fiber; Humans; Male; Physical Examination
PubMed: 33920845
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18084168 -
Nutrients Jan 2022The gut microbiota is a key factor in the correct development of the gastrointestinal immune system. Studies have found differences between the gut microbiota of...
The gut microbiota is a key factor in the correct development of the gastrointestinal immune system. Studies have found differences between the gut microbiota of newborns delivered by cesarean section compared to those vaginally delivered. Our objective was to evaluate the effect of ingestion of probiotics, prebiotics, or synbiotics during pregnancy and/or lactation on the development of the gut microbiota of the C-section newborns. We selected experimental studies in online databases from their inception to October 2021. Of the 83 records screened, 12 met the inclusion criteria. The probiotics used belonged to the genera , , , and , or a combination of those, with dosages varying between 2 × 10 and 9 × 10 CFU per day, and were consumed during pregnancy and/or lactation. Probiotic strains were combined with galacto-oligosaccharides, fructo-oligosaccharides, or bovine milk-derived oligosaccharides in the synbiotic formulas. Probiotic, prebiotic, and synbiotic interventions led to beneficial gut microbiota in cesarean-delivered newborns, closer to that in vaginally delivered newborns, especially regarding colonization. This effect was more evident in breastfed infants. The studies indicate that this beneficial effect is achieved when the interventions begin soon after birth, especially the restoration of bifidobacterial population. Changes in the infant microbial ecosystem due to the interventions seem to continue after the end of the intervention in most of the studies. More interventional studies are needed to elucidate the optimal synbiotic combinations and the most effective strains and doses for achieving the optimal gut microbiota colonization of C-section newborns.
Topics: Bifidobacterium; Breast Feeding; Cesarean Section; Ecosystem; Female; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Lactation; Lactobacillus; Male; Maternal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Prebiotics; Pregnancy; Prenatal Care; Probiotics; Synbiotics
PubMed: 35057522
DOI: 10.3390/nu14020341 -
Jornal de Pediatria 2017To evaluate the association between dietary patterns and cardiometabolic risk factors in children and adolescents. (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the association between dietary patterns and cardiometabolic risk factors in children and adolescents.
DATA SOURCE
This article followed the recommendations of PRISMA, which aims to guide review publications in the health area. The article search strategy included searches in the electronic databases MEDLINE via PubMed, Scopus, and LILACS. There was no date limitation for publications. The descriptors were used in English according to MeSH and in Portuguese according to DeCS. Only articles on dietary patterns extracted by the a posteriori methodology were included. The question to be answered was: how much can an "unhealthy" dietary pattern influence biochemical and inflammatory markers in this population?
DATA SYNTHESIS
The studies showed an association between dietary patterns and cardiometabolic alterations. The patterns were characterized as unhealthy when associated to the consumption of ultraprocessed products, poor in fiber and rich in sodium, fat, and refined carbohydrates. Despite the associations, in several studies, the strength of this association for some risk markers was reduced or lost after adjusting for confounding variables.
CONCLUSION
There was a positive association between "unhealthy" dietary patterns and cardiometabolic alterations in children and adolescents. Some unconfirmed associations may be related to the difficulty of assessing food consumption. Nevertheless, studies involving dietary patterns and their association with risk factors should be performed in children and adolescents, aiming at interventions and early changes in dietary habits considered to be inadequate.
Topics: Adolescent; Cardiovascular Diseases; Child; Diet; Feeding Behavior; Humans; Metabolic Diseases; Risk Factors
PubMed: 28238682
DOI: 10.1016/j.jped.2017.01.002 -
Nutrients Mar 2021Elevated inflammation in pregnancy has been associated with multiple adverse pregnancy outcomes and potentially an increased susceptibility to future chronic disease....
Elevated inflammation in pregnancy has been associated with multiple adverse pregnancy outcomes and potentially an increased susceptibility to future chronic disease. How maternal dietary patterns influence systemic inflammation during pregnancy requires further investigation. The purpose of this review was to comprehensively evaluate studies that assessed dietary patterns and inflammatory markers during pregnancy. This review was guided by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses. Included studies were sourced from EMBASE, PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus and evaluated using The Quality Assessment Tool for Quantitative Studies. Inclusion criteria consisted of human studies published in English between January 2007 and May 2020 that addressed associations between dietary patterns and inflammatory markers during pregnancy. Studies focused on a single nutrient, supplementation, or combined interventions were excluded. A total of 17 studies were included. Despite some inconsistent findings, maternal diets characterized by a higher intake of animal protein and cholesterol and/or a lower intake of fiber were shown to be associated with certain pro-inflammatory markers (C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF- α), IL-8, serum amyloid A (SAA), and glycoprotein acetylation (GlycA)). Future studies that explore a broader range of inflammatory markers in the pregnant population, reduce measurement errors, and ensure adequate statistical adjustment are warranted.
Topics: Acetylation; Biomarkers; C-Reactive Protein; Diet; Female; Glycoproteins; Humans; Inflammation; Inflammation Mediators; Interleukin-6; Interleukin-8; Maternal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Trimesters; Prenatal Care; Serum Amyloid A Protein; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
PubMed: 33806342
DOI: 10.3390/nu13030834 -
Advances in Nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) May 2023To present a comprehensive synthesis of the effect of soluble fiber supplementation on blood lipid parameters in adults, a systematic search was undertaken in PubMed,... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
To present a comprehensive synthesis of the effect of soluble fiber supplementation on blood lipid parameters in adults, a systematic search was undertaken in PubMed, Scopus, and ISI Web of Science of relevant articles published before November 2021. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating the effects of soluble fibers on blood lipids in adults were included. We estimated the change in blood lipids for each 5 g/d increment in soluble fiber supplementation in each trial and then calculated the mean difference (MD) and 95% CI using a random-effects model. We estimated dose-dependent effects using a dose-response meta-analysis of differences in means. The risk of bias and certainty of the evidence was evaluated using the Cochrane risk of bias tool and the Grading Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation methodology, respectively. A total of 181 RCTs with 220 treatment arms (14,505 participants: 7348 cases and 7157 controls) were included. There was a significant reduction in LDL cholesterol (MD: -8.28 mg/dL, 95% CI: -11.38, -5.18), total cholesterol (TC) (MD: -10.82 mg/dL, 95% CI: -12.98, -8.67), TGs (MD: -5.55 mg/dL, 95% CI: -10.31, -0.79), and apolipoprotein B (Apo-B) (MD: -44.99 mg/L, 95% CI: -62.87, -27.12) after soluble fiber supplementation in the overall analysis. Each 5 g/d increase in soluble fiber supplementation had a significant reduction in TC (MD: -6.11 mg/dL, 95% CI: -7.61, -4.61) and LDL cholesterol (MD: -5.57 mg/dl, 95% CI: -7.44, -3.69). In a large meta-analysis of RCTs, results suggest that soluble fiber supplementation could contribute to the management of dyslipidemia and the reduction of cardiovascular disease risk.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Cholesterol, LDL; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Lipids; Dyslipidemias; Dietary Supplements
PubMed: 36796439
DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2023.01.005 -
Oncotarget Dec 2016Current evidence from randomised controlled trials on the effects of dietary fibre intake on breast cancer risk is inconsistent. We conducted a meta-analysis to... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Current evidence from randomised controlled trials on the effects of dietary fibre intake on breast cancer risk is inconsistent. We conducted a meta-analysis to determine the effectiveness of dietary fibre intake in reducing breast cancer risk. We searched for prospective and case-control studies on dietary fibre intake and breast cancer risk in the English language through March 2016. Twenty-four epidemiologic studies obtained through the PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases were systematically reviewed. A random-effects model was used to compute the pooled risk estimates by extracting the risk estimate of the highest and lowest reported categories of intake from each study. The meta-analyses showed a 12% decrease in breast cancer risk with dietary fibre intake. The association between dietary fibre intake and breast cancer risk was significant when stratified according to Jadad scores, study types, and menopause status. Dose-response analysis showed that every 10 g/d increment in dietary fibre intake was associated with a 4% reduction in breast cancer risk, and little evidence of publication bias was found. Thus, dietary fibre consumption is significantly associated with a reduced risk of breast cancer, particularly in postmenopausal women.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Breast Neoplasms; Diet, Healthy; Dietary Fiber; Female; Humans; Life Style; Middle Aged; Postmenopause; Protective Factors; Recommended Dietary Allowances; Risk Assessment; Risk Factors; Risk Reduction Behavior
PubMed: 27829237
DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13140 -
PloS One 2018The evidence linking dietary intake with diabetic retinopathy (DR) is growing but unclear. We conducted a systematic review of the association between dietary intake and...
INTRODUCTION
The evidence linking dietary intake with diabetic retinopathy (DR) is growing but unclear. We conducted a systematic review of the association between dietary intake and DR.
METHODS
We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, Medline, and the Cochrane Central register of controlled trials, for publications between January 1967 and January 2017 using standardized criteria for diet and DR. Interventional and observational studies investigating micro- and macro-nutrient intakes; food and beverage consumptions; and dietary patterns were included. Study quality was evaluated using a modified Newcastle-Ottawa scale for observational studies, and the Cochrane collaboration tool for interventional studies.
RESULTS
Of 4265 titles initially identified, 31 studies (3 interventional, 28 Observational) were retained. Higher intakes of dietary fibre, oily fish, and greater adherence to a Mediterranean diet were protective of DR. Conversely, high total caloric intake was associated with higher risk of DR. No significant associations of carbohydrate, vitamin D, and sodium intake with DR were found. Associations of antioxidants, fatty acids, proteins and alcohol with DR remain equivocal.
CONCLUSIONS
Dietary fibre, oily fish, a Mediterranean diet and a reduced caloric intake are associated with lower risk of DR. Longitudinal data and interventional models are warranted to confirm our findings and better inform clinical guidelines.
Topics: Diabetic Retinopathy; Diet; Energy Intake; Humans
PubMed: 29324740
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0186582 -
Advances in Nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) Jun 2021No previous investigation has summarized findings from prospective cohort studies on the association between dietary intake of fiber, fruit, and vegetables and risk of... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
No previous investigation has summarized findings from prospective cohort studies on the association between dietary intake of fiber, fruit, and vegetables and risk of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Dietary fiber and its major sources can influence the risk of IBD by modulation of the gut microbiota. This study summarizes findings from published cohort studies on the association between dietary fiber, fruit, and vegetable consumption and risk of IBD. Relevant articles published up to January 2019 were searched via PubMed, MEDLINE, Scopus, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar. All prospective cohort studies investigating the association between dietary fiber, fruit, and vegetable intake and risk of IBD were included. Combining 7 effect sizes from 6 studies, no significant association was found between dietary intake of fiber and risk of ulcerative colitis (UC) (RR: 1.09; 95% CI: 0.88, 1.34). However, a significant inverse association was found between dietary fiber intake and risk of Crohn disease (CD) (RR: 0.59; 95% CI: 0.46, 0.74), based on 5 studies with 6 effect sizes. Pooling information from 4 studies, we found a significant protective association between dietary intake of fruit and risk of UC (RR: 0.69; 95% CI: 0.55, 0.86) and CD (RR: 0.47; 95% CI: 0.38, 0.58). We also found a significant inverse association between vegetable consumption and risk of UC (RR: 0.56; 95% CI: 0.48, 0.66) and CD (RR: 0.52; 95% CI: 0.46, 0.59). In conclusion, dietary intake of fruit and vegetables was inversely associated with risk of IBD and its subtypes. Dietary fiber intake was also inversely associated with incidence of IBD and CD, but not with UC. Further studies are warranted to examine the association of other fiber-rich foods with IBD.
Topics: Dietary Fiber; Fruit; Humans; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Prospective Studies; Risk Factors; Vegetables
PubMed: 33186988
DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmaa145 -
Nutrients Mar 2020New knowledge about the gut microbiota and its interaction with the host's metabolic regulation has emerged during the last few decades. Several factors may affect the...
New knowledge about the gut microbiota and its interaction with the host's metabolic regulation has emerged during the last few decades. Several factors may affect the composition of the gut microbiota, including dietary fiber. Dietary fiber is not hydrolyzed by human digestive enzymes, but it is acted upon by gut microbes, and metabolites like short-chain fatty acids are produced. The short-chain fatty acids may be absorbed into the circulation and affect metabolic regulation in the host or be a substrate for other microbes. Some studies have shown improved insulin sensitivity, weight regulation, and reduced inflammation with increases in gut-derived short-chain fatty acids, all of which may reduce the risk of developing metabolic diseases. To what extent a dietary intervention with fiber may affect the human gut microbiota and hence metabolic regulation, is however, currently not well described. The aim of the present review is to summarize recent research on human randomized, controlled intervention studies investigating the effect of dietary fiber on gut microbiota and metabolic regulation. Metabolic regulation is discussed with respect to markers relating to glycemic regulation and lipid metabolism. Taken together, the papers on which the current review is based, suggest that dietary fiber has the potential to change the gut microbiota and alter metabolic regulation. However, due to the heterogeneity of the studies, a firm conclusion describing the causal relationship between gut microbiota and metabolic regulation remains elusive.
Topics: Body Weight; Diet Therapy; Dietary Fiber; Fatty Acids, Volatile; Female; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Gastrointestinal Tract; Glucose; Host Microbial Interactions; Humans; Inflammation; Insulin Resistance; Intestinal Absorption; Lipid Metabolism; Male; Metabolic Diseases; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Risk
PubMed: 32210176
DOI: 10.3390/nu12030859