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Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience 2022As a non-pharmacological therapy, acupuncture has significant efficacy in treating Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) compared to pharmacological therapies. In recent...
BACKGROUND
As a non-pharmacological therapy, acupuncture has significant efficacy in treating Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) compared to pharmacological therapies. In recent years, advances in neuroimaging techniques have provided new perspectives to elucidate the central mechanisms of acupuncture for MCI. Many acupuncture brain imaging studies have found significant improvements in brain function after acupuncture treatment of MCI, but the underlying mechanisms of brain regions modulation are unclear.
OBJECTIVE
A meta-analysis of functional magnetic resonance imaging studies of MCI patients treated with acupuncture was conducted to summarize the effects of acupuncture on the modulation of MCI brain regions from a neuroimaging perspective.
METHODS
Using acupuncture, neuroimaging, magnetic resonance, and Mild Cognitive Impairment as search terms, PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects (DARE), Google Scholar, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), China Biology Medicine disk (CBM disk), Wanfang and Chinese Scientific Journal Database (VIP) for brain imaging studies on acupuncture on MCI published up to April 2022. Voxel-based neuroimaging meta-analysis of fMRI data was performed using voxel-based d Mapping with Permutation of Subject Images (SDM-PSI), allowing for Family-Wise Error Rate (FWER) correction correction for correction multiple comparisons of results. Subgroup analysis was used to compare the differences in brain regions between the acupuncture treatment group and other control groups. Meta-regression was used to explore demographic information and altered cognitive function effects on brain imaging outcomes. Linear models were drawn using MATLAB 2017a, and visual graphs for quality evaluation were produced using R software and RStudio software.
RESULTS
A total of seven studies met the inclusion criteria, with 94 patients in the treatment group and 112 patients in the control group. All studies were analyzed using the regional homogeneity (ReHo) method. The experimental design of fMRI included six task state studies and one resting-state study. The meta-analysis showed that MCI patients had enhanced activity in the right insula, left anterior cingulate/paracingulate gyri, right thalamus, right middle frontal gyrus, right median cingulate/paracingulate gyri, and right middle temporal gyrus brain regions after acupuncture treatment. Further analysis of RCT and longitudinal studies showed that Reho values were significantly elevated in two brain regions, the left anterior cingulate/paracingulate gyrus and the right insula, after acupuncture. The MCI group showed stronger activity in the right supramarginal gyrus after acupuncture treatment compared to healthy controls. Meta-regression analysis showed that the right anterior thalamic projection ReHo index was significantly correlated with the MMSE score after acupuncture treatment in all MCI patients.
CONCLUSIONS
Acupuncture therapy has a modulating effect on the brain regions of MCI patients. However, due to the inadequate experimental design of neuroimaging studies, multi-center neuroimaging studies with large samples are needed better to understand the potential neuroimaging mechanisms of acupuncture for MCI. In addition, machine learning algorithm-based predictive models for evaluating the efficacy of acupuncture for MCI may become a focus of future research.
SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION
https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42022287826, identifier: CRD 42022287826.
PubMed: 36212046
DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.914049 -
BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders Apr 2022Lumbar total disc replacement (TDR) is an alternative to lumbar fusion in the treatment of lower back pain and reduces the risk of adjacent segment degeneration....
BACKGROUND CONTEXT
Lumbar total disc replacement (TDR) is an alternative to lumbar fusion in the treatment of lower back pain and reduces the risk of adjacent segment degeneration. Heterotopic ossification (HO) has been identified as a common complication following lumbar TDR.
PURPOSE
This systematic review aims to determine the prevalence, risk factors and clinical and radiological impact of HO following lumbar TDR.
STUDY DESIGN
Systematic Review.
METHODS
MEDLINE, Scopus, PubMed and Cochrane Central were searched for articles that referred to lumbar TDR and HO. The hits were assessed against inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data from each included study was extracted and analysed with respect to the study aims.
RESULTS
Twenty-six studies were included in this review and the pooled prevalence of HO was estimated to be between 13.2% (participants) and 15.3% (vertebral levels). TDR clinical outcomes were not found to be reduced by HO and there was insufficient data to identify a given impact upon radiological outcomes. Age and follow up time were identified as potential risk factors for HO.
CONCLUSIONS
This review was hampered by inconsistencies in the reporting of HO across the studies. We therefore recommend that a set of guidelines should be produced to aid future researchers and reduce the risk of bias.
Topics: Humans; Intervertebral Disc Degeneration; Low Back Pain; Lumbar Vertebrae; Lumbosacral Region; Ossification, Heterotopic; Total Disc Replacement; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 35461244
DOI: 10.1186/s12891-022-05322-9 -
International Journal of Microbiology 2021Antimicrobial resistance especially caused by extended-spectrum -lactamase-producing (ESBL-PE) has become a global public health concern. Globally, these isolates have... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Antimicrobial resistance especially caused by extended-spectrum -lactamase-producing (ESBL-PE) has become a global public health concern. Globally, these isolates have remained the most important causes of several infections and associated mortality. Their rapid spread in Ethiopia is associated with a lack of regular surveillance and antibiotic stewardship programs. Isolates of ESBL-PE from different regions of Ethiopia were searched exhaustively. However, published data regarding the pooled estimate of ESBL-PE are not conducted in Ethiopia. For this reason, we systematically reviewed laboratory-based studies to summarize the overall pooled prevalence of the isolates recovered from various human specimens.
METHODS
An exhaustive literature search was carried out using the major electronic databases including PubMed, Web of Science, MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and Wiley Online Library to identify potentially relevant studies without date restriction. Original articles which address the research question were identified, screened, and included using the PRISMA follow diagram. Data extraction form was prepared in Microsoft Excel, and data quality was assessed by using 9-point Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal tools. Then, data were exported to STATA 16.0 software for analyses of pooled estimation of outcome measures. Estimation of outcome measures at 95% confidence interval was performed using Der-Simonian-Laird's random-effects model. Finally, results were presented via text, figures, and tables.
RESULTS
A comprehensive electronic database literature search has yielded a total of 86 articles. Among the total, 68 original articles were excluded after the review process. A total of 18 studies with 1191 bacterial isolates recovered from 7919 various clinical samples sizes were included for systematic review and meta-analysis. In this study, the pooled prevalence of ESBL-PE was 18% (95% CI: 9-26). Nine out of the total (50%) reviewed articles were studied using the combination disk test. Likewise, and . (50% both) were the predominant isolates of ESBL-PE in addition to other isolates such as spp. and spp.
CONCLUSION
This meta-analysis has shown a low pooled estimate of ESBL-PE in Ethiopia.
PubMed: 33859697
DOI: 10.1155/2021/6669778 -
Current Reviews in Musculoskeletal... Jul 2019To assess complications after minimally invasive spinal surgeries including transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (MI-TLIF) by reviewing the most recent literature. (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
To assess complications after minimally invasive spinal surgeries including transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (MI-TLIF) by reviewing the most recent literature.
RECENT FINDINGS
Current literature demonstrates that minimally invasive surgery (MIS) in spine has improved clinical outcomes and reduced complications when compared with open spinal procedures. Recent studies describing MI-TLIF primarily for degenerative disk disease, spondylolisthesis, and vertebral canal stenosis cite over 89 discrete complications, with the most common being radiculitis (ranging from 2.8 to 57.1%), screw malposition (0.3-12.7%), and incidental durotomy (0.3-8.6%). Minimally invasive spine surgery has a distinct set of complications in comparison with other spinal procedures. These complications vary based on the exact MIS procedure and indication. The most frequently documented MI-TLIF complications in current published literature were radiculitis, screw malposition, and incidental durotomy.
PubMed: 31302861
DOI: 10.1007/s12178-019-09574-2 -
The Ultrasound Journal May 2023Elevated intracranial pressure (eICP) is a serious medical emergency that requires prompt identification and monitoring. The current gold standards of eICP detection... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Elevated intracranial pressure (eICP) is a serious medical emergency that requires prompt identification and monitoring. The current gold standards of eICP detection require patient transportation, radiation, and can be invasive. Ocular ultrasound has emerged as a rapid, non-invasive, bedside tool to measure correlates of eICP. This systematic review seeks to explore the utility of ultrasound detected optic disc elevation (ODE) as an ultrasonographic finding of eICP and to study its sensitivity and specificity as a marker of eICP.
METHODS
This systematic review followed the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses guidelines. We systematically searched PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Central for English articles published before April 2023; yielding 1,919 total citations. After eliminating duplicates, and screening the records, we identified 29 articles that addressed ultrasonographically detected ODE.
RESULTS
The 29 articles included a total of 1249 adult and pediatric participants. In patients with papilledema, the mean ODE ranged between 0.6 mm and 1.2 mm. Proposed cutoff values for ODE ranged between 0.3 mm and 1 mm. The majority of studies reported a sensitivity between 70 and 90%, and specificity ranged from 69 to 100%, with a majority of studies reporting a specificity of 100%.
CONCLUSIONS
ODE and ultrasonographic characteristics of the optic disc may aid in differentiating papilledema from other conditions. Further research on ODE elevation and its correlation with other ultrasonographic signs is warranted as a means to increase the diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound in the setting of eICP.
PubMed: 37227512
DOI: 10.1186/s13089-023-00324-7 -
Microorganisms Mar 2022Beta-lactamase (BL) production is a major public health problem. Although not the most frequent AmpC type, AmpC-BL is increasingly isolated, especially plasmid AmpC-BL...
Beta-lactamase (BL) production is a major public health problem. Although not the most frequent AmpC type, AmpC-BL is increasingly isolated, especially plasmid AmpC-BL (pAmpC-BL). The objective of this study was to review information published to date on pAmpC-BL in and and on the epidemiology and detection methods used by clinical microbiology laboratories, by performing a systematic review using the MEDLINE PubMed database. The predictive capacity of a screening method to detect AmpC-BL using disks with cloxacillin (CLX) was also evaluated by studying 102 clinical isolates grown in CHROMID ESBL medium with the addition of cefepime (FEP), cefoxitin (FOX), ertapenem (ETP), CLX, and oxacillin with CLX. The review, which included 149 publications, suggests that certain risk factors (prolonged hospitalization and previous use of cephalosporins) are associated with infections by pAmpC-BL-producing microorganisms. The worldwide prevalence has increased over the past 10 years, with a positivity rate ranging between 0.1 and 40%, although AmpC was only detected when sought in a targeted manner. CMY-2 type has been the most prevalent pAmpC-BL-producing microorganism. The most frequently used phenotypic method has been the double-disk synergy test (using CLX disks or phenyl-boronic acid and cefotaxime [CTX] and ceftazidime) and the disk method combined with these inhibitors. In regard to screening methods, a 1-µg oxacillin disk with CLX showed 88.9% sensitivity, 100% specificity, 100% positive predictive value (PPV), 98.9% negative predictive value (NPV), and 98.9% validity index (VI). This predictive capacity is reduced with the addition of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases, showing 62.5% sensitivity, 100% specificity, 100% PPV, 93.5% NPV, and 94.1% VI. In conclusion, there has been a worldwide increase in the number of isolates with pAmpC-BL, especially in Asia, with CMY-2 being the most frequently detected pAmpC-BL-producing type of microorganism. Reduction in its spread requires routine screening with a combination of phenotypic methods (with AmpC inhibitors) and genotypic methods (multiplex PCR). In conclusion, the proposed screening technique is an easy-to-apply and inexpensive test for the detection of AmpC-producing isolates in the routine screening of multidrug-resistant microorganisms.
PubMed: 35336186
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10030611 -
PloS One 2022Cervical cancer is the fourth commonest and the fourth leading cause of cancer death in females globally. The upregulated expression of microRNA-21 in cervical cancer... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
INTRODUCTION
Cervical cancer is the fourth commonest and the fourth leading cause of cancer death in females globally. The upregulated expression of microRNA-21 in cervical cancer has been investigated in numerous studies, yet given the inconsistency on some of the findings, a systematic review and meta-analysis is needed. Therefore, the aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to investigate the role in disease progression as well as the diagnostic and prognostic value of microRNA-21 in patients with cervical cancer.
METHODS
Literature search was carried out through visiting several electronic databases including PubMed/MEDLINE/ PubMed Central, Web of Science, Embase, WorldCat, DOAJ, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar. After extraction, data analysis was carried out using Rev-Man 5.3, STATA 15.0 and Meta-disk 1.4. I2 and meta-bias statistics assessed heterogeneity and publication bias of the included studies, respectively. The area under summary receiver operating characteristic curve and other diagnostic indexes were used to estimate diagnostic accuracy.
RESULT
A total of 53 studies were included for this systematic review and meta-analysis. This study summarized that microRNA-21 targets the expression of numerous genes that regulate their subsequent downstream signaling pathways which promote cervical carcinogenesis. The targets addressed in this study included TNF-α, CCL20, PTEN RasA1, TIMP3, PDCD-4, TPM-1, FASL, BTG-2, GAS-5, and VHL. In addition, the meta-analysis of reports from 6 eligible studies has demonstrated that the overall area under the curve (AUC) of summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC) of microRNA-21 as a diagnostic accuracy index for cervical cancer was 0.80 (95% CI: 0.75, 0.86). In addition, evidence from studies revealed that upregulated microRNA-21 led to worsening progression and poor prognosis in cervical cancer patients.
CONCLUSION
microRNA-21 is an oncogenic microRNA molecule playing a key role in the development and progression of cervical malignancy. It has good diagnostic accuracy in the diagnosis of cervical cancer. In addition, the upregulation of microRNA-21 could predict a worse outcome in terms of prognosis in cervical cancer patients.
Topics: Disease Progression; Female; Humans; MicroRNAs; Prognosis; ROC Curve; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms
PubMed: 35895593
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0268480 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2016The aim of this review was to assess the types of devices used for in situ development of oral biofilm analyzed microbiologically. (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this review was to assess the types of devices used for in situ development of oral biofilm analyzed microbiologically.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A systematic search of the literature was conducted to identify all in situ studies of oral biofilm which used an oral device; the Ovid MEDLINE and EMBASE databases complemented with manual search were used. Specific devices used to microbiologically analyze oral biofilm in adults were included. After reading of the selected full texts, devices were identified and classified according to the oral cavity zone and manufacturing material. The "ideal" characteristics were analyzed in every group.
RESULTS
The search provided 787 abstracts, of which 111 papers were included. The devices used in these studies were classified as palatal, lingual or buccal. The last group was sub-classified in six groups based on the material of the device. Considering the analyzed characteristics, the thermoplastic devices and the Intraoral Device of Overlaid Disk-holding Splints (IDODS) presented more advantages than limitations.
CONCLUSIONS
Buccal devices were the most commonly used for the study of in situ biofilm. The majority of buccal devices seemed to slightly affect the volunteer's comfort, the IDODS being the closest to the "ideal" model.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE
New devices for in situ oral biofilm microbiological studies should take into account the possible effect of their design on the volunteer's comfort and biofilm formation.
PubMed: 27486437
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01055 -
International Journal of Infectious... Dec 2022This study investigated the prevalence and antibiotic resistance (AR) profiles of Campylobacter spp. isolated from animals, humans, and the environment in South Africa... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
OBJECTIVES
This study investigated the prevalence and antibiotic resistance (AR) profiles of Campylobacter spp. isolated from animals, humans, and the environment in South Africa based on available published data.
METHODS
Original articles published from January 1, 1990 to January 1, 2021 were searched from PubMed, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, Africa Index Medicus, Scopus, and African Journal Online databases. Data were analyzed with Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (version 3.0).
RESULTS
After screening, articles on animals (n = 25), humans (n = 7), environment (n = 3), animals/environment (n = 2), and a (n = 1) study on animals, humans, and the environment were included in this review. The pooled prevalence estimates (PPEs) were 28.8%, 16.4%, and 28.4% in animals, humans, and the environment, respectively. The Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli species were commonly isolated from humans, animals, and the environment in South Africa. The AR profiles were screened from 2032 Campylobacter spp., with the highest PPE of AR observed against clindamycin (76.9%) and clarithromycin (76.5%). Campylobacter isolates tested with the disk diffusion assay and minimum inhibitory concentration methods recorded an overall AR prevalence of 35.3% and 37.1%, respectively, whereas multidrug resistance PPE was 35.3%.
CONCLUSION
Regular surveillance of Campylobacter spp. prevalence and its antimicrobial resistance strains is recommended, as well as the formulation of a "One Health" approach for better management and control of Campylobacter spp. infection in South Africa.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Campylobacter; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Prevalence; South Africa; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Campylobacter Infections; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Campylobacter jejuni
PubMed: 36336247
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2022.10.042 -
Journal of Craniovertebral Junction &... 2022Lumbar spinal degenerative disease (LSDD), unresponsive to conservative therapy, is commonly treated by surgical decompression and interbody fusion. Since facet joint... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
Lumbar spinal degenerative disease (LSDD), unresponsive to conservative therapy, is commonly treated by surgical decompression and interbody fusion. Since facet joint incompetence has been suggested as responsible for the entire phenomenon of spinal degeneration, facet stabilization can be considered as an alternative technique to treat symptomatic spinal degenerative disease. The purpose of this study was to systematically review the literature for studies utilizing lumbar facet joint fixation techniques for LSDD to assess their safety and efficacy.
METHODS
A systematic literature review was performed following the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses statement, with no limits in terms of date of publication. Demographic data, inclusion criteria, clinical and radiological outcome, frequency of adverse events (AEs), and follow-up time were evaluated.
RESULTS
A total of 19 studies were included with a total of 1577 patients. The techniques used for facet arthrodesis were Goel intra-articular spacers in 21 patients (5.3%), Facet Wedge in 198 patients (15.8%), facet screws fixation techniques in 1062 patients (52.6%), and facet joints arthroplasty in 296 patients (26.3%). Clinical outcomes were assessed through the evaluation of pain relief and improvement in functional outcome. Radiological outcomes were assessed by the evaluation of proper positioning of instrumentation, solid bony fusion rate, and preservation of disk height. AE's mainly observed were pseudoarthrosis, reoperation, instrumentation displacement/malpositioning/migration, neurological impairment, deep vein thrombosis, and infections. The mean follow-up time ranged from 6 months to 11.7 years.
CONCLUSION
Our data demonstrate that facet joint arthrodesis appears to be effective in managing LSDD. These findings, however, are limited by the small sample size of patients. Accordingly, larger series are needed before formal recommendations can be made.
PubMed: 36777906
DOI: 10.4103/jcvjs.jcvjs_112_22