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Cancers Mar 2023Papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) comprises approximately 80% of all thyroid malignancies. Although several etiological factors, such as age, gender, and irradiation, are... (Review)
Review
Papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) comprises approximately 80% of all thyroid malignancies. Although several etiological factors, such as age, gender, and irradiation, are already known to be involved in the development of PTC, the genetics of cancerogenesis remain undetermined. The mTOR pathway regulates several cellular processes that are critical for tumorigenesis. Activated is involved in the development and progression of PTC. Therefore, we performed a systematic review of papers studying the expression of the gene and protein and its relationship with PTC risk and clinical outcome. A systematic literature search was performed using PubMed, Embase, and Scopus databases (the search date was 2012-2022). Studies investigating the expression of in the peripheral blood or tissue of patients with PTC were deemed eligible for inclusion. Seven of the 286 screened studies met the inclusion criteria for mTOR gene expression and four for mTOR protein expression. We also analyzed the data on mTOR protein expression in PTC. We analyzed the association of expression with papillary thyroid cancer clinicopathological features, such as the TNM stage, BRAF V600E mutation, sex distribution, lymph node and distant metastases, and survival prognosis. Understanding specific factors involved in PTC tumorigenesis provides opportunities for targeted therapies. We also reviewed the possible new targeted therapies and the use of mTOR inhibitors in PTC. This topic requires further research with novel techniques to translate the achieved results to clinical application.
PubMed: 36980552
DOI: 10.3390/cancers15061665 -
Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons... Jan 2022Oncoplastic breast conserving surgery allows higher volume excision to achieve oncological safety with minimal aesthetic compromise. The primary outcome of this study...
INTRODUCTION
Oncoplastic breast conserving surgery allows higher volume excision to achieve oncological safety with minimal aesthetic compromise. The primary outcome of this study was to assess the oncological safety in the setting of volume replacement oncoplastic breast conserving surgery. The secondary objective was to assess cosmetic outcome.
METHODS
A systematic literature review was conducted using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses guidelines to explore the oncological safety of oncoplastic breast conserving surgery, with particular focus on volume replacement. Resection margin rates, re-excision rates, conversion to mastectomy rates, local and distant disease recurrence, volume replacement techniques, cosmetic outcomes and patient-reported outcome measures were assessed.
FINDINGS
The search criteria identified 155 articles, of which 40 met the inclusion criteria. These studies included 2,497 patients with a mean age of 47.8 years (range 38.4-59.6 years), a body mass index of 24.3kg/m (22.1-28.0kg/m), with a mean follow-up of 37.1 months (6-125 months). A variety of volume replacement techniques were used, most commonly latissimus dorsi and chest wall perforator flaps. Whole mean pathological tumour size was 29.7mm (17-65mm) and mean specimen weight was 123.6g (46.5-220g). Mean re-excision rate was 7.2% and completion mastectomy rate was 2.3%. Locoregional and distant recurrence rate was 2.5% (0-8.1%) and 3.1% (0-14.6%), respectively. There were a variety of patient-reported outcome measures employed, with overall good to excellent outcomes.
CONCLUSIONS
This review demonstrates that volume replacement oncoplastic breast conserving surgery is a safe option in terms of re-excision, completion mastectomy rates, and local and distant recurrence. Available patient-related outcome measures and cosmetic assessment tend towards better outcomes compared with wide local excision and mastectomy. However, data are significantly limited, with a paucity of high-level evidence, and it is therefore necessary to be cautious regarding the strength and interpretation of data in this review. Further prospective studies are required on this subject.
Topics: Breast Neoplasms; Esthetics; Female; Humans; Margins of Excision; Mastectomy; Mastectomy, Segmental; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Patient Reported Outcome Measures; Surgical Flaps
PubMed: 34767472
DOI: 10.1308/rcsann.2021.0012 -
Skin Health and Disease Apr 2023Malignant Chondroid Syringomas (MCS) are very rare malignant tumours arising from cutaneous sweat glands, with only 51 reported cases in the literature. These tumours...
Malignant Chondroid Syringomas (MCS) are very rare malignant tumours arising from cutaneous sweat glands, with only 51 reported cases in the literature. These tumours can metastasize and cause death if not treated adequately. While there are histological criteria to diagnose MCS tumours, there are no established criterion to determine which tumours are more or less likely to metastasize. A systematic review was performed to establish if any features of the primary MCS tumour are associated with risk of metastasis or patient mortality, as well as the efficacy of common treatment options. The literature search was performed using the Ovid Medline and Web of Science databases from inception through March 2020. This yielded 47 case reports corresponding to 51 unique patients. Statistical analysis of the collected data revealed none of the commonly accepted malignant histopathologic findings (including nuclear atypia and/or pleomorphism, mitotic figures, an infiltrative growth pattern, presence of satellite nodules, necrosis, and vascular and/or perineural invasion) of the primary tumour to be significantly more associated with metastatic risk or death. However, gross characteristics of the tumour, including size (greater than 5 cm) and truncal location of the primary lesion, were found to be associated with a higher risk of metastasis. The most effective treatment modality was wide local excision. Overall, primary MCS tumours, especially those greater than 5 cm or located on the trunk, should be treated with a wide local excision and followed closely to confirm no lesion recurrence or distant metastasis.
PubMed: 37013126
DOI: 10.1002/ski2.144 -
Oncotarget Jul 2017The special AT-rich sequence-binding proteins 1 (SATB1) is a major regulator involved in cell differentiation. It has been shown that SATB1 acts as an oncogenic... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
The special AT-rich sequence-binding proteins 1 (SATB1) is a major regulator involved in cell differentiation. It has been shown that SATB1 acts as an oncogenic regulator. The clinical and prognostic significance of SATB1 in gastrointestinal cancer remains controversial. The purpose of this study is to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to elucidate the impact of SATB1 in gastrointestinal cancer.
RESULTS
A total of 3174 gastrointestinal cancer patients from 15 studies were included. The correlation between SATB1 expression and OS or RFS was investigated in 12 and 5 studies respectively. The results of meta-analysis showed that SATB1 overexpression is inversely correlated with OS (combined HR: 1.79, p = 0.0003) and RFS (combined HR: 2.46, p < 0.0001). In subgroup analysis, SATB1 expression is significantly correlated with poor prognosis in gastrointestinal cancer in Asian population. SATB1 expression is associated with stage, invasion depth, lymph node metastasis and distant metastasis.
METHODOLOGY
Published studies with data on overall survival (OS) and/or relapse free survival (RFS) and SATB1 expression were searched from Cochrane Library, PubMed and Embase (up to Dec 30, 2016). The outcome measurement is hazard ratio (HR) for OS or RFS related with SATB1 expression. Two reviewers independently screened the literatures, extracted the data and performed meta-analysis using RevMan 5.3.0 software. The combined HRs were calculated by fixed- or random-effect models.
CONCLUSIONS
The results of this meta-analysis suggest that SATB1 overexpression is related to advanced stage, lymph node metastasis and distant metastasis. SATB1 overexpression is a marker indicating poor prognosis in gastrointestinal cancer.
Topics: Asian People; Biomarkers, Tumor; Gastrointestinal Neoplasms; Gene Expression; Humans; Matrix Attachment Region Binding Proteins; Neoplasm Staging; Odds Ratio; Prognosis; Proportional Hazards Models; Publication Bias; White People
PubMed: 28430598
DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16867 -
Frontiers in Surgery 2021The identification of reliable biomarkers for predicting disease recurrence and the survival of patients with cancer is of great importance. Numerous previous studies...
BACKGROUND
The identification of reliable biomarkers for predicting disease recurrence and the survival of patients with cancer is of great importance. Numerous previous studies have revealed that the abnormal expression of the suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) was associated with patient outcomes. However, these results were inconsistent. The aim of the present study was to assess the prognostic value of SOCS3 in patients with solid tumors.
METHODS
Studies focusing on the prognostic value of SOCS3 in solid tumors were searched for in the PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Scopus databases. We included studies that compared disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival based on different levels of SOCS3. Other outcomes (e.g., Edmondson grading, tumor size, tumor vascular invasion, lymph node invasion, and distant metastasis) were also considered. The hazard ratio (HR)/risk ratio (RR) and corresponding 95% CI were determined.
RESULTS
Twelve studies with 1,551 patients were included in this meta-analysis. The pooled analysis demonstrated that the higher expression of SOCS3 was significantly associated with better disease-free survival (HR:0.36, 95% CI:0.17-0.77, < 0.001) and overall survival (HR:0.45, 95% CI:0.32-0.62, < 0.001) compared with low expression. Moreover, SOCS3 expression was closely correlated with the Edmondson grading [odds ratio (OR):0.77, 95% CI:0.61-0.98, = 0.033], vascular invasion (OR:0.63, 95% CI:0.52-0.78, < 0.001), and distant metastasis (OR:0.73, 95% CI:0.51-1.03, = 76). However, the levels of SOCS3 were not significantly associated with tumor size (OR:0.85, 95% CI:0.71-1.03, = 0.090) and lymph node invasion (OR:0.73, 95% CI:0.51-1.03, = 0.076).
CONCLUSION
Increased SOCS3 expression in tumor mass was associated with better DFS and OS, suggesting it might be a novel and reliable biomarker for predicting the risk of cancer recurrence and mortality.
PubMed: 35295537
DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2021.802143 -
Dermatology Online Journal Mar 2020New treatment options for warts include intralesional wart injection with agents such as vitamin D, measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine antigen, Bacillus...
BACKGROUND
New treatment options for warts include intralesional wart injection with agents such as vitamin D, measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine antigen, Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) antigen, and candida antigen but there have been limited studies to compare their efficacies.
OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this systematic review is to compare the efficacy and safety of injectable agents used for the treatment of warts.
METHODS
A PubMed search included terms "intralesional wart therapy," "wart injection" and "verruca injection." Articles reviewed were published over 10 years.
RESULTS
A total of 43 articles were reviewed; 30 covered studies with more than 10 participants and 13 were case reports, case series, and reviews. In comparison studies intralesional agents have equal or superior efficacy (66%-94.9%) compared to first-line salicylic acid or cryotherapy (65.5-76.5%). One advantage of intralesional injections is the rate of complete resolution of distant warts.
LIMITATIONS
Each study varied in their agents, treatment interval, and treatment dose, making comparisons difficult.
CONCLUSIONS
Intralesional wart injections are safe, affordable, and efficacious treatments for warts. Physicians should consider intralesional injections for patients with refractory warts, multiple warts, or warts in sensitive areas.
Topics: Aminolevulinic Acid; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antiviral Agents; BCG Vaccine; Bacterial Vaccines; Humans; Injections, Intralesional; Interferon-alpha; Mycobacterium; Tuberculin; Vitamin D; Warts
PubMed: 32609439
DOI: No ID Found -
Scientific Reports Dec 2016Various literatures have demonstrated that overexpression of Metadherin (MTDH) is correlated with tumor metastasis and it can predict poor survival outcomes in female... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Various literatures have demonstrated that overexpression of Metadherin (MTDH) is correlated with tumor metastasis and it can predict poor survival outcomes in female reproduction malignancies. In order to enhance the statistical power and reach a recognized conclusion, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to thoroughly investigate the association of MTDH expression with tumor metastasis and survival outcomes following PRISMA guidelines. Odds ratios (ORs) and hazard ratios (HRs) were used to demonstrate the impact of MTDH on tumor metastasis and prognosis respectively. Data were pooled with appropriate effects model on STATA12.0. Our results indicated that high MTDH expression is significantly correlated with higher mortality for breast, ovarian and cervical cancer. High immunohistochemical expression of MTDH is remarkably associated with shorter disease-free survival (DFS) in breast cancer but not in ovarian cancer. The pooled results suggested that high level of MTDH significantly predicted distant metastasis and lymph node metastasis in breast cancer. Strong associations were observed between MTDH expression and lymph node metastasis in ovarian and cervical cancer. In conclusion, MTDH might be a novel biomarker which can effectively reflect metastasis status and prognosis of breast cancer. However, its application in clinical practice needs more prospective studies with large samples.
Topics: Biomarkers, Tumor; Breast Neoplasms; Cell Adhesion Molecules; Female; Gene Expression; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Lymphatic Metastasis; Membrane Proteins; Ovarian Neoplasms; Prognosis; RNA-Binding Proteins; Survival Analysis; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms
PubMed: 27917902
DOI: 10.1038/srep38365 -
Frontiers in Endocrinology 2022Prostate cancer is a common malignancy affecting men worldwide. While the vast majority of newly diagnosed prostate cancers are categorized as adenocarcinomas, a...
Prostate cancer is a common malignancy affecting men worldwide. While the vast majority of newly diagnosed prostate cancers are categorized as adenocarcinomas, a spectrum of uncommon tumor types occur including those with small cell and neuroendocrine cell features. Benign neuroendocrine cells exist in the normal prostate microenvironment, and these cells may give rise to primary neuroendocrine carcinomas. However, the more common development of neuroendocrine prostate cancer is observed after therapeutics designed to repress the signaling program regulated by the androgen receptor which is active in the majority of localized and metastatic adenocarcinomas. Neuroendocrine tumors are identified through immunohistochemical staining for common markers including chromogranin A/B, synaptophysin and neuron specific enolase (NSE). These markers are also common to neuroendocrine tumors that arise in other tissues and organs such as the gastrointestinal tract, pancreas, lung and skin. Notably, neuroendocrine prostate cancer shares biochemical features with nerve cells, particularly functions involving the secretion of a variety of peptides and proteins. These secreted factors have the potential to exert local paracrine effects, and distant endocrine effects that may modulate tumor progression, invasion, and resistance to therapy. This review discusses the spectrum of factors derived from neuroendocrine prostate cancers and their potential to influence the pathophysiology of localized and metastatic prostate cancer.
Topics: Male; Humans; Prostate; Prostatic Neoplasms; Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine; Adenocarcinoma; Neuroendocrine Tumors; Tumor Microenvironment
PubMed: 36440195
DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1012005 -
Cancers Feb 2023The present study aimed to assess the association between the cribriform pattern (CP)/intraductal carcinoma (IDC) and the adverse pathological and clinical outcomes in... (Review)
Review
The present study aimed to assess the association between the cribriform pattern (CP)/intraductal carcinoma (IDC) and the adverse pathological and clinical outcomes in the radical prostatectomy (RP) cohort. A systematic search was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis statement (PRISMA). The protocol from this review was registered on the PROSPERO platform. We searched PubMed, the Cochrane Library and EM-BASE up to the 30th of April 2022. The outcomes of interest were the extraprostatic extension (EPE), seminal vesicle invasion (SVI), lymph node metastasis (LNS met), risk of biochemical recurrence (BCR), distant metastasis (MET) and disease-specific death (DSD). As a result, we identified 16 studies with 164 296 patients. A total of 13 studies containing 3254 RP patients were eligible for the meta-analysis. The CP/IDC was associated with adverse outcomes, including EPE (pooled OR = 2.55, 95%CI 1.23-5.26), SVI (pooled OR = 4.27, 95%CI 1.90-9.64), LNs met (pooled OR = 6.47, 95%CI 3.76-11.14), BCR (pooled OR = 5.09, 95%CI 2.23-11.62) and MET/DSD (pooled OR = 9.84, 95%CI 2.75-35.20, < 0.001). In conclusion, the CP/IDC belong to highly malignant prostate cancer patterns which have a negative impact on both the pathological and clinical outcomes. The presence of the CP/IDC should be included in the surgical planning and postoperative treatment guidance.
PubMed: 36900164
DOI: 10.3390/cancers15051372 -
Frontiers in Oncology 2022Minimally invasive partial nephrectomy (MIPN) and focal therapy (FT) are popular trends for small renal masses (SRMs). However, there is currently no systematic...
BACKGROUND
Minimally invasive partial nephrectomy (MIPN) and focal therapy (FT) are popular trends for small renal masses (SRMs). However, there is currently no systematic comparison between MIPN and FT of SRMs. Therefore, we systematically study the perioperative, renal functional, and oncologic outcomes of MIPN and FT in SRMs.
METHODS
We have searched the Embase, Cochrane Library, and PubMed for articles between MIPN (robot-assisted partial nephrectomy and laparoscopic partial nephrectomy) and FT {radiofrequency ablation (RFA), microwave ablation (MWA), cryoablation (CA), irreversible electroporation, non-thermal [irreversible electroporation (IRE)] ablation, and stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT)}. We calculated pooled mean difference (MD), odds ratios (ORs), and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) (CRD42021260787).
RESULTS
A total of 26 articles (n = 4,420) were included in the study. Compared with MIPN, the operating time (OP) of FT had significantly lower (SMD, -1.20; CI, -1.77 to -0.63; I = 97.6%, P < 0.0001), estimated blood loss (EBL) of FT had significantly less (SMD, -1.20; CI, -1.77 to -0.63; I = 97.6%, P < 0.0001), length of stay (LOS) had shorter (SMD, -0.90; CI, -1.26 to -0.53; I = 92.2%, P < 0.0001), and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of FT was significantly lower decrease (SMD, -0.90; CI, -1.26 to -0.53; I = 92.2%, P < 0.0001). However, FT possessed lower risk in minor complications (Clavien 1-2) (OR, 0.69; CI, 0.45 to 1.07; I = 47%, P = 0.023) and overall complications (OR, 0.71; CI, 0.51 to 0.99; I = 49.2%, P = 0.008). Finally, there are no obvious difference between FT and MIPN in local recurrence, distant metastasis, and major complications (P > 0.05).
CONCLUSION
FT has more advantages in protecting kidney function, reducing bleeding, shortening operating time, and shortening the length of stay. There is no difference in local recurrence, distant metastasis, and major complications. For the minimally invasive era, we need to weigh the advantages and disadvantages of all aspects to make comprehensive choices.
SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION
https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/#recordDetails, identifier PROSPERO (CRD42021260787).
PubMed: 35692758
DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.732714