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Childhood maltreatment and sleep in children and adolescents: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Sleep Medicine Reviews Jun 2022Childhood maltreatment is a global problem with the risk of serious health consequences for children and adolescents, including sleep problems. Former systematic reviews... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Childhood maltreatment is a global problem with the risk of serious health consequences for children and adolescents, including sleep problems. Former systematic reviews have examined the association between childhood maltreatment and sleep problems in adults, but no systematic review has investigated the literature on childhood maltreatment and sleep problems in childhood and adolescence. We published a protocol (PROSPERO: CRD42021225741) and conducted a systematic literature search using nine electronic databases. Upon duplicate removal, 1530 records were screened against the inclusion criteria, and 26 studies were included in the review. The most studied sleep outcomes were symptoms of insomnia, sleep duration and nightmares. The results showed significant associations between exposure to childhood maltreatment and insomnia symptoms (OR 3.91, 95%CI: 2.64-5.79, p < .001), shorter sleep duration (-12.1 min, 95%CI: -19.4 to -4.7, p < .001) and nightmares (OR 3.15, 95%CI: 2.38-4.18, p < 001). There was a considerable heterogeneity in measures and instruments used to examine sleep and maltreatment. Our findings highlight the importance of screening and intervening for sleep problems in children and adolescents exposed to childhood maltreatment.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Child; Child Abuse; Dreams; Humans; Sleep; Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders; Sleep Wake Disorders
PubMed: 35313257
DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2022.101617 -
Sleep Medicine Reviews Feb 2022Night-waking is typical across infancy and early childhood, inevitably disrupting family sleep. For some children, sleep problems develop and endure throughout... (Review)
Review
Night-waking is typical across infancy and early childhood, inevitably disrupting family sleep. For some children, sleep problems develop and endure throughout childhood. This systematic review focused on fathers, and synthesised the evidence pertaining to the effects of children's sleep (from birth to 12 years) on fathers' health and wellbeing. A total of 29 studies were included. Key outcomes reported for fathers were: sleep and fatigue; mental and general health; and family functioning. An association between child sleep and father's sleep was observed when child's sleep was measured via actigraphy or paternal report, but not when measured via maternal report, suggesting that mothers may not always be aware of disruptions that awaken fathers. Findings showed poorer child sleep was associated with poorer general health and wellbeing among fathers, however, associations of poor child sleep with depression were fewer, and less frequent than those reported for mothers in the same households. Poor child sleep was negatively associated with the quality of family relationships, both within the couple and between parent and child. Future studies seeking to understand the interplay of child sleep and family wellbeing should apply objective measurement of sleep and integrate formal measures of family dynamics into the study design.
Topics: Child; Child, Preschool; Fathers; Female; Humans; Male; Mothers; Parents; Sleep; Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders
PubMed: 34896729
DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2021.101570 -
Sleep Medicine Reviews Jun 2023Lower urinary tract symptoms represent a significant public health problem worldwide, impairing patients' quality of life, especially in elderly people. Among LUTS,... (Review)
Review
Lower urinary tract symptoms represent a significant public health problem worldwide, impairing patients' quality of life, especially in elderly people. Among LUTS, nocturia is assessed as the most experienced entity related to several disorders such as sleep disorders and/or obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). Among OSAS patients, nocturia stands as a bothersome symptom that increases alongside with the OSAS severity. However, despite the nocturia and OSAS shared a long-acknowledged link, the causes, and the pathophysiology for development of nocturia in OSAS have remained largely unexamined. Generally, the patients with OSAS experienced nocturia due to easy waking or increased bladder filling. However, nor the effect of treatment on management of nocturia in OSAS patients are well-established.
Topics: Humans; Aged; Nocturia; Quality of Life; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive; Continuous Positive Airway Pressure
PubMed: 37167825
DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2023.101787 -
Sleep Medicine Reviews Aug 2022Sleep deprivation, alone or in combination with pharmacological treatment and as part of a chronotherapy package, is of potential use for people with major depressive... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Sleep deprivation, alone or in combination with pharmacological treatment and as part of a chronotherapy package, is of potential use for people with major depressive episodes, however the evidence base is still conflicting. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to assess the clinical effects of sleep deprivation in comparison to any other intervention for the acute and long-term treatment of mood disorders. We searched electronic databases and trial registries (last update: 16th October 2021) for published and unpublished randomised controlled trials recruiting participants with a major depressive episode in unipolar or bipolar affective disorder. The clinical outcomes of interest were the reduction in depressive symptoms at different timepoints and the number of participants experiencing at least one side effect. Overall, 29 trials (1246 participants) were included. We did not find any difference in change in symptoms or all-cause discontinuation between interventions including SD compared to a control of the same intervention except without SD. In the included studies there were no available data for adverse events. Using the most methodologically rigorous approach, we did not find evidence that the addition of sleep deprivation to treatment packages leads to enhanced depressive outcomes.
Topics: Antidepressive Agents; Bipolar Disorder; Depressive Disorder, Major; Humans; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Sleep Deprivation
PubMed: 35700677
DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2022.101647 -
Sleep Medicine Apr 2023Despite improvements in survival rates, risk of recurrent events following stroke remains high. Identifying intervention targets to reduce secondary cardiovascular risk... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Despite improvements in survival rates, risk of recurrent events following stroke remains high. Identifying intervention targets to reduce secondary cardiovascular risk in stroke survivors is a priority. The relationship between sleep and stroke is complex: sleep disturbances are likely both a contributor to, and consequence of, stroke. The current aim was to examine the association between sleep disturbance and recurrent major acute coronary events or all-cause mortality in the post-stroke population. Thirty-two studies were identified, including 22 observational studies and 10 randomized clinical trials (RCTs). Identified studies included the following as predictors of post-stroke recurrent events: obstructive sleep apnea (OSA, n = 15 studies), treatment of OSA with positive airway pressure (PAP, n = 13 studies), sleep quality and/or insomnia (n = 3 studies), sleep duration (n = 1 study), polysomnographic sleep/sleep architecture metrics (n = 1 study), and restless legs syndrome (n = 1 study). A positive relationship of OSA and/or OSA severity with recurrent events/mortality was seen. Findings on PAP treatment for OSA were mixed. Positive findings indicating a benefit of PAP for post-stroke risk came largely from observational studies (pooled RR [95% CI] for association between PAP and recurrent cardiovascular event: 0.37 [0.17-0.79], I = 0%). Negative findings came largely from RCTs (RR [95% CI] for association between PAP and recurrent cardiovascular event + death: 0.70 [0.43-1.13], I = 30%). From the limited number of studies conducted to date, insomnia symptoms/poor sleep quality and long sleep duration were associated with increased risk. Sleep, a modifiable behavior, may be a secondary prevention target to reduce the risk of recurrent event and death following stroke. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION: PROSPERO CRD42021266558.
Topics: Humans; Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders; Stroke; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive; Sleep; Continuous Positive Airway Pressure
PubMed: 36889030
DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2023.02.019 -
Arhiv Za Higijenu Rada I Toksikologiju Dec 2010This paper discusses the negative effects of shiftwork which are classified into four categories: biological functions, efficiency, social/family domains and health. It... (Review)
Review
This paper discusses the negative effects of shiftwork which are classified into four categories: biological functions, efficiency, social/family domains and health. It presents systematic review of previous studies which indicated at health problems in shiftworkers which can, at least in part, be attributed to disturbation of circadian rhythms imposed by shift/night work. Health problems which are connected with shiftwork are: sleeping problems, gastrointestinal and cardiovascular diseases, carcinoma, problems with reproductive health in women and lower levels of psychological health.The paper also discusses about shiftwork tolerance. The process model of shiftwork and health, made by Smith and his coworkers in 1999, is used as theoretical framework. An accent is put on individual and organisational factors which are important for shiftwork adaptation and tolerance. Significant predictors of shiftwork tolerance are: age, gender, morningness-eveningness, rigidity-flexibility of sleeping habits, family situation, sleep hygiene and food intake. Regarding studies which indicated important aspects of shiftwork organization, such as: number of working shifts and working hours, regularity of shifts, pace and direction of shifts' rotation, recommendations for shiftwork management are given.
Topics: Circadian Rhythm; Health Status; Humans; Interpersonal Relations; Sleep Disorders, Circadian Rhythm; Work Schedule Tolerance
PubMed: 21183438
DOI: 10.2478/10004-1254-61-2010-2036 -
Journal of Sleep Research Dec 2023Cognition is central to the experience of insomnia. Although unhelpful thoughts about and around insomnia are a primary treatment target of cognitive behaviour therapy... (Review)
Review
Cognition is central to the experience of insomnia. Although unhelpful thoughts about and around insomnia are a primary treatment target of cognitive behaviour therapy for insomnia, cognitive constructs are termed and conceptualised differently in different theories of insomnia proposed over the past decades. In search of consensus in thinking, the current systematic review identified cognitive factors and processes featured in theoretical models of insomnia and mapped any commonality between models. We systematically searched PsycINFO and PubMed for published theoretical articles on the development, maintenance and remission of insomnia, from inception of databases to February, 2023. A total of 2458 records were identified for title and abstract screening. Of these, 34 were selected for full-text assessment and 12 included for analysis and data synthesis following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. We identified nine distinguishable models of insomnia published between 1982 and 2023 and extracted 20 cognitive factors and processes featured in these models; 39 if sub-factors were counted. After assigning similarity ratings, we observed a high degree of overlap between constructs despite apparent differences in terminologies and measurement methods. As a result, we highlight shifts in thinking around cognitions associated with insomnia and discuss future directions.
Topics: Humans; Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders; Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
PubMed: 37364869
DOI: 10.1111/jsr.13923 -
Frontiers in Public Health 2023There is a need for evidence-informed guidance on the use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) for insomnia because of its widespread utilization and a lack...
Identifying complementary and alternative medicine recommendations for insomnia treatment and care: a systematic review and critical assessment of comprehensive clinical practice guidelines.
BACKGROUND
There is a need for evidence-informed guidance on the use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) for insomnia because of its widespread utilization and a lack of guidance on the balance of benefits and harms. This systematic review aimed to identify and summarize the CAM recommendations associated with insomnia treatment and care from existing comprehensive clinical practice guidelines (CPGs). The quality of the eligible guidelines was appraised to assess the credibility of these recommendations.
METHODS
Formally published CPGs incorporating CAM recommendations for insomnia management were searched for in seven databases from their inception to January 2023. The NCCIH website and six websites of international guideline developing institutions were also retrieved. The methodological and reporting quality of each included guideline was appraised using the AGREE II instrument and RIGHT statement, respectively.
RESULTS
Seventeen eligible GCPs were included, and 14 were judged to be of moderate to high methodological and reporting quality. The reporting rate of eligible CPGs ranged from 42.9 to 97.1%. Twenty-two CAM modalities were implicated, involving nutritional or natural products, physical CAM, psychological CAM, homeopathy, aromatherapy, and mindful movements. Recommendations for these modalities were mostly unclear, unambiguous, uncertain, or conflicting. Logically explained graded recommendations supporting the CAM use in the treatment and/or care of insomnia were scarce, with bibliotherapy, Tai Chi, Yoga, and auriculotherapy positively recommended based on little and weak evidence. The only consensus was that four phytotherapeutics including valerian, chamomile, kava, and aromatherapy were not recommended for insomnia management because of risk profile and/or limited benefits.
CONCLUSIONS
Existing guidelines are generally limited in providing clear, evidence-informed recommendations for the use of CAM therapies for insomnia management due to a lack of high-quality evidence and multidisciplinary consultation in CPG development. More well-designed studies to provide reliable clinical evidence are therefore urgently needed. Allowing the engagement of a range of interdisciplinary stakeholders in future updates of CPGs is also warranted.
SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION
https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=369155, identifier: CRD42022369155.
Topics: Humans; Bibliotherapy; Complementary Therapies; Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders; Yoga; Practice Guidelines as Topic
PubMed: 37397764
DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1157419 -
The Cochrane Database of Systematic... Mar 2017Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a common disease affecting about 5% to 15% of the population. Symptoms of RLS can be severe in a minority of and can have a major impact... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a common disease affecting about 5% to 15% of the population. Symptoms of RLS can be severe in a minority of and can have a major impact on sleep, mostly sleep initiation, and quality of life. Benzodiazepines are drugs that can induce and maintain sleep and, hence, intuitively are thought to be beneficial to people with RLS. Altough benzodiazepines, particularly clonazepam, are used to treat RLS symptoms, a systematic review done by the American Academy of Sleep Medicine stated that benzodiazepines should not be used as a first-line treatment, although could be used as a coadjuvant therapy.
OBJECTIVES
To evaluate the efficacy and safety of benzodiazepine compared to placebo or other treatment for idiopathic RLS, including unconfounded trials comparing benzodiazepines versus open control.
SEARCH METHODS
In March 2016 we searched CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase and LILACS We checked the references of each study and contacted study authors to identify any additional studies. We considered studies published in any language.
SELECTION CRITERIA
Randomised clinical trials of benzodiazepine treatment in idiopathic RLS.
DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
We did not perform data collection and analysis, since we did not include any studies, MAIN RESULTS: We did not identify any studies that met the inclusion criteria of the review. Two cross-over studies are awaiting classification because the cross-over trials did not give data at the end of the first cross-over period.
AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS
The effectiveness of benzodiazepines for RLS treatment is currently unknown.
Topics: Benzodiazepines; Humans; Restless Legs Syndrome
PubMed: 28319266
DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD006939.pub2 -
BMC Cancer Sep 2023The relationship between sleep disturbances and lung cancer is complex and bidirectional. This meta-epidemiological study aimed to explore the potential association... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
The relationship between sleep disturbances and lung cancer is complex and bidirectional. This meta-epidemiological study aimed to explore the potential association between sleep disruption and the risk of pulmonary cancer.
METHODS
We conducted a comprehensive literature search of the PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases to retrieve relevant studies. We employed the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale to assess the quality of the observational studies. Stata 17.0 was used to synthesize and conduct a meta-analysis of odds ratios (ORs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs). We used funnel plot analysis and Egger's regression test to evaluate potential publication bias.
RESULTS
A total of 11 studies were included with 469,691 participants. The methodological quality of the included studies ranged from moderate to high. Compared with 7-8 h of sleep time, short sleep duration was associated with a 13% higher lung cancer risk [OR, 1.13; 95%CI: 1.02-1.25; I = 67.6%; P = 0.018] and long sleep duration with a 22% higher risk [OR, 1.22; 95%CI: 1.12-1.33; I = 6.9%; P < 0.001]. Insomnia symptoms [OR, 1.11; 95%CI: 1.07-1.16; I = 0%; P < 0.001] and evening chronotype [OR, 1.15; 95%CI: 1.05-1.26; P = 0.002] were all related to a higher risk of lung cancer. Egger's test revealed no publication bias for sleep duration (P = 0.13).
DISCUSSION
This systematic review is the first one which observes positive correction between sleep disturbances and the incidence of lung cancer. While the plausible mechanism is not clear, it is hypothesized that the association of short sleep duration and lung cancer mainly mediated by melatonin secretion and the immune-inflammatory balance. Further studies are needed to examine whether other risk factors, such as age, occupation, cumulative effect of sleep disturbances might mediate the relationship between sleep disturbances and lung cancer risk.
CONCLUSION
The present study revealed that insufficient and excessive sleep duration, insomnia symptoms, and evening chronotype were significantly predictive of an increased risk of lung cancer. This finding underscores the need to account for sleep disturbances as an independent risk factor for evaluating susceptibility to lung cancer.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
CRD42023405351.
Topics: Humans; Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders; Lung Neoplasms; Sleep Wake Disorders; Sleep; Epidemiologic Studies
PubMed: 37726707
DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-11392-2