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Dental Research Journal Sep 2016The high prevalence of malocclusion is a public health problem in the world and the third priority in oral care. Numerous primary studies have presented reports on the... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
The high prevalence of malocclusion is a public health problem in the world and the third priority in oral care. Numerous primary studies have presented reports on the prevalence of malocclusion among Iranian children. In combination, the results of these studies using meta-analysis are highly valuable for health policy-making. Similarly, this study aimed at determining the prevalence of different types of malocclusion among Iranian children.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Using relevant keywords, national and international databases were explored. After narrowing down the search strategy and leaving out the duplicates, the remaining articles were screened based on titles and abstracts. To increase search sensitivity, reference lists of the papers were examined. To identify unpublished articles and documentations, a set of negotiations were done with the people involved and research centers. Finally, the heterogeneity index between the studies was determined using Cochran (Q) and I tests. According to the results of heterogeneity, the random effects model was used to estimate the prevalence of malocclusion in Iran.
RESULTS
In total, 25 articles were included in the meta-analysis process. The prevalence of dental malocclusion was estimated in 28,693 Iranian children aged 3-18 years. The total prevalence of Class I, II, and III malocclusion was 54.6% (46.5-62.7), 24.7% (20.8-28.7), and 6.01% (4-7.1), respectively. The prevalence of Class I, II, and III malocclusion was 44.6% (32.9-56.2), 21.5% (18.01-25.1), and 4.5% (3.2-5.9) in boys and 48.8% (36.8-60.8), 21.5% (16.9-25.1), and 5.5% (3.9-7.1) in girls, respectively.
CONCLUSION
This study showed a high prevalence of malocclusion among Iranian children. Also, the results indicated that the prevalence is higher in girls.
PubMed: 27857763
DOI: 10.4103/1735-3327.192269 -
Advances in Clinical and Experimental... Nov 2019Down syndrome (DS) is the most often diagnosed chromosomal disorder in newborns. The incidence is 1:792 live births. The article describes the irregularities and...
Down syndrome (DS) is the most often diagnosed chromosomal disorder in newborns. The incidence is 1:792 live births. The article describes the irregularities and characteristics found in trisomy 21, which greatly affect the functioning of the stomatognathic system. The most significant disorders include the following: false macroglossia, muscular hypotonia and gothic palate. These abnormalities affect articulation, breathing, food intake, and swallowing. We analyzed the morphological characteristics of the craniofacial region in children with DS based on the current literature review. The following databases were used for the analysis: MEDLINE (via PubMed), Scopus, Infona, and Dentistry & Oral Sciences Source. In the course of the study, 199 pieces of literature were analyzed; the analysis also included 18 articles on children and adults with DS. It also took into account the structure of the palate, dental and skeletal defects, size of the tongue, muscular hypotonia, and temporomandibular joint dysfunction. Down syndrome is still a current subject of research. Although macroglossia, hypotonia, malocclusion, and temporomandibular joint abnormalities are not features exclusive to DS, numerous dysfunctions and parafunctions as well as retarded psychomotor development greatly complicate the treatment. Therefore, interdisciplinary treatment of patients with trisomy 21 and early treatment in the first months of life with the use of the Castillo-Morales plate are very important, as they ensure better adaptation to the subsequently used apparatus and reduce the risk of disorders of the stomatognathic system.
Topics: Down Syndrome; Facial Muscles; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Macroglossia; Muscle Hypotonia; Tongue; Trisomy
PubMed: 31778604
DOI: 10.17219/acem/112785 -
The Angle Orthodontist Mar 2020To evaluate systematically the effectiveness of miniscrew-supported maxillary incisor intrusion compared with other nonsurgical intrusive mechanics for deep-bite... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
OBJECTIVES
To evaluate systematically the effectiveness of miniscrew-supported maxillary incisor intrusion compared with other nonsurgical intrusive mechanics for deep-bite correction.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Unrestricted electronic searches in Embase, Web of Science, MEDLINE, LILACS, and Cochrane's CENTRAL as well as manual searches were conducted up to August 2019. Only randomized clinical trials (RCTs) were included. Study selection, data extraction, and bias assessment were done by two independent reviewers. The Cochrane risk-of-bias tool was used, and the quality of evidence was graded using the GRADE approach. A random-effects meta-analysis of continuous data, with its 95% confidence intervals (CIs), was used.
RESULTS
Seven RCTs were included in the quantitative synthesis, and the overall quality of evidence was very low to low. When compared with intrusion arches, miniscrews resulted in a more efficient deep-bite reduction with a standardized mean difference (SMD) of -0.48 (95% CI, -0.89 to -0.07). When miniscrews were used, a statistically significant difference was observed favoring less maxillary molar extrusion (SMD, -0.86; 95% CI, -1.46 to -0.27) and more incisor intrusion as measured from centroid to palatal plane (SMD, -0.95; 95% CI, -1.41 to -0.49). Results also showed a statistically nonsignificant difference regarding the amount of resultant root resorption between miniscrews and intrusion arches.
CONCLUSIONS
There is weak evidence indicating efficient deep-bite correction using miniscrews. Root resorption seems to be an associated adverse effect that occurs regardless of the intrusive mechanics used. These conclusions should be viewed with great caution as further well-designed long-term research is recommended.
Topics: Bone Screws; Humans; Incisor; Orthodontic Anchorage Procedures; Overbite; Tooth Movement Techniques
PubMed: 31816252
DOI: 10.2319/061119-400.1 -
Brazilian Oral Research 2019Observational studies have indicated that crestal bone level changes at implants are typically associated with clinical signs of inflammation, but still mechanical...
Observational studies have indicated that crestal bone level changes at implants are typically associated with clinical signs of inflammation, but still mechanical overload has been described as possible factor leading to hard-tissue deficiencies at implant sites without mucosal inflammation. The aim of this paper was systematically review the literature regarding the possible effect of traumatic occlusal forces on the peri-implant bone levels. Literature search was conducted using PubMed, Scielo and Lilacs, including the following terms: oral OR dental AND implant$ AND (load OR overload OR excessive load OR force$ OR bruxism) AND (bone loss OR bone resorption OR implant failure$). Databases were searched for the past 10 years of publications, including: clinical human studies, either randomized or not, cohort studies, case control studies, case series and animal research. Exclusion criteria were review articles, guidelines and in vitro and in silico (finite element analysis) research, as well as retrospective studies. The PICO questions formulated was: "does traumatic occlusal forces lead to peri-implant bone loss?" The database searches as well as additional hand searching, resulted in 807 potentially relevant titles. After inclusion/exclusion criteria assessment 2 clinical and 4 animal studies were considered relevant to the topic. The included animal studies did not reveal an association between overload and peri-implant bone loss when lower overloads were applied, whereas in the presence of excessive overload it seemed to generate peri-implant bone loss, even in the absence of inflammation. The effect of traumatic occlusal forces in peri-implant bone loss is poorly reported and provides little evidence to support a cause-and-effect relationship in humans, considering the strength of a clinically relevant traumatic occlusal force.
Topics: Alveolar Bone Loss; Bite Force; Bone Resorption; Bruxism; Dental Occlusion, Traumatic; Humans; Peri-Implantitis; Time Factors; Treatment Failure
PubMed: 31576953
DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2019.vol33.0069 -
Progress in Orthodontics Sep 2020The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to assess the degree of stability of anterior open bite (AOB) treatment performed through the molar intrusion... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
OBJECTIVES
The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to assess the degree of stability of anterior open bite (AOB) treatment performed through the molar intrusion supported with skeletal anchorage at least 1 year posttreatment.
METHODS
This study was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42016037513). A literature search was conducted to identify randomized (RCT) or non-randomized clinical trials based including those considering before and after design. Data sources were electronic databases including PubMed, Cochrane Library, Science Direct, Google Scholar, Scopus, Lilacs, OpenGrey, Web of Science, and ClinicalTrials.gov . The quality of evidence was assessed through the JBI tool and certainty of evidence was evaluated through the GRADE tool. Random effects meta-analysis was conducted when appropriate.
RESULTS
Six hundred twenty-four articles met the initial inclusion criteria. From these, only 6 remained. The mean posttreatment follow-up time was 2.5 years (SD = 1.04). The overbite showed a standardized mean relapse of - 1.23 mm (95% CI - 1.64, - 0.81, p < 0.0001). Maxillary and mandibular incisors presented a non-significant mean relapse, U1-PP - 0.04 mm (95% CI - 0.55, 0.48) and L1-MP - 0.10 mm (95% CI - 0.57, 0.37). Molar intrusion showed a relapse rate around 12% for the maxillary molars and a 27.2% for mandibular molars.
CONCLUSION
The stability of AOB through molar intrusion using TADs can be considered relatively similar to that reported to surgical approaches, since 10 to 30% of relapse occurs both in maxillary and mandibular molars. The level of certainty ranged between very low and low. RCTs reporting dropout during the follow-up are in dire need.
Topics: Cephalometry; Humans; Maxilla; Molar; Open Bite; Orthodontic Anchorage Procedures; Tooth Movement Techniques
PubMed: 32888097
DOI: 10.1186/s40510-020-00328-2 -
The Angle Orthodontist May 2015To synthesize evidence on the impact of malocclusion and its associated treatment on people's quality of life across studies that used the Oral Health Impact Profile... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
OBJECTIVE
To synthesize evidence on the impact of malocclusion and its associated treatment on people's quality of life across studies that used the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14) questionnaire in the adult population.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A systematic search of the English literature using Medline, PubMed, and EMBASE yielded 98 unique citations. Studies using OHIP-14 with individuals 15 years of age and older were included. After initial screening, 64 citations were excluded and another 9 were excluded after reading full text reports; the remaining 25 were included in the review. All studies were observational and used one of three study designs: 11 compared the same group before and after treatment (pre-post design), 10 compared groups with and without malocclusion (independent groups design) and four compared an orthodontically treated group with an independent group requiring treatment (treated-untreated groups design). Only three studies using the pre-post design and four using the independent groups design reported comparable OHIP-14 data and were combined in separate meta-analyses. Meta-analysis was carried out using metan command in Stata.
RESULTS
The standardized mean difference (SMD) in OHIP-14 total score was 1.29 (95% CI: 0.67 to 1.92) for the three studies using the pre-post design. Similarly, the SMD score was 0.84 (95% CI: 0.25 to 1.43) for the four studies using the independent groups design. There was evidence of high heterogeneity and publication bias among the studies included.
CONCLUSIONS
This meta-analysis revealed that OHIP-14 scores were significantly lower after receiving treatment for malocclusion and in individuals without malocclusion/orthodontic treatment need compared to those with such condition (independent groups).
Topics: Controlled Before-After Studies; Humans; Malocclusion; Observational Studies as Topic; Orthodontics, Corrective; Quality of Life
PubMed: 25157973
DOI: 10.2319/051414-348.1 -
Journal of Clinical Medicine May 2022Studies heretofore have shown inconsistent results on the link of ASD to malocclusion. Herein, we aimed to compare the prevalence of malocclusion among children and... (Review)
Review
Studies heretofore have shown inconsistent results on the link of ASD to malocclusion. Herein, we aimed to compare the prevalence of malocclusion among children and adolescents with ASD compared with non-ASD healthy counterparts through a systematic review. The electronic search focused on five databases, PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, LILACS, and OpenGrey until January 2022, and followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines (PROSPERO No. CRD42022298023). Observational and intervention studies that compared occlusion characteristics of ASD individuals under 18 years old with healthy controls were included. Pairwise random effects meta-analyses of odds ratio (OR) were performed. Methodological quality was assessed by using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist for cross-sectional studies. A total of thirteen studies were included for qualitative analysis, and seven for quantitative analysis. The results presented a great heterogeneity and moderate risk of bias; thus, it was not possible to state that there is a risk of malocclusion in individuals with ASD. Future studies should be carried out with strict criteria in the choice of samples, control group, and diagnosis of malocclusion in order to meet the necessary requirements for greater methodological quality.
PubMed: 35628854
DOI: 10.3390/jcm11102727 -
BMC Oral Health Aug 2022To estimate the prevalence of malocclusion in individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and to assess the relationship between ASD and malocclusion. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
To estimate the prevalence of malocclusion in individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and to assess the relationship between ASD and malocclusion.
METHODS
We searched electronic databases including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane, Embase, SciELO LILACS, Proquest, OpenGrey and Google Scholar. There were no language or publication dates restrictions. Two researchers independently performed selection, data extraction and quality assessment. Quality assessment and risk of bias were evaluated through the Newcastle-Ottawa scale and ROBINS-E tool. Meta-analyses using random effect models were used to estimate pooled measures of prevalence of malocclusion characteristics in individuals with ASD and pooled odds ratio (OR) on the relationship between ASD and malocclusion characteristics. Subgroup meta-analyses were conducted according to children and adolescents, history of orthodontic treatment, and occurrence of other syndromes and medical conditions.
RESULTS
Searching identified 5549 papers with 238 were selected for full assessment. Eighteen cross-sectional studies were included according to inclusion criteria. Of them, eleven studies were considered of moderate quality. A judgement of critical risk of bias occurred for thirteen studies. The most prevalent malocclusion characteristics in individuals with ASD were crowding (33%; 95% CI 22 to 44%) and increased maxillary overjet (39%; 95% CI 23 to 54%). Individuals with ASD had higher odds of Angle's Class II (OR 1.92; 95% CI 1.36 to 2.72), Angle's Class III (OR 2.33; 95% CI 1.29 to 4.23), open bite (OR 1.96; 95% CI 1.21 to 3.16), and increased maxillary overjet (OR 1.53; 95% CI 1.06 to 2.21) than individuals without ASD.
CONCLUSIONS
Angle's Class II, Angle's Class III, anterior open bite and increased maxillary overjet were more prevalent in individuals with ASD than those without ASD. Further high-quality studies are needed.
Topics: Adolescent; Autism Spectrum Disorder; Child; Cross-Sectional Studies; Humans; Malocclusion; Malocclusion, Angle Class II; Open Bite
PubMed: 35948958
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-022-02366-0 -
International Journal of Adolescent... Dec 2022To estimate the pooled prevalence estimates of the malocclusion among child and adolescent population of India. (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVES
To estimate the pooled prevalence estimates of the malocclusion among child and adolescent population of India.
CONTENTS
A comprehensive electronic search was carried to find studies related to assessing malocclusion in Indian children and adolescent population. Indices and classifications considered for pooled analysis were Dental Aesthetic Index, Index of Orthodontic Treatment Needs, Angles classification and terminal plane relationship of primary secondary molars. An eligibility criterion was prepared and quality assessment was done for all the eligible studies. Initial search produced 1090 titles. After removal of duplicates, 850 records were left for further screening. Eighty one articles were found eligible for full text reading. Finally 60 studies were included in this meta-analysis. Pooled prevalence was used to estimate overall effect, with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Statistical difference between the two genders was calculated using chi square test.
SUMMARY AND OUTLOOK
The high prevalence of malocclusion is a public health problem around the world. The current status of burden of malocclusion among Indian children and adolescents is not known. Results of this pooled analysis showed that prevalence of malocclusion among Indian children and adolescents has increased since the last national oral health survey. Prevalence of malocclusion ranged from 28.4% (CI 25.02, 31.9) to 66.7% (CI 50.7, 81.06) depending on the type of index or classification used for recording. Boys recorded higher cumulative prevalence than girls. These findings can be utilized by oral health policy makers to draft measures required for reducing this burden of malocclusion.
PubMed: 32829315
DOI: 10.1515/ijamh-2020-0142 -
Brazilian Oral Research 2016The aim of the present study was to search for scientific evidence concerning the association between breastfeeding and bottle feeding and risk of malocclusion in mixed... (Review)
Review
The aim of the present study was to search for scientific evidence concerning the association between breastfeeding and bottle feeding and risk of malocclusion in mixed and permanent dentitions. An electronic search was performed in eight databases up to February 2015. Additionally, a gray literature search and hand searches of the reference lists of the selected studies were also carried out. There were no restrictions on language or on year of publication. The methodology of the included articles was evaluated using the Newcastle Ottawa scale. Out of the 817 identified citations, six studies fulfilled the eligibility criteria and were included in the systematic review. One study showed that children with mixed and permanent dentitions breastfed for more than 6 months presented greater mean protrusion of mandibular incisors and inclination of maxillary incisors compared with those breastfed for less than 6 months or those who were bottle-fed (p < 0.05). One study revealed that breastfeeding and bruxism were associated with Class II [OR = 3.14 (1.28 - 7.66)] and Class III [OR = 2.78 (1.21 - 6.36)] malocclusion in children with permanent dentition, while another study showed that an increase in breastfeeding duration was associated with a lower risk of malocclusion in children with both mixed and permanent dentitions (p < 0.001). Three studies did not report any significant association. Risk of bias was high in most selected articles. These findings do not support an association between breastfeeding and bottle feeding and the occurrence of malocclusion in mixed and permanent dentitions.
Topics: Adolescent; Bottle Feeding; Breast Feeding; Child; Child, Preschool; Dentition, Mixed; Dentition, Permanent; Female; Humans; Male; Malocclusion; Risk Assessment; Risk Factors
PubMed: 27050935
DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107BOR-2016.vol30.0022