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Journal of Urban Health : Bulletin of... Aug 2021Food is an important determinant of health, featuring prominently in the Sustainable Development Goals. The term "big data" is seldom used in relation to food, partly...
Food is an important determinant of health, featuring prominently in the Sustainable Development Goals. The term "big data" is seldom used in relation to food, partly because food data are scattered across different sectors. The increasing availability of food-related data presents an opportunity to glean new insights on food and food systems. These insights may enhance the quality of products and services and improve decision-making on optimizing food availability, all to the end of producing better health. Yet, knowledge gaps remain about the unique opportunities and challenges linked to big data on food and their use in decision-making. This scoping review explored the available literature linking food with big data and decision-making, using the following research question: What is the current literature on data about food, and how are these data used in decision-making? We searched PubMed until 29 February 2020 and Embase, Web of Sciences, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews until 8 March 2020. We included studies written in English and conducted narrative analyses to identify relevant themes from included studies. Sixteen studies fulfilled our eligibility criteria, including big data analyses, modelling studies, and reviews. These studies described the added value of using big data and how evidence from big data had or can be used for decision-making, as well as challenges and opportunities for such use. The majority of the included studies examined the link between food and big data, while hypothesizing of how these insights could inform decision-making, including policies, interventions, programs, and financing. There were only two examples wherein big data on food informed decision-making directly. The review highlights several false dichotomies in how the subject is approached in the literature and the importance of context, both between and within countries, in shaping the availability and types of data that can be used as meaningful evidence to inform decision-making. This review shows the paucity of research around the intersection of food, big data, and decision-making, as well as the potential in using big data on food systems to the end of informing decisions to improve the health of populations. Future research and decision-making around health systems can benefit from examining the full spectrum of perspectives on the subject. Future research and decision-making around health systems can also employ the steadfast embrace of technology, which will potentially reduce disparities in big data availability, to the end of improving the health of populations.
Topics: Big Data; Data Analysis; Humans; Sustainable Development; Systematic Reviews as Topic
PubMed: 34414511
DOI: 10.1007/s11524-021-00562-x -
BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth Sep 2020In India, preventing mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) remains one of the foremost challenge in community health. Countrywide... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
In India, preventing mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) remains one of the foremost challenge in community health. Countrywide MTCT of HIV is estimated to be > 10,000 annually. Aims of present study are to find out the prevalence of HIV and correlates of HIV transmission among children given birth by HIV infected mother through systematic review along with meta-analysis.
METHODS
All avaiable articles are retrieved using MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, Science Direct, EMBASE, Google Scholar and PUBMED following guidelines for Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). Joanna Briggs Institute Meta-Analysis of Statistics Assessment and Review Instrument (JBI-MAStARI) are applied to critically reviewing the selected articles. STATA 13.0 is used to preparation of forest plot for Meta-analysis. For assessment of heterogeneity and publication biases I statistics along with Begg and Mazumdar's test and Egger's tests are used. Odds ratio (OR) along with forest plots have been showing with 95% confidence interval (CI).
RESULTS
All together 10 studies including 1537 pairs of mothers and new births are assessed in present meta-analysis. Present analysis revealed the prevalence of HIV due to MTCT in India as 8.76% (95% CI; 5.76, 12.31). Analysis of subgroups exhibit a higher pooled prevalence in eastern region of India, 10.83% (95% CI: 5.9, 17.81) and lower in in Western region in India, 6.37% (95% CI: 4.65, 8.49). Status of MTCT before and after initiation of universal ART are 10.23% (95% CI 6.61, 14.55) and 7.93% (95% CI 4.18, 12.76) respectively. Associated factors with MTCT of HIV include absence of maternal prevention of MTCT intervention, OR = 10.82 (95% CI: 5.28, 22.17), lacking in administration of infant ARV (antiretroviral), OR = 8.21 (95% CI: 4.82, 14.0) and absence of medical facility during childbirth OR = 3.73 (95% CI: 1.67, 8.33).
CONCLUSIONS
In India, pooled HIV prevalence of MTCT as high as 8.78% (95% CI; 5.76, 12.31) among babies born to infected mothers warrants urgent need of focused intervention for providing ART (PMTCT intervention), ensuring proper infant ARV prophylaxis, and avoiding delivery without proper medical facility to pregnant women with HIV for reduction of occurrence in HIV transmission from mothers to children.
Topics: Correlation of Data; Female; HIV Infections; Humans; India; Infant, Newborn; Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical; Prevalence
PubMed: 32887567
DOI: 10.1186/s12884-020-03193-3 -
Neurology India 2022Different variant of GBM has been reported viz. Epithelioid Glioblastoma (GBM-E), Rhabdoid GBM (GBM-R), Small cell GBM (GBM-SC), Giant cell GBM (GBM-GC), GBM with neuro...
OBJECTIVES
Different variant of GBM has been reported viz. Epithelioid Glioblastoma (GBM-E), Rhabdoid GBM (GBM-R), Small cell GBM (GBM-SC), Giant cell GBM (GBM-GC), GBM with neuro ectodermal differentiation (GBM-PNET) with unknown behavior.
MATERIALS
We conducted a systematic review and individual patient data analysis of these rare GBM variants. We searched PubMed, google search, and Cochrane library for eligible studies till July 1 2016 published in English language and collected data regarding age, sex, subtype and treatment received, Progression Free Survival (PFS), Overall Survival (OS). Statistical Package for social sciences (SPSS) v16 software was used for all statistical analysis.
RESULTS
We retrieved data of 196 patients with rare GBM subtypes. Among these GBM-GC is commonest (51%), followed by GBM-R (19%), GBM-PNET (13%), GBM-SC (9%) and GBM-E (8%). Median age at diagnosis was 38, 40, 43.5, 69.5 and 18 years, respectively. Male: female ratio was 2:1 for GBM-E, and 1:3 for GBM-SC. Maximal safe resection followed by adjuvant local radiation was used for most of the patients. However, 6 patients with GBM-PNET, 3 each of GBM-E, GBM-SC received adjuvant craniospinal radiation. Out of 88 patients who received chemotherapy, 64 received Temozolomide alone or combination chemotherapy containing Temozolomide. Median PFS and OS for the entire cohort were 9 and 16 months. In univariate analysis, patient with a Gross Total Resection had significantly better PFS and OS compared to those with a Sub Total Resection [23 vs. 13 months (p-0.01)]. Median OS for GBM PNET, GBM-GC, GBM-SC, GBM-R and GBM-E were 32, 18.3, 11, 12 and 7.7 months, respectively (P = 0.001). Interestingly, 31.3%, 37.8% of patients with GBM-E, GBM-R had CSF dissemination.
CONCLUSION
Overall cohort of rarer GBM variant has equivalent survival compared to GBM not otherwise specified. However, epithelioid and Rhabdoid GBM has worst survival and one third shows CSF dissemination.
Topics: Humans; Male; Female; Glioblastoma; Temozolomide; Data Analysis; Brain Neoplasms; Retrospective Studies; Neuroectodermal Tumors, Primitive; Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating
PubMed: 36352613
DOI: 10.4103/0028-3886.359222 -
The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery.... Sep 2009Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction can be performed with use of either autograft or allograft tissue. It is currently unclear if the outcomes of these two methods... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study Review
BACKGROUND
Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction can be performed with use of either autograft or allograft tissue. It is currently unclear if the outcomes of these two methods differ significantly. This systematic review and meta-analysis investigated whether the short-term clinical outcomes of anterior cruciate reconstruction with allograft were significantly different from those with autograft.
METHODS
A computerized search of the electronic databases MEDLINE and EMBASE was conducted. Only therapeutic studies with a prospective or retrospective comparative design were considered for inclusion in the present investigation. Two reviewers independently assessed the methodological quality and extracted relevant data from each included study. If a study failed the qualitative assessment and statistical tests of homogeneity, it was excluded from the meta-analysis. Furthermore, a study was withdrawn from the meta-analysis of a particular outcome if that outcome was not studied or was not reported adequately. A Mantel-Haenszel analysis utilizing a random-effects model allowed for pooling of results according to graft source while accounting for the number of subjects in individual studies.
RESULTS
Nine studies were determined to be appropriate for the systematic review. Eight studies compared bone-patellar tendon-bone grafts, and one study compared quadruple-stranded hamstring grafts. Five studies were prospective comparative studies, and four were retrospective comparative studies. One study, which investigated allografts that underwent a unique sterilization process, demonstrated an allograft failure rate of 45% (thirty-eight of eighty-five). That study failed the qualitative assessment and statistical tests of homogeneity and consequently was excluded from the meta-analysis. When the outcomes from the remaining studies were pooled according to graft source, the meta-analyses of the Lysholm score, instrumented laxity measurements, and the clinical failure rate estimated mean differences and odds ratios that were not significant. These findings were robust during the sensitivity analysis, which varied the included studies or variables on the basis of graft type, instrumented laxity cut-off value, secondary sterilization technique, duration of follow-up, mean patient age, and study methodology.
CONCLUSIONS
In general, the short-term clinical outcomes of anterior cruciate reconstruction with allograft were not significantly different from those with autograft. However, it is important to note that none of these nonrandomized studies stratified outcomes according to age or utilized multivariable modeling to mathematically control for age (or any other possible confounder, such as activity level, that is not equally distributed in the two treatment groups). Understanding these limitations of the best available evidence, the surgeon may incorporate the results of the present systematic review into the informed-consent and shared-decision-making process in order to individualize optimum patient care.
Topics: Anterior Cruciate Ligament; Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries; Humans; Orthopedic Procedures; Plastic Surgery Procedures; Rupture; Transplantation, Autologous; Transplantation, Homologous
PubMed: 19724004
DOI: 10.2106/JBJS.I.00610 -
Medicine Feb 2020Several studies have shown a relationship between psoriasis and hypertension, but no meta-analysis has been restricted to studies that adjusted for confounders. The aim... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Several studies have shown a relationship between psoriasis and hypertension, but no meta-analysis has been restricted to studies that adjusted for confounders. The aim of the study was to estimate the association between psoriasis and hypertension with adjustment for covariates.
METHODS
A systematic literature search in the MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane databases, and Google Scholar was conducted to identify relevant studies which reported the association of psoriasis with the risk of hypertension published up to November 2018 in English. Data analysis was performed with Stata V.12, and Begg adjusted rank correlation test and Egger regression asymmetry test were used to detect publication bias.
RESULTS
A total of 16 adjusted-for-covariates studies, involving 50,291 cases with hypertension in 255,132 psoriasis patients and 76,547 cases with hypertension in 814,631 controls (no psoriasis), were included in this meta-analysis. The results indicated that psoriasis was associated with an increased risk of hypertension compared to those without psoriasis, and the prevalence of hypertension in severe psoriasis patients was higher than that in mild psoriasis patients, and the risk of hypertension in psoriasis patients was higher than that in nonpsoriasis patients in Europe and Asia.
CONCLUSION
We conducted this meta-analysis using the adjusted-for-covariates odds ratio, demonstrating that psoriasis was associated with an increased risk of hypertension compared to those without psoriasis.
Topics: Correlation of Data; Humans; Hypertension; Odds Ratio; Psoriasis; Risk Assessment
PubMed: 32118749
DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000019303 -
Frontiers in Psychology 2023Mathematics has been the subject in which many school-age children have revealed many difficulties. Research carried out in an attempt to understand the causes of... (Review)
Review
Mathematics has been the subject in which many school-age children have revealed many difficulties. Research carried out in an attempt to understand the causes of failure in this area pointed to a positive association between mathematical performance and motor performance. Given the importance of math development in future school outcomes, knowing which specific motor components are most associated with math performance can help educators define better strategies for teaching mathematics. In this sense, the present systematic review study aimed to identify the components of motor skills most positively associated with mathematical performance in children with typical development who attend preschool. The PRISMA methodology (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) was used in this study. The databases searched were ERIC, PubMED, SciELO, Scopus and Web of Science. A total of 2,909 articles were identified, of which 18 were included in this systematic review. The main results showed positive associations between fine motor skills, namely fine motor coordination and visuomotor integration, and mathematical performance. The math skill of numerical counting was the most associated with FMS. The main characteristics of the instruments used showed that the tasks of copying figures or drawings are the most used to assess visuomotor integration and the tasks of handling objects with pinch-like movements are the most used to assess fine motor coordination. Given the importance of mathematical performance in future school results, identifying early children with difficulties in fine motor skills will help educators to design better strategies for teaching mathematical skills. In this sense, the need to identify instruments to assess fine motor skills in preschool children with characteristics that facilitate their administration by the educator in the classroom context, i.e., requiring little administration time, not requiring much experience or training, the possibility of being administered to the group/class, few material resources, and the results can be easily interpreted, classified, and associated with mathematical performance.
PubMed: 36818067
DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1105391 -
Journal of Personalized Medicine Sep 2022Mood swings in patients with bipolar disorder (BD) are difficult to control and can lead to self-harm and suicide. The interaction between the therapist and BD will... (Review)
Review
Mood swings in patients with bipolar disorder (BD) are difficult to control and can lead to self-harm and suicide. The interaction between the therapist and BD will determine the success of therapy. The interaction model between the therapist and BD begins by reviewing the models that were previously developed using the Systematic Literature Review and Bibliometric methods. The limit of articles used was sourced from the Science Direct, Google Scholar, and Dimensions databases from 2009 to 2022. The results obtained were 67 articles out of a total of 382 articles, which were then re-selected. The results of the selection of the last articles reviewed were 52 articles. Using VOSviewer version 1.6.16, a visualization of the relationship between the quotes "model", "therapy", "emotions", and "bipolar disorder" can be seen. This study also discusses the types of therapy that can be used by BD, as well as treatment innovations and the mathematical model of the therapy itself. The results of this study are expected to help further researchers to develop an interaction model between therapists and BD to improve the quality of life of BD.
PubMed: 36143254
DOI: 10.3390/jpm12091469 -
Frontiers in Genetics 2021Genotypic data provide deep insights into the population history and medical genetics. The local ancestry inference (LAI) (also termed local ancestry deconvolution)... (Review)
Review
Genotypic data provide deep insights into the population history and medical genetics. The local ancestry inference (LAI) (also termed local ancestry deconvolution) method uses the hidden Markov model (HMM) to solve the mathematical problem of ancestry reconstruction based on genomic data. HMM is combined with other statistical models and machine learning techniques for particular genetic tasks in a series of computer tools. In this article, we surveyed the mathematical structure, application characteristics, historical development, and benchmark analysis of the LAI method in detail, which will help researchers better understand and further develop LAI methods. Firstly, we extensively explore the mathematical structure of each model and its characteristic applications. Next, we use bibliometrics to show detailed model application fields and list articles to elaborate on the historical development. LAI publications had experienced a peak period during 2006-2016 and had kept on moving in the following years. The efficiency, accuracy, and stability of the existing models were evaluated by the benchmark. We find that phased data had higher accuracy in comparison with unphased data. We summarize these models with their distinct advantages and disadvantages. The Loter model uses dynamic programming to obtain a globally optimal solution with its parameter-free advantage. Aligned bases can be used directly in the Seqmix model if the genotype is hard to call. This research may help model developers to realize current challenges, develop more advanced models, and enable scholars to select appropriate models according to given populations and datasets.
PubMed: 34108987
DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.639877 -
Animal : An International Journal of... Dec 2023Methionine (Met) is an essential amino acid that can be supplied in different chemical forms: DL-Met, L-Met, and OH-Met. This study aimed (i) to model and compare the... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Methionine (Met) is an essential amino acid that can be supplied in different chemical forms: DL-Met, L-Met, and OH-Met. This study aimed (i) to model and compare the utilization efficiency of Met for protein deposition (PD) from all sources and (ii) to determine the efficacy and efficiency of these three free Met sources in average daily gain (ADG) of post-weaning pigs fed at or below the Met requirement. A systematic review of the literature resulted in 1 898 papers being screened for title and abstract, with 24 papers meeting the inclusion criteria. The resulting database containing 208 treatment means was used. Prior to model development, the standardized ileal digestible (SID) Met requirements in percentage in the diet were determined using initial and final BW according to the NRC (2012). Data from piglets fed above the SID Met requirements were excluded from the database prior to statistical analysis. Linear mixed-effects regression models predicting ADG as a function of free Met source and SID methionine intake (Meti) or methionine + cysteine intake (Met + cys) were used to evaluate the efficacy and efficiency of free Met source for weight gain. Moreover, Met retention was modeled assuming that 16% of ADG is deposited as PD, and that Met accounts for 2% of PD. Met utilization efficiency was calculated as Met after maintenance divided by Met retained in PD. Met utilization efficiency was 77% for the basal diet, decreased (P < 0.01) as Met increased, and was equal among the three free Met sources. The mixed-effects models showed no difference in ADG for three free Met sources evaluated (P > 0.05). However, the efficacy (ADG per unit of SID Met) of free Met sources for weight gain differed between piglets fed L and DL-Met (P < 0.05), while there was no difference (P > 0.05) between piglets fed DL and OH-Met or OH and L-Met. On average, piglets fed L-Met gained 40.3 g/d more weight per unit of increase in SID Meti than those fed DL-Met (model 4; P = 0.05). The efficacy of free Met sources for ADG was also compared using SID Met + cysi as covariable. Piglets fed L- (+11.7 g/d; P = 0.02) or OH-Met (+11.5 g/d; P = 0.04) gained more weight per gram of SID Met + cys compared to those fed DL-Met. In conclusion, although the efficacy of DL- and L-Met for ADG differed, the efficiency for PD of L-, DL-, and OH-Met were not different in piglets fed at or below Met requirement.
Topics: Swine; Animals; Methionine; Animal Feed; Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Diet; Racemethionine; Weight Gain; Cysteine; Ileum
PubMed: 37482458
DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2023.100894 -
Risk Management and Healthcare Policy 2023Overcrowding is a problem that affects emergency departments (ED) all over the world; it occurs due to a disproportion between user demand and the physical, human and... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE
Overcrowding is a problem that affects emergency departments (ED) all over the world; it occurs due to a disproportion between user demand and the physical, human and structural resources available. Essential prerequisites to assessing and managing the phenomenon are its accurate measurement and an understanding of its impact. The objective of this systematic review is to identify the characteristics of the problem, analyzing the proposed strategies aimed at improving patient flow, delay in services provided and overcrowding of emergency departments.
METHODS
To achieve our objectives, a manual computerized search was performed in the bibliographic databases using as keywords "Emergency Department", "Overcrowding", "Emergency Room", "Emergency Service", "Emergency Unit"",Emergency Ward", "Emergency Outpatient Unit", "Emergency Hospital", "Crowding", "Mass Gathering", "Management" and "Comprehensive Health Care". Two independent reviewers analyzed abstracts, titles and full text articles for admissibility, according to the selected inclusion and exclusion criteria.
RESULTS
The process lead to include 19 articles. It was possible to group the solutions proposed in five categories: work organization, investment in primary care, creation of new dedicated professional figures, work and structural modifications and implementation of predictive simulation models using mathematical algorithms.
CONCLUSION
The most effective measures to guarantee an improvement in the flow of patients are represented by both improving the efficiency of human resources and by developing predictive mathematical models, regardless of the type of hospital and its location. Considering the complexity of EDs and the multiple characteristics of overcrowding and that the causes of crowding are different and site-specific, a careful examination of the specifics of each ED is necessary to identify improving fields.
PubMed: 36852330
DOI: 10.2147/RMHP.S399045