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Journal of Critical Care Oct 2023The initiation of the extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is associated with complex coagulatory and inflammatory processes and consequently needed... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
INTRODUCTION
The initiation of the extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is associated with complex coagulatory and inflammatory processes and consequently needed anticoagulation. Systemic anticoagulation bears an additional risk of serious bleeding, and its monitoring is of immense importance. Therefore, our work aims to analyze the association of anticoagulation monitoring with bleeding during ECMO support.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
Systematic literature review and meta-analysis, complying with the PRISMA guidelines (PROSPERO-CRD42022359465).
RESULTS
Seventeen studies comprising 3249 patients were included in the final analysis. Patients experiencing hemorrhage had a longer activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), a longer ECMO duration, and higher mortality. We could not find strong evidence of any aPTT threshold association with the bleeding occurrence, as less than half of authors reported a potential relationship. Finally, we identified the acute kidney injury (66%, 233/356) and hemorrhage (46%, 469/1046) to be the most frequent adverse events, while almost one-half of patients did not survive to discharge (47%, 1192/2490).
CONCLUSION
The aPTT-guided anticoagulation is still the standard of care in ECMO patients. We did not find strong evidence supporting the aPTT-guided monitoring during ECMO. Based on the weight of the available evidence, further randomized trials are crucial to clarify the best monitoring strategy.
Topics: Humans; Partial Thromboplastin Time; Anticoagulants; Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation; Retrospective Studies; Hemorrhage; Heparin
PubMed: 37244207
DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrc.2023.154332 -
The Lancet. Respiratory Medicine Mar 2023Venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) can be considered for patients with COVID-19-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) who continue to... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) can be considered for patients with COVID-19-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) who continue to deteriorate despite evidence-based therapies and lung-protective ventilation. The Extracorporeal Life Support Organization has emphasised the importance of patient selection; however, to better inform these decisions, a comprehensive and evidence-based understanding of the risk factors associated with poor outcomes is necessary. We aimed to summarise the association between pre-cannulation prognostic factors and risk of mortality in adult patients requiring venovenous ECMO for the treatment of COVID-19.
METHODS
In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched MEDLINE and Embase from Dec 1, 2019, to April 14, 2022, for randomised controlled trials and observational studies involving adult patients who required ECMO for COVID-19-associated ARDS and for whom pre-cannulation prognostic factors associated with in-hospital mortality were evaluated. We conducted separate meta-analyses of unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios (uORs), adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs), and mean differences, and excluded studies if these data could not be extracted. We assessed the risk of bias using the Quality in Prognosis Studies tool and certainty of evidence using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach. Our protocol was registered with the Open Science Framework registry, osf.io/6gcy2.
FINDINGS
Our search identified 2888 studies, of which 42 observational cohort studies involving 17 449 patients were included. Factors that had moderate or high certainty of association with increased mortality included patient factors, such as older age (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 2·27 [95% CI 1·63-3·16]), male sex (unadjusted odds ratio [uOR] 1·34 [1·20-1·49]), and chronic lung disease (aHR 1·55 [1·20-2·00]); pre-cannulation disease factors, such as longer duration of symptoms (mean difference 1·51 days [95% CI 0·36-2·65]), longer duration of invasive mechanical ventilation (uOR 1·94 [1·40-2·67]), higher partial pressure of arterial carbon dioxide (mean difference 4·04 mm Hg [1·64-6·44]), and higher driving pressure (aHR 2·36 [1·40-3·97]); and centre factors, such as less previous experience with ECMO (aOR 2·27 [1·28-4·05].
INTERPRETATION
The prognostic factors identified highlight the importance of patient selection, the effect of injurious lung ventilation, and the potential opportunity for greater centralisation and collaboration in the use of ECMO for the treatment of COVID-19-associated ARDS. These factors should be carefully considered as part of a risk stratification framework when evaluating a patient for potential treatment with venovenous ECMO.
FUNDING
None.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Male; COVID-19; Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation; Prognosis; Respiratory Distress Syndrome; Respiration, Artificial; Observational Studies as Topic
PubMed: 36228638
DOI: 10.1016/S2213-2600(22)00296-X -
Journal of Nanobiotechnology Jan 2024Exosomes are nanoscale extracellular vesicles secreted by cells and enclosed by a lipid bilayer membrane containing various biologically active cargoes such as proteins,... (Review)
Review
Exosomes are nanoscale extracellular vesicles secreted by cells and enclosed by a lipid bilayer membrane containing various biologically active cargoes such as proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. Engineered exosomes generated through genetic modification of parent cells show promise as drug delivery vehicles, and they have been demonstrated to have great therapeutic potential for treating cancer, cardiovascular, neurological, and immune diseases, but systematic knowledge is lacking regarding optimization of drug loading and assessment of delivery efficacy. This review summarizes current approaches for engineering exosomes and evaluating their drug delivery effects, and current techniques for assessing exosome drug loading and release kinetics, cell targeting, biodistribution, pharmacokinetics, and therapeutic outcomes are critically examined. Additionally, this review synthesizes the latest applications of exosome engineering and drug delivery in clinical translation. The knowledge compiled in this review provides a framework for the rational design and rigorous assessment of exosomes as therapeutics. Continued advancement of robust characterization methods and reporting standards will accelerate the development of exosome engineering technologies and pave the way for clinical studies.
Topics: Humans; Exosomes; Tissue Distribution; Drug Delivery Systems; Extracellular Vesicles; Neoplasms; Pharmaceutical Preparations
PubMed: 38172932
DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-02259-6 -
Journal of Maxillofacial and Oral... Dec 2021Schneiderian membrane thickness may influence the final clinical outcome of sinus augmentation and dental implantation. Mucosal thickening has been regarded as a... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Schneiderian membrane thickness may influence the final clinical outcome of sinus augmentation and dental implantation. Mucosal thickening has been regarded as a contributing factor for post-treatment complications. This study aimed to systematically review the available literature on the association between mucosal thickening and potential complications related to sinus augmentation and implant placement.
METHODS
An electronic search was carried out in MEDLINE, Embase, and Web of Science by two independent reviewers. It was complemented by manual search of the reference lists of all relevant studies. The studies reporting on sinus augmentation and dental implantation in cases with preoperative mucosal thickening were considered eligible for this study.
RESULTS
The initial search yielded 1032 articles. Five hundred and sixty-four records were screened by title and abstract, and 57 studies succeeded the inclusion criteria for full-text evaluation. Finally, 10 records remained for data extraction. The included studies assessed sinus augmentation and implantation procedures in 765 patients, 324 (42.3%) of them showed mucosal thickening. Increased membrane thickness did not significantly elevate the frequency of sinus augmentation complications. In addition, the overall implant survival rate was 99.03%.
CONCLUSIONS
Within the limitations of the present study, the presence of mucosal thickening might not be a risk factor for sinus augmentation and implant survival rate.
PubMed: 34776681
DOI: 10.1007/s12663-021-01551-y -
SAGE Open Medicine 2021Premature rupture of the membrane is a serious public health problem, especially in low- and middle-income countries with significant maternal and perinatal morbidity... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Premature rupture of the membrane is a serious public health problem, especially in low- and middle-income countries with significant maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. Despite its substantial contributions to feto-maternal complications, the burden of premature rupture of the membrane was not systematically analyzed in Ethiopia. Hence, this review aimed to identify the burden of premature rupture of the membrane and associated factors among pregnant women in Ethiopia.
METHODS
PubMed/Medline, Scopus, and African journal online databases and Google Scholar were searched for articles published in the English language. Independent review authors selected and screened studies. Appraisal for methodological quality of studies was conducted using the Joanna Briggs Institute assessment checklist. RevMan 5.3 software was used for meta-analysis. The statistical significance and Egger's test were used to assess heterogeneity and publication bias, respectively.
RESULTS
The pooled prevalence of premature rupture of the membrane among pregnant women in Ethiopia was 9.2% (95% confidence interval = 5.0, 16.4). Factors significantly associated with premature rupture of the membrane were no antenatal care visit (odds ratio = 2.87, confidence interval = 1.34, 6.14), history of premature rupture of the membrane (odds ratio = 4.09, 95% confidence interval = 2.82, 5.91), history of abortion (odds ratio = 3.13, confidence interval = 1.63, 6.01), abnormal vaginal discharge (odds ratio = 6.78, confidence interval = 4.11, 11.16), and urinary tract infection (odds ratio = 3.04, confidence interval = 1.21, 7.63).
CONCLUSION
Nearly one in ten pregnancies in Ethiopia encounters premature rupture of the membrane complications. The finding highlights improving antenatal care utilization, thus preventing or treating urinary and reproductive tract infections, and tailored interventions for pregnant women with a history of premature rupture of the membrane or abortion contribute to reduced premature rupture of the membrane.
PubMed: 34733510
DOI: 10.1177/20503121211053912 -
International Journal of Molecular... Jul 2023Aquaporins (AQPs) are a family of membrane proteins involved in the transport of water and ions across cell membranes. AQPs have been shown to be implicated in various... (Review)
Review
Aquaporins (AQPs) are a family of membrane proteins involved in the transport of water and ions across cell membranes. AQPs have been shown to be implicated in various physiological and pathological processes in the brain, including water homeostasis, cell migration, and inflammation, among others. Epileptogenesis is a complex and multifactorial process that involves alterations in the structure and function of neuronal networks. Recent evidence suggests that AQPs may also play a role in the pathogenesis of epilepsy. In animal models of epilepsy, AQPs have been shown to be upregulated in regions of the brain that are involved in seizure generation, suggesting that they may contribute to the hyperexcitability of neuronal networks. Moreover, genetic studies have identified mutations in AQP genes associated with an increased risk of developing epilepsy. Our review aims to investigate the role of AQPs in epilepsy and seizure onset from a pathophysiological point of view, pointing out the potential molecular mechanism and their clinical implications.
Topics: Animals; Aquaporins; Water; Homeostasis; Brain; Seizures
PubMed: 37569297
DOI: 10.3390/ijms241511923 -
Osteoarthritis and Cartilage Oct 2014The aim of this review is to describe imaging techniques for evaluation of non-osteochondral structures such as the synovium, menisci in the knee, labrum in the hip,... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this review is to describe imaging techniques for evaluation of non-osteochondral structures such as the synovium, menisci in the knee, labrum in the hip, ligaments and muscles and to review the literature from recent clinical and epidemiological studies of OA.
METHODS
This is a non-systematic narrative review of published literature on imaging of non-osteochondral tissues in OA. PubMed and MEDLINE search for articles published up to 2014, using the keywords osteoarthritis, synovitis, meniscus, labrum, ligaments, plica, muscles, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), ultrasound, computed tomography (CT), scintigraphy, and positron emission tomography (PET).
RESULTS
Published literature showed imaging of non-osteochondral tissues in OA relies primarily on MRI and ultrasound. The use of semiquantitative and quantitative imaging biomarkers of non-osteochondral tissues in clinical and epidemiological OA studies is reported. We highlight studies that have compared both imaging methodologies directly, and those that have established a relationship between imaging biomarkers and clinical outcomes. We provide recommendations as to which imaging protocols should be used to assess disease-specific changes regarding synovium, meniscus in the knee, labrum in the hip, and ligaments, and highlight potential pitfalls in their usage.
CONCLUSION
MRI and ultrasound are currently the most useful imaging modalities for evaluation of non-osteochondral tissues in OA. MRI evaluation of any tissue needs to be performed using appropriate MR pulse sequences. Ultrasound may be particularly useful for evaluation of small joints of the hand. Nuclear medicine and CT play a limited role in imaging of non-osteochondral tissues in OA.
Topics: Diagnostic Imaging; Humans; Ligaments; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Menisci, Tibial; Muscle, Skeletal; Osteoarthritis, Hip; Osteoarthritis, Knee; Positron-Emission Tomography; Radionuclide Imaging; Synovial Membrane; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Ultrasonography
PubMed: 25278069
DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2014.05.001 -
Evidence-based Dentistry Sep 2023A systematic appraisal and statistical aggregation of primary studies in humans. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
DESIGN
A systematic appraisal and statistical aggregation of primary studies in humans.
DATA SOURCES
The researchers utilized PubMed (Medline) and Scopus databases as the primary data sources for this study. They performed a comprehensive literature search based on free keywords and Medical Subject Heading (MeSH) terms to enhance the search accuracy. The database search was concluded on November 13, 2022. Furthermore, a meticulous examination of the references cited in the selected studies was conducted to identify additional relevant articles that could be incorporated into the analysis.
STUDY SELECTION
The systematic review focused on partially or fully edentulous patients receiving dental implants and aimed to determine if the lack of keratinized mucosa at the implant site increased the risk of peri-implantitis compared to patients with adequate keratinized mucosa. Human studies with a minimum of 100 implants, cross-sectional, cohort, or case-control designs, and a follow-up period of at least one year were included. Studies lacking a clear case definition or information on peri-implantitis and those that did not investigate keratinized mucosa as a risk indicator were excluded.
DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS
Two reviewers independently utilized a systematic review screening website (Rayyan, Qatar Computing Research Institute, Qatar Foundation) to select potential articles, and conflicts were resolved through discussion or consultation with a third reviewer. The data extraction process involved recording information from the included articles, such as study design, patient and implant numbers, prosthesis type (fixed or removable), follow-up duration, peri-implantitis case definition, prevalence at patient and implant levels, keratinized mucosa cutoff value, odds ratio (OR) of peri-implantitis considering keratinized mucosa, and conclusions on the potential effect of keratinized mucosa from each study. The Newcastle Ottawa scale (NOS) and a modified version of NOS were used, respectively, to assess the quality of cohort and cross-sectional studies. Studies scoring below 6 out of 9 points were classified as low quality. For the meta-analysis, the relationship between peri-implantitis and keratinized mucosa was evaluated using the odds ratio (OR) and standard error (SE). Heterogeneity was assessed through the Chi test and I index, determining whether a random-effects or fixed-effects model should be applied. Subgroup and cluster analyses were conducted based on specific criteria, and forest plots and funnel plots were generated to visualize results and identify potential study bias. Sensitivity analysis was performed to verify the robustness of the meta-analysis, with statistical significance set at p < 0.05. The Review Manager (RevMan) software facilitated data analysis. The GRADE rating system was used to determine the level of evidence, considering factors such as bias risk, imprecision, inconsistency, indirectness, and publication bias. The certainty of the evidence was evaluated based on the overall outcomes of analyzed subgroups.
RESULTS
Twenty-two primary studies were identified, and a meta-analysis was conducted on 16 cross-sectional studies. The prevalence of peri-implantitis ranged from 6.68% to 62.3% at the patient level and from 4.5% to 58.1% at the implant level. The overall analysis revealed a significant association between the lack of keratinized mucosa and a higher prevalence of peri-implantitis (OR = 2.78, 95% CI 2.07-3.74, p < 0.00001). Subgroup analyses with a consistent case definition of peri-implantitis (MBL ≥ 2 mm) showed similar results (OR = 1.96, 95% CI 1.41-2.73, p < 0.0001). Studies focusing on fixed prostheses only demonstrated that the lack of keratinized mucosa was associated with an increased prevalence of peri-implantitis (OR = 2.82, 95% CI 1.85-4.28, p < 0.00001). Among patients under regular implant maintenance, the absence of keratinized mucosa significantly raised the occurrence of peri-implantitis (OR = 2.08, 95% CI 1.41-3.08, p = 0.0002). Studies adjusting for other variables also confirmed a higher risk of peri-implantitis with inadequate keratinized mucosa (OR = 3.68, 95% CI 2.32-5.82, p = 0.007). Although some publication bias was observed, the certainty of evidence based on the GRADE system was judged to be "moderate."
CONCLUSIONS
The lack of keratinized mucosa increased the risk of peri-implantitis, emphasizing the need to consider it during dental implant placement. Inadequate data on patient-specific factors and the predominance of cross-sectional studies influenced the evidence quality (i.e., moderate). Future studies with consistent methodologies shall confirm these findings and identify additional risk indicators to improve implant dentistry practices.
Topics: Humans; Peri-Implantitis; Dental Implants; Cross-Sectional Studies; Mucous Membrane; Risk Factors
PubMed: 37537217
DOI: 10.1038/s41432-023-00913-4 -
Pflugers Archiv : European Journal of... Apr 2022Sensory neurons are responsible for the generation and transmission of nociceptive signals from the periphery to the central nervous system. They encompass a broadly... (Review)
Review
Sensory neurons are responsible for the generation and transmission of nociceptive signals from the periphery to the central nervous system. They encompass a broadly heterogeneous population of highly specialized neurons. The understanding of the molecular choreography of individual subpopulations is essential to understand physiological and pathological pain states. Recently, it became evident that species differences limit transferability of research findings between human and rodents in pain research. Thus, it is necessary to systematically compare and categorize the electrophysiological data gained from human and rodent dorsal root ganglia neurons (DRGs). In this systematic review, we condense the available electrophysiological data defining subidentities in human and rat DRGs. A systematic search on PUBMED yielded 30 studies on rat and 3 studies on human sensory neurons. Defined outcome parameters included current clamp, voltage clamp, cell morphology, pharmacological readouts, and immune reactivity parameters. We compare evidence gathered for outcome markers to define subgroups, offer electrophysiological parameters for the definition of neuronal subtypes, and give a framework for the transferability of electrophysiological findings between species. A semiquantitative analysis revealed that for rat DRGs, there is an overarching consensus between studies that C-fiber linked sensory neurons display a lower action potential threshold, higher input resistance, a larger action potential overshoot, and a longer afterhyperpolarization duration compared to other sensory neurons. They are also more likely to display an infliction point in the falling phase of the action potential. This systematic review points out the need of more electrophysiological studies on human sensory neurons.
Topics: Action Potentials; Animals; Electrophysiological Phenomena; Ganglia, Spinal; Humans; Pain; Rats; Sensory Receptor Cells
PubMed: 35031856
DOI: 10.1007/s00424-021-02656-6 -
The Cochrane Database of Systematic... Dec 2015Glaucoma is an optic neuropathy that leads to vision loss and blindness. It is the second most common cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. The main treatment for... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Glaucoma is an optic neuropathy that leads to vision loss and blindness. It is the second most common cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. The main treatment for glaucoma aims to reduce intraocular pressure (IOP) in order to slow or prevent further vision loss. IOP can be lowered with medications, and laser or incisional surgeries. Trabeculectomy is the most common incisional surgical procedure to treat glaucoma. Device-modified trabeculectomy is intended to improve drainage of the aqueous humor to lower IOP. Trabeculectomy-modifying devices include Ex-PRESS, Ologen, amniotic membrane, expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (E-PTFE) membrane, Gelfilm and others. However, the effectiveness and safety of these devices are uncertain.
OBJECTIVES
To assess the relative effectiveness, primarily with respect to IOP control and safety, of the use of different devices as adjuncts to trabeculectomy compared with standard trabeculectomy in eyes with glaucoma.
SEARCH METHODS
We searched CENTRAL (which contains the Cochrane Eyes and Vision Trials Register) (2014, Issue 12), Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid MEDLINE In-Process and Other Non-Indexed Citations, Ovid MEDLINE Daily, Ovid OLDMEDLINE (January 1946 to December 2014), EMBASE (January 1980 to December 2014), PubMed (1948 to December 2014), Latin American and Caribbean Literature on Health Sciences (LILACS) (January 1982 to December 2014), the metaRegister of Controlled Trials (mRCT) (www.controlled-trials.com), ClinicalTrials.gov (www.clinicaltrials.gov), and the World Health Organization (WHO) International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP) (www.who.int/ictrp/search/en). We did not use any date or language restrictions in the electronic search for trials. We last searched the electronic databases on 22 December 2014.
SELECTION CRITERIA
We included randomized controlled trials comparing devices used during trabeculectomy with trabeculectomy alone. We also included studies where antimetabolites were used in either or both treatment groups.
DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
We used standard procedures expected by Cochrane.
MAIN RESULTS
We found 33 studies that met our inclusion criteria, of which 30 were published as full-length journal articles and three as conference abstracts. Only five studies have been registered. The 33 studies included a total of 1542 participants with glaucoma, and compared five types of devices implanted during trabeculectomy versus trabeculectomy alone. Five studies reported the use of Ex-PRESS (386 participants), eight studies reported the use of Ologen (327 participants), 18 studies reported the use of amniotic membrane (726 participants), one study reported the use of E-PTFE (60 participants), and one study reported the use of Gelfilm (43 participants). These studies were conducted in North America, South America, Europe, Asia, and the Middle East. Planned participant follow-up periods ranged from three months to five years. The studies were reported poorly which limited our ability to judge risk of bias for many domains. Only two studies explicitly masked outcome assessment so, we rated 31 studies at high risk of detection bias.Low-quality evidence from three studies showed that use of Ex-PRESS compared with trabeculectomy alone may be associated with a slightly lower IOP at one year (mean difference (MD) -1.58 mm Hg, 95% confidence interval (CI) -2.74 to -0.42; 165 eyes). Cataract surgery and hyphema may be less frequent in the Ex-PRESS group than in the trabeculectomy-alone group (cataract surgery: risk ratio (RR) 0.32, 95% CI 0.14 to 0.74, 3 studies, low-quality evidence; hyphema: RR 0.33, 95% CI 0.12 to 0.94, 4 studies, low-quality evidence). The effect of whether Ex-PRESS prevents hypotony was uncertain (RR 0.92, 95% CI 0.63 to 1.33, 2 studies, very low-quality evidence). All these studies received funding from the device manufacturer.Very low-quality evidence from five studies suggests that use of Ologen compared with trabeculectomy alone is associated with slightly higher IOP at one year (MD 1.40 mm Hg, 95% CI -0.57 to 3.38; 177 eyes). The effect of Ologen on preventing hypotony was uncertain (RR 0.75, 95% CI 0.47 to 1.19, 5 studies, very low-quality evidence). Differences between the two treatment groups for other reported complications also were inconclusive.Low-quality evidence from nine studies suggests that use of amniotic membrane with trabeculectomy may be associated with lower IOP at one year compared with trabeculectomy alone (MD -3.92 mm Hg, 95% CI -5.41 to -2.42; 356 eyes). Low-quality evidence showed that use of amniotic membrane may prevent adverse events and complications, such as hypotony (RR 0.40, 95% CI 0.17 to 0.94, 5 studies, low-quality evidence).The report from the only E-PTFE study (60 eyes) showed no important differences for postoperative IOP at one year (MD -0.44 mm Hg, 95% CI -1.76 to 0.88) between the trabeculectomy + E-PTFE versus the trabeculectomy-alone groups. Hypotony was the only postoperative complication observed less frequently in the E-PTFE group compared to the trabeculectomy-alone group (RR 0.29, 95% CI 0.11 to 0.77).The one Gelfilm study reported uncertainty in the difference in IOP and complication rates between the two groups at one year; no further data were provided in the study report.
AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS
Overall, the use of devices with standard trabeculectomy may help with greater IOP reduction at one-year follow-up than trabeculectomy alone; however, due to potential biases and imprecision in effect estimates, the quality of evidence is low. When we examined outcomes within subgroups based on the type of device used, our findings suggested that the use of an Ex-PRESS device or an amniotic membrane as an adjunct to trabeculectomy may be slightly more effective in reducing IOP at one year after surgery compared with trabeculectomy alone. The evidence that these devices are as safe as trabeculectomy alone is unclear. Due to various limitations in the design and conduct of the included studies, the applicability of this evidence synthesis to other populations or settings is uncertain. Further research is needed to determine the effectiveness and safety of other devices and in subgroup populations, such as people with different types of glaucoma, of various races and ethnicity, and with different lens types (e.g. phakic, pseudophakic).
Topics: Amnion; Biocompatible Materials; Collagen; Gelatin; Glaucoma; Glaucoma Drainage Implants; Glycosaminoglycans; Humans; Intraocular Pressure; Polytetrafluoroethylene; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Trabeculectomy; Visual Acuity
PubMed: 26625212
DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD010472.pub2