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Cells Mar 2023Androgenetic alopecia is a condition that results in hair loss in both men and women. This can have a significant impact on a person's psychological well-being, which... (Review)
Review
Androgenetic alopecia is a condition that results in hair loss in both men and women. This can have a significant impact on a person's psychological well-being, which can lead to a decreased quality of life. We conducted a systematic review to evaluate the efficacy of using stem cells in androgenic alopecia. The search was conducted in MEDLINE via PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases. The review was performed on data pertaining to the efficacy of using different types of stem cells in androgenic alopecia: quantitative results of stem cell usage were compared to the control treatment or, different types of treatment for female and male androgenetic alopecia. Of the outcomes, the density of hair was analyzed. Fourteen articles were selected for this review. During and after treatment with stem cells, no major side effects were reported by patients with alopecia. The use of stem cells in androgenic alopecia seems to be a promising alternative to the standard treatment or it could play the role of complementary therapy to improve the effect of primary treatment. However, these results should be interpreted with caution until they can be reproduced in larger and more representative samples.
Topics: Humans; Female; Male; Quality of Life; Alopecia; Hair; Stem Cells
PubMed: 36980291
DOI: 10.3390/cells12060951 -
Stem Cell Research & Therapy Aug 2021We explored whether stem cell therapy was effective for animal models and patients with Crohn's disease (CD). (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
We explored whether stem cell therapy was effective for animal models and patients with Crohn's disease (CD).
METHODS
We searched five online databases. The relative outcomes were analyzed with the aid of GetData Graph Digitizer 2.26 and Stata 16.0 software. The SYRCLE risk of bias tool and the MINORS tool were used to assess study quality.
RESULTS
We evaluated 46 studies including 28 animal works (n = 567) and 18 human trials (n = 360). In the animal studies, the disease activity index dramatically decreased in the mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) treatment groups compared to the control group. Rats and mice receiving MSCs exhibited longer colons [mice: standardized mean difference (SMD) 2.84, P = 0.000; rats: SMD 1.44, P = 0.029], lower histopathological scores (mice: SMD - 4.58, p = 0.000; rats: SMD - 1.41, P = 0.000) and lower myeloperoxidase levels (SMD - 6.22, P = 0.000). In clinical trials, stem cell transplantation reduced the CD activity index (SMD - 2.10, P = 0.000), the CD endoscopic index of severity (SMD - 3.40, P = 0.000) and simplified endoscopy score for CD (SMD - 1.71, P = 0.000) and improved the inflammatory bowel disease questionnaire score (SMD 1.33, P = 0.305) compared to control values. CD patients maintained high remission rates for 3-24 months after transplantation.
CONCLUSIONS
Stem cell transplantation is a valuable supplementary therapy for CD.
Topics: Animals; Crohn Disease; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation; Humans; Mesenchymal Stem Cells; Mice; Rats
PubMed: 34407875
DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02533-0 -
Stem Cell Research & Therapy Apr 2023Perianal fistulas, characterised as granulomatous inflammation of fistulas around the anal canal, are associated with significant morbidity resulting in a negative... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Perianal fistulas, characterised as granulomatous inflammation of fistulas around the anal canal, are associated with significant morbidity resulting in a negative impact on quality of life and a tremendous burden to the healthcare system. Treatment of anal fistulas usually consists of anal surgery; however, results of closure rates are not satisfactory especially with complex perianal fistulas, after which many patients may suffer from anal incontinence. Recently, the administration of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has shown promising efficacy. Herein, we aim to explore whether MSCs are effective for complex perianal fistulas and if they have either short-term, medium-term, long-term or over-long-term efficacy. Additionally, we want to elucidate whether factors such as drug dosage, MSC source, cell type, and disease aetiology influence treatment efficacy. We searched four online databases and analysed data based on information within the clinical trials registry. The outcomes of eligible trials were analysed with Review Manager 5.4.1. Relative risk and related 95% confidence interval were calculated to compare the effect between the MSCs and control groups. In addition, the Cochrane risk of bias tool was applied to evaluate the bias risk of eligible studies. Meta-analyses showed that therapy with MSCs was superior to conventional treatment for complex perianal fistulas in short-, long- and over-long-term follow-up phases. However, there was no statistical difference in treatment efficacy in the medium term between the two methods. Subgroup meta-analyses showed factors including cell type, cell source and cell dosage were superior compared to the control, but there was no significant difference between different experimental groups of those factors. Besides, local MSCs therapy has shown more promising results for fistulas as a result of Crohn's Disease (CD). Although we tend to maintain that MSCs therapy is effective for cryptoglandular fistulas equally, more studies are needed to confirm this conclusion in the future.
SHORT CONCLUSION
MSCs Transplantation could be a new therapeutic method for complex perianal fistulas of both cryptoglandular and CD origin showing high efficacy in the short-term to over-long-term phases, as well as high efficacy in sustained healing. The difference in cell types, cell sources and cell dosages did not influence MSCs' efficacy.
Topics: Humans; Quality of Life; Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation; Treatment Outcome; Mesenchymal Stem Cells; Rectal Fistula; Crohn Disease
PubMed: 37101285
DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03331-6 -
Archives of Medical Research Jan 2021Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells (hMSCs) are multipotent stem cells capable of renewing themselves and differentiation in vitro into different kinds of tissues. In vivo...
INTRODUCTION
Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells (hMSCs) are multipotent stem cells capable of renewing themselves and differentiation in vitro into different kinds of tissues. In vivo hMSCs are sources of trophic factors modulating the immune system and inducing intrinsic stem cells to repair damaged tissues. Currently, there are multiple clinical trials (CT) using hMSCs for therapeutic purposes in a large number of clinical settings.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
The search strategy on clinicaltrials.gov has focused on the key term "Mesenchymal Stem Cells", and the inclusion and exclusion criteria were separated into two stages. Stage 1, CT on phases 1-4: location, the field of application, phase, and status. For stage 2, CT that have published outcome results: field of application, treatment, intervention model, source, preparation methods, and results.
RESULTS
By July 2020, there were a total of 1,138 registered CT. Most studies belong to either phase 2 (61.0%) or phase 1 (30.8%); most of them focused in the fields of traumatology, neurology, cardiology, and immunology. Only 18 clinical trials had published results: the most common source of isolation was bone marrow; the treatment varied from 1-200 M hMSCs; all of them have similar preparation methods; all of them have positive results with no serious adverse effects.
CONCLUSIONS
There appears to be a broad potential for the clinical use of hMSCs with no reported serious adverse events. There are many trials in progress, their future results will help to explore the therapeutic potential of these promising cellular sources of medicinal signals.
Topics: Cell Differentiation; Clinical Trials as Topic; Humans; Medicine; Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation; Mesenchymal Stem Cells; Regenerative Medicine
PubMed: 32977984
DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2020.08.006 -
Osteoarthritis and Cartilage Sep 2022The aim of this systematic review was to assess the effects of stem cell-based therapies on the treatment of Temporomandibular Joint Osteoarthritis (TMJ-OA) and the... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVES
The aim of this systematic review was to assess the effects of stem cell-based therapies on the treatment of Temporomandibular Joint Osteoarthritis (TMJ-OA) and the regeneration of cartilage/osteochondral defects.
METHODS
Data on preclinical studies evaluating the effectiveness of stem cell-based therapies for treating Temporomandibular Disorders (TMDs) were extracted from PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library and the grey literature by three independent reviewers. A manual search was performed in the databases, the reference list of review studies, and relevant journals in the field. Compliance with the ARRIVE guidelines was evaluated for quality assessment. SYRCLE's risk of bias tool for animal experimental studies was assessed to define internal validity.
RESULTS
After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 10 studies were included in the qualitative synthesis. Regardless of cell origin, stem cell-based therapeutic approaches induced protective, anti-inflammatory, and chondroregenerative potential in the treatment of TMJ-OA. Regeneration of the cartilage layer on the surface of the condyle was achieved when stem cells were directly flushed into the defect or when delivered within a carrier.
CONCLUSION
Stem cell-based therapies may be considered a promising approach for the treatment of TMJ-OA and for the regeneration of full-thickness cartilage and osteochondral defects in the TMJ. Human studies shall be performed to validate these results found in animals.
Topics: Animals; Cartilage, Articular; Humans; Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation; Osteoarthritis; Regeneration; Temporomandibular Joint
PubMed: 35597373
DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2022.05.006 -
International Journal of Molecular... Dec 2022Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) are multipotent non-hematopoietic stromal cells found in different body tissues such as bone marrow, adipose tissue, periosteum, Wharton's... (Review)
Review
Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) are multipotent non-hematopoietic stromal cells found in different body tissues such as bone marrow, adipose tissue, periosteum, Wharton's jelly, umbilical cord, blood, placenta, amniotic fluid, and skin. The biological behavior of MSCs depends mainly on their interaction with the microenvironment in which they are found, whose quality deeply influences the regenerative and immunomodulatory properties of these cells. Several studies confirm the interaction between MSCs and inflammatory microenvironment in the pathogenesis of psoriasis, designating MSCs as an important factor driving psoriasis development. This review aims to describe the most recent evidence on how the inflammatory microenvironment that characterizes psoriasis influences the homeostasis of MSCs and how they can be used to treat the disease.
Topics: Pregnancy; Female; Humans; Cell Differentiation; Mesenchymal Stem Cells; Wharton Jelly; Umbilical Cord; Amniotic Fluid
PubMed: 36499401
DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315080 -
Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) Jun 2022This systematic review aimed to reevaluate the available evidence of the use of biologics as treatment candidates for the treatment of severe and advanced COVID-19... (Review)
Review
This systematic review aimed to reevaluate the available evidence of the use of biologics as treatment candidates for the treatment of severe and advanced COVID-19 disease; what are the rationale for their use, which are the most studied, and what kind of efficacy measures are described? A search through Cochrane, Embase, Pubmed, Medline, medrxiv.org, and Google scholar was performed on the use of biologic interventions in COVID-19/SARS-CoV-2 infection, viral pneumonia, and sepsis, until 11 January 2022. Throughout the research, we identified 4821 records, of which 90 were selected for qualitative analysis. Amongst the results, we identified five popular targets of use: IL6 and IL1 inhibitors, interferons, mesenchymal stem cells treatment, and anti-spike antibodies. None of them offered conclusive evidence of their efficacy with consistency and statistical significance except for some studies with anti-spike antibodies; however, Il6 and IL1 inhibitors as well as interferons show encouraging data in terms of increased survival and favorable clinical course that require further studies with better methodology standardization.
PubMed: 35890081
DOI: 10.3390/ph15070783 -
Bone Reports Jun 2024Tumor-induced osteomalacia (TIO), is a rare acquired paraneoplastic syndrome characterized by defective bone mineralization, caused by the overproduction of fibroblast... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Tumor-induced osteomalacia (TIO), is a rare acquired paraneoplastic syndrome characterized by defective bone mineralization, caused by the overproduction of fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) by a tumor.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
We conducted a systematic review to identify all case reports of TIO, focusing on those associated with mesenchymal tumors. We followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) consensus, and we included patients with a diagnosis of TIO and histological confirmation of phosphaturic mesenchymal tumors or resolution of the condition after treatment of the tumor. Bibliographical searches were carried out until December 2023 in the Cochrane Library, Medline and Embase, as well as congress abstracts online.
RESULTS
We identified 769 articles with 1979 cases reported. Most patients were adults, with a higher incidence on men. Disease duration before diagnosis is a mean of 4.8 years. Most tumors were histologically classified as PMT. Lower limbs were the predominant location. Hypophosphatemia was present in 99.8 % of patients. The FGF23 was elevated at diagnosis in 95.5 %. Resection of the tumor was the treatment of choice in most of patients. After resection, there was a clinical improvement in 97.6 % of cases, and serum phosphorus and FGF23 levels returned to normal ranges in 91.5 % and 81.4 % of the patients, respectively.
CONCLUSION
TIO is usually misdiagnosed with rheumatological or musculoskeletal disorders. The diagnosis should be suspected in patients with hypophosphatemic osteomalacia, and the measurement of serum FGF23 can be useful for diagnosis and management.
PubMed: 38774264
DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2024.101772 -
Liver Cancer Apr 2022Multikinase inhibitors (MKIs) have been shown to improve survival in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) compared with placebo. Distinct from other MKIs,... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Multikinase inhibitors (MKIs) have been shown to improve survival in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) compared with placebo. Distinct from other MKIs, cabozantinib has inhibitory activity for both AXL and MET. This review considers the literature elucidating the role of AXL and MET in HCC progression, treatment resistance, and immunomodulation. A systematic search of the PubMed database was conducted on November 16, 2020, and identified a total of 174 search results. A further 36 potentially relevant articles were identified based on the authors' knowledge. After initial screening by title/abstract, 159 underwent full-text screening and we identified 69 original research articles reporting empirical data from in vitro or in vivo models of HCC evaluating the effects of manipulating AXL or MET signaling on tumorigenic behavior.
SUMMARY
AXL expression is highly correlated with HCC progression and outcomes and has been reported to be involved in transforming growth factor-β and the regulation of PI3K/AKT, ERK/MAPK, and CCN proteins. MET protein expression is increased in HCC with the highest histological grade and has been reported to be involved in the regulation of PI3K/AKT, PLCγ/DAG/PKC, and MAPK/ERK signaling. Both AXL and MET are key regulators of sorafenib resistance in HCC. In terms of immunomodulation, there are data to indicate that AXL and MET interact with the immune components of the tumor microenvironment and promote tumorigenesis and treatment resistance. In addition, AXL was found to play a potential role in the development of a protumorigenic neutrophil phenotype in HCC. Combined inhibition of MET and programmed cell death protein resulted in additive reduction of HCC cell growth.
KEY MESSAGES
AXL and MET play key roles in HCC progression, treatment resistance, and immunomodulation. Continued development of drugs that target these receptor tyrosine kinases appears likely to represent a useful strategy to improve outcomes for patients with HCC.
PubMed: 35634427
DOI: 10.1159/000520501 -
Cells Apr 2023Betel quid and areca nut are complex mixture carcinogens, but little is known about whether their derived single-agent arecoline or arecoline -oxide (ANO) is...
Betel quid and areca nut are complex mixture carcinogens, but little is known about whether their derived single-agent arecoline or arecoline -oxide (ANO) is carcinogenic, and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this systematic review, we analyzed recent studies on the roles of arecoline and ANO in cancer and strategies to block carcinogenesis. In the oral cavity, flavin-containing monooxygenase 3 oxidizes arecoline to ANO, and both alkaloids conjugate with -acetylcysteine to form mercapturic acid compounds, which are excreted in urine, reducing arecoline and ANO toxicity. However, detoxification may not be complete. Arecoline and ANO upregulated protein expression in oral cancer tissue from areca nut users compared to expression levels in adjacent normal tissue, suggesting a causal relationship between these compounds and oral cancer. Sublingual fibrosis, hyperplasia, and oral leukoplakia were diagnosed in mice subjected to oral mucosal smearing of ANO. ANO is more cytotoxic and genotoxic than arecoline. During carcinogenesis and metastasis, these compounds increase the expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) inducers such as reactive oxygen species, transforming growth factor-β1, Notch receptor-1, and inflammatory cytokines, and they activate EMT-related proteins. Arecoline-induced epigenetic markers such as sirtuin-1 hypermethylation, low protein expression of miR-22, and miR-886-3-p accelerate oral cancer progression. Antioxidants and targeted inhibitors of the EMT inducers used reduce the risk of oral cancer development and progression. Our review findings substantiate the association of arecoline and ANO with oral cancer. Both of these single compounds are likely carcinogenic to humans, and their mechanisms and pathways of carcinogenesis are useful indicators for cancer therapy and prognosis.
Topics: Arecoline; Cyclic N-Oxides; Mouth Neoplasms; Carcinogenesis; Humans; Animals; Mice; Areca; Oxygenases; Oxidation-Reduction; Acetylcysteine; Epigenesis, Genetic; Carcinogens
PubMed: 37190117
DOI: 10.3390/cells12081208