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Nutrients Feb 2022Manganese (Mn) is an essential element acting as a co-factor of superoxide dismutase, and it is potentially beneficial for cardiometabolic health by reducing oxidative... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Manganese (Mn) is an essential element acting as a co-factor of superoxide dismutase, and it is potentially beneficial for cardiometabolic health by reducing oxidative stress. Although some studies have examined the relationship between Mn and metabolic syndrome (MetS), no systematic review and meta-analysis has been presented to summarize the evidence. Therefore, the present review examined the association between dietary and environmental Mn exposure, and MetS risk. A total of nine cross-sectional studies and three case-control studies were included, which assessed Mn from diet, serum, urine, and whole blood. The association of the highest Mn level from diet (three studies, odds ratio (OR): 0.83, 95% confidence interval (C.I.) = 0.57, 1.21), serum (two studies, OR: 0.87, 95% C.I. = 0.66, 1.14), urine (two studies, OR: 0.84, 95% C.I. = 0.59, 1.19), and whole blood (two studies, OR: 0.92, 95% C.I. = 0.53, 1.60) were insignificant, but some included studies have suggested a non-linear relationship of urinary and blood Mn with MetS, and higher dietary Mn may associate with a lower MetS risk in some of the included studies. While more evidence from prospective cohorts is needed, future studies should use novel statistical approaches to evaluate relative contribution of Mn on MetS risk along with other inter-related exposures.
Topics: Cross-Sectional Studies; Diet; Humans; Manganese; Metabolic Syndrome; Prospective Studies
PubMed: 35215474
DOI: 10.3390/nu14040825 -
Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome Jan 2021Many clinical studies evaluating the relationship between metabolic syndrome and esophageal cancer yielded uncertain results. The purpose of this study is to... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
Many clinical studies evaluating the relationship between metabolic syndrome and esophageal cancer yielded uncertain results. The purpose of this study is to systematically assess the relationship between metabolic syndrome and esophageal cancer.
METHODS
We searched clinical studies on metabolic syndrome and esophageal cancer risk in PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library. Meta-analysis was conducted by RevMan 5.3 softwares.
RESULTS
A total of four cohort studies and two case-control studies met eligibility criteria and were included in the meta-analysis. Meta-analysis using a fixed-effect model indicated that MetS was related with a higher risk of EC (OR: 1.16, 95% CI 1.08-1.25). Subgroup analyses grouped by pathological types showed that MetS was related with a higher risk of EAC (OR: 1.19, 95% CI 1.10-1.28). Subgroup analyses grouped by metabolic conditions showed hyperglycemia (OR: 1.12, 95% CI 1.03-1.21),hypertension (OR: 1.23, 95% CI 1.04-1.46), obesity (OR: 1.40, 95% CI 1.22-1.60, P < 0.05) were related with a higher risk of EAC.
CONCLUSIONS
Overall, our meta-analysis provides high quality evidence that metabolic syndrome was related with a higher risk of EAC. Among the individual components of the metabolic syndrome, hyperglycemia, hypertension and obesity may be the key factors.
PubMed: 33468224
DOI: 10.1186/s13098-021-00627-6 -
Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and... Jun 2016The purpose of this systematic review was to determine how combinations of physical activity (PA), sedentary behaviour (SB), and sleep were associated with important... (Review)
Review
The purpose of this systematic review was to determine how combinations of physical activity (PA), sedentary behaviour (SB), and sleep were associated with important health indicators in children and youth aged 5-17 years. Online databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, SPORTdiscus, CINAHL, and PsycINFO) were searched for relevant studies examining the relationship between time spent engaging in different combinations of PA, SB, and sleep with the following health indicators: adiposity, cardiometabolic biomarkers, physical fitness, emotional regulation/psychological distress, behavioural conduct/pro-social behaviour, cognition, quality of life/well-being, injuries, bone density, motor skill development, and self-esteem. PA had to be objectively measured, while sleep and SB could be objectively or subjectively measured. The quality of research evidence and risk of bias for each health indicator and for each individual study was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) framework. A total of 13 cross-sectional studies and a single prospective cohort study reporting data from 36 560 individual participants met the inclusion criteria. Children and youth with a combination of high PA/high sleep/low SB had more desirable measures of adiposity and cardiometabolic health compared with those with a combination of low PA/low sleep/high SB. Health benefits were also observed for those with a combination of high PA/high sleep (cardiometabolic health and adiposity) or high PA/low SB (cardiometabolic health, adiposity and fitness), compared with low PA/low sleep or low PA/high SB. Of the 3 movement behaviours, PA (especially moderate- to vigorous-intensity PA) was most consistently associated with desirable health indicators. Given the lack of randomized trials, the overall quality of the available evidence was low.
Topics: Adiposity; Adolescent; Adolescent Behavior; Cardiovascular Diseases; Child; Child Behavior; Child, Preschool; Exercise; Health Status; Humans; Metabolic Syndrome; Muscle, Skeletal; Physical Fitness; Quality of Life; Sedentary Behavior; Sleep
PubMed: 27306434
DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2015-0626 -
JAMA Psychiatry May 2021Schizophrenia is associated with cognitive dysfunction and cardiovascular risk factors, including metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its constituent criteria. Cognitive... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
IMPORTANCE
Schizophrenia is associated with cognitive dysfunction and cardiovascular risk factors, including metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its constituent criteria. Cognitive dysfunction and cardiovascular risk factors can worsen cognition in the general population and may contribute to cognitive impairment in schizophrenia.
OBJECTIVE
To study the association between cognitive dysfunction and cardiovascular risk factors and cognitive impairment in individuals with schizophrenia.
DATA SOURCES
A search was conducted of Embase, Scopus, MEDLINE, PubMed, and Cochrane databases from inception to February 25, 2020, using terms that included synonyms of schizophrenia AND metabolic adversities AND cognitive function. Conference proceedings, clinical trial registries, and reference lists of relevant publications were also searched.
STUDY SELECTION
Studies were included that (1) examined cognitive functioning in patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder; (2) investigated the association of cardiovascular disease risk factors, including MetS, diabetes, obesity, overweight, obesity or overweight, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and insulin resistance with outcomes; and (3) compared cognitive performance of patients with schizophrenia/schizoaffective disorder between those with vs without cardiovascular disease risk factors.
DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS
Extraction of data was conducted by 2 to 3 independent reviewers per article. Data were meta-analyzed using a random-effects model.
MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES
The primary outcome was global cognition, defined as a test score using clinically validated measures of overall cognitive functioning.
RESULTS
Twenty-seven studies involving 10 174 individuals with schizophrenia were included. Significantly greater global cognitive deficits were present in patients with schizophrenia who had MetS (13 studies; n = 2800; effect size [ES] = 0.31; 95% CI, 0.13-0.50; P = .001), diabetes (8 studies; n = 2976; ES = 0.32; 95% CI, 0.23-0.42; P < .001), or hypertension (5 studies; n = 1899; ES = 0.21; 95% CI, 0.11-0.31; P < .001); nonsignificantly greater deficits were present in patients with obesity (8 studies; n = 2779; P = .20), overweight (8 studies; n = 2825; P = .41), and insulin resistance (1 study; n = 193; P = .18). Worse performance in specific cognitive domains was associated with cognitive dysfunction and cardiovascular risk factors regarding 5 domains in patients with diabetes (ES range, 0.23 [95% CI, 0.12-0.33] to 0.40 [95% CI, 0.20-0.61]) and 4 domains with MetS (ES range, 0.15 [95% CI, 0.03-0.28] to 0.40 [95% CI, 0.20-0.61]) and hypertension (ES range, 0.15 [95% CI, 0.04-0.26] to 0.27 [95% CI, 0.15-0.39]).
CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE
In this systematic review and meta-analysis, MetS, diabetes, and hypertension were significantly associated with global cognitive impairment in people with schizophrenia.
Topics: Cognitive Dysfunction; Comorbidity; Diabetes Mellitus; Heart Disease Risk Factors; Humans; Hypertension; Metabolic Syndrome; Schizophrenia
PubMed: 33656533
DOI: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2021.0015 -
PloS One 2018Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) refers to a cluster of metabolic disturbances which is associated with increased risk for vascular and degenerative conditions in general... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) refers to a cluster of metabolic disturbances which is associated with increased risk for vascular and degenerative conditions in general population. Although the relationship between vascular risk factors and dementia is undisputable, additional hazard for cognitive decline in older population with concurrent metabolic disorders still waits to be demonstrated. The present review aims to analyze data on MetS and risk for cognitive decline in elderly persons.
METHODS
Database searches were performed in Medline, ISI and PsycINFO for articles assessing cognitive performances of older subjects with MetS.
RESULTS
Of a total of 505 studies, 25 were selected for the review. Risk of selection biases was identified in all the studies. Although all articles followed recognized diagnostic recommendations for MetS, minor criteria modifications were detected in most of them. Hyperglycemia was consistently associated with impaired cognitive performances in older individuals, but the role of MetS for cognitive decline and for the onset of dementia showed heterogeneous results.
DISCUSSION
Current available data in the literature concerning the impact of MetS on the cognition of older population is inconclusive and based on inconsistent evidence. Differential effects of individual MetS components and factors associated with the age of the sample may have accounted for divergent findings among articles, but larger and higher quality studies in this field are still needed.
Topics: Aged; Biomarkers; Cognitive Dysfunction; Databases, Factual; Dementia; Humans; Hyperglycemia; Metabolic Syndrome; Risk Factors
PubMed: 29579115
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0194990 -
The American Journal of Psychiatry Apr 2015Public health campaigns encouraging early help seeking have increased rates of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) diagnosis in Western countries, but we know little about... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
OBJECTIVE
Public health campaigns encouraging early help seeking have increased rates of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) diagnosis in Western countries, but we know little about how to treat or predict dementia outcomes in persons with the condition.
METHOD
The authors searched electronic databases and references for longitudinal studies reporting potentially modifiable risk factors for incident dementia after MCI. Two authors independently evaluated study quality using a checklist. Meta-analyses were conducted of three or more studies.
RESULTS
There were 76 eligible articles. Diabetes and prediabetes increased risk of conversion from amnestic MCI to Alzheimer's dementia; risk in treated versus untreated diabetes was lower in one study. Diabetes was also associated with increased risk of conversion from any-type or nonamnestic MCI to all-cause dementia. Metabolic syndrome and prediabetes predicted all-cause dementia in people with amnestic and any-type MCI, respectively. Mediterranean diet decreased the risk of conversion to Alzheimer's dementia. The presence of neuropsychiatric symptoms or lower serum folate levels predicted conversion from any-type MCI to all-cause dementia, but less formal education did not. Depressive symptoms predicted conversion from any-type MCI to all-cause dementia in epidemiological but not clinical studies.
CONCLUSIONS
Diabetes increased the risk of conversion to dementia. Other prognostic factors that are potentially manageable are prediabetes and the metabolic syndrome, neuropsychiatric symptoms, and low dietary folate. Dietary interventions and interventions to reduce neuropsychiatric symptoms, including depression, that increase risk of conversion to dementia may decrease new incidence of dementia.
Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Cognitive Dysfunction; Dementia; Depression; Diabetes Mellitus; Diet, Mediterranean; Disease Progression; Educational Status; Folic Acid; Humans; Longitudinal Studies; Metabolic Syndrome; Prediabetic State; Protective Factors; Risk Factors
PubMed: 25698435
DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2014.14070878 -
Brazilian Oral Research May 2018The aim of the present study was to evaluate the association between metabolic syndrome (MS) and periodontitis (PD), through a systematic review and meta-analysis.... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the association between metabolic syndrome (MS) and periodontitis (PD), through a systematic review and meta-analysis. Original observational studies assessing the association between MS and PD in adults, published before May 11th (2017), were identified through electronic searches of MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane Library databases. The PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guideline was used. For studies to be included, they had to mention the criteria used to diagnose MS and to have used at least one clinical measure to diagnose PD. There was no language restriction. Three reviewers independently identified eligible studies for possible inclusion in the systematic review and meta-analysis. The quality of the studies was evaluated by the Newcastle-Ottawa scale for observational studies. A random model meta-analysis was conducted. The strategies used to investigate heterogeneity were sequential analysis, subgroup analysis, univariate meta-regression and sensitivity analysis. Thirty-three studies met the inclusion criteria for the systematic review, and 26 had enough information to be included in the meta-analysis, totaling 52,504 patients. MS and PD were associated with an odds ratio of 1.38 (95%CI 1.26-1.51; I2 = 92.7%; p < 0.001). Subgroup analysis showed that complete periodontal examination (I2 = 70.6%; p < 0.001) partially explained the variability between studies. The present findings suggest an association between MS and PD. Individuals with MS are 38% more likely to present PD than individuals without this condition. Prospective studies should be conducted to establish cause and effect relations between MS and PD.
Topics: Humans; Metabolic Syndrome; Observational Studies as Topic; Periodontitis
PubMed: 29846383
DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2018.vol32.0035 -
The British Journal of Nutrition Apr 2015Overweight/obesity, CVD and type 2 diabetes are strongly associated with nutritional habits. High consumption of fried foods might increase the risk of these disorders.... (Review)
Review
Overweight/obesity, CVD and type 2 diabetes are strongly associated with nutritional habits. High consumption of fried foods might increase the risk of these disorders. However, it is not clear whether the use of vegetables oils for cooking increases the risk of chronic diseases. We systematically searched for published studies that assessed the association between vegetable oil consumption including fried food consumption and the risk of overweight/obesity or weight gain, T2DM or the metabolic syndrome, and CVD or hypertension in the following databases: PubMed; Web of Science; Google Scholar. Keywords such as 'fried food' or 'vegetable oil' or 'frying' or 'frying oils' or 'dietary fats' and 'weight gain' or 'overweight' or 'obesity' or 'CHD' or 'CVD' or 'type 2 diabetes' or 'metabolic syndrome' were used in the primary search. Additional published reports were obtained through other sources. A total of twenty-three publications were included based on specific selection criteria. Based on the results of the studies included in the present systematic review, we conclude that (1) the myth that frying foods is generally associated with a higher risk of CVD is not supported by the available evidence; (2) virgin olive oil significantly reduces the risk of CVD clinical events, based on the results of a large randomised trial that included as part of the intervention the recommendation to use high amounts of virgin olive oil, also for frying foods; and (3) high consumption of fried foods is probably related to a higher risk of weight gain, though the type of oil may perhaps modify this association.
Topics: Chronic Disease; Cooking; Diet, High-Fat; Diet, Mediterranean; Dietary Fats, Unsaturated; Evidence-Based Medicine; Humans; Nutrition Policy; Olive Oil; Overweight; Plant Oils; Risk Factors; Weight Gain
PubMed: 26148920
DOI: 10.1017/S0007114514002931 -
Gut Microbes Nov 2020The intestinal microbiome has been identified as a key modifier for a variety of health conditions. Fecal Microbiota Transplantation (FMT) has emerged as a fast, safe,... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
The intestinal microbiome has been identified as a key modifier for a variety of health conditions. Fecal Microbiota Transplantation (FMT) has emerged as a fast, safe, and effective means by which to modify the intestinal microbiome and potentially treat a variety of health conditions. Despite extensive research of FMT for CDI, there is a lack of clarity informed by systematic synthesis of data regarding the safety and efficacy of FMT for other health conditions. This systematic review used PRISMA guidelines and was prospectively registered with PROSPERO (CRD42018104243). In March 2020, a search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, and PsycINFO was conducted. We identified 26 eligible studies. A meta-analysis of FMT for active Ulcerative Colitis (UC) showed that FMT significantly improved rates of clinical remission (OR = 3.634, 95% CI = 1.940 to 6.808, I = 0%, < .001), clinical response (OR = 2.634, 95% CI = 1.441 to 4.815, I = 33%, = .002) and endoscopic remission (OR = 4.431, 95% CI = 1.901 to 10.324, I = 0%, = .001). With respect to Irritable Bowel Syndrome, a meta-analysis showed no significant change in symptoms following FMT ( = .739). Hepatic disorders, metabolic syndrome, and antibiotic-resistant organisms were conditions with emerging data on FMT. Serious adverse events (AE) were more often reported in control group participants (n = 43) compared with FMT group participants (n = 26). There were similar rates of mild to moderate AE in both groups. Preliminary data suggest that FMT is a potentially safe, well-tolerated and efficacious treatment for certain conditions other than CDI, with evidence for active UC being the most compelling.
Topics: Colitis, Ulcerative; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Fecal Microbiota Transplantation; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Irritable Bowel Syndrome; Liver Diseases; Metabolic Syndrome; Obesity; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 33345703
DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2020.1854640 -
Nutrients Jan 2024Over recent decades, a growing body of evidence has emerged linking the composition of the gut microbiota to sleep regulation. Interestingly, the prevalence of sleep... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Over recent decades, a growing body of evidence has emerged linking the composition of the gut microbiota to sleep regulation. Interestingly, the prevalence of sleep disorders is commonly related to cardiometabolic comorbidities such as diabetes, impaired lipid metabolism, and metabolic syndrome (MetS). In this complex scenario, the role of the gut-brain axis as the main communicating pathway between gut microbiota and sleep regulation pathways in the brain reveals some common host-microbial biomarkers in both sleep disturbances and MetS. As the biological mechanisms behind this complex interacting network of neuroendocrine, immune, and metabolic pathways are not fully understood yet, the present systematic review aims to describe common microbial features between these two unrelated chronic conditions.
RESULTS
This systematic review highlights a total of 36 articles associating the gut microbial signature with MetS or sleep disorders. Specific emphasis is given to studies evaluating the effect of dietary patterns, dietary supplementation, and probiotics on MetS or sleep disturbances.
CONCLUSIONS
Dietary choices promote microbial composition and metabolites, causing both the amelioration and impairment of MetS and sleep homeostasis.
Topics: Humans; Metabolic Syndrome; Brain-Gut Axis; Probiotics; Diet; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Dysbiosis
PubMed: 38337675
DOI: 10.3390/nu16030390