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Ophthalmology Jan 2016Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) is a highly prevalent condition worldwide and the most common cause of irreversible sight loss. The objective is to assess the... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
TOPIC
Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) is a highly prevalent condition worldwide and the most common cause of irreversible sight loss. The objective is to assess the comparative effectiveness of first-line medical treatments in patients with POAG or ocular hypertension through a systematic review and network meta-analysis, and to provide relative rankings of these treatments.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Treatment for POAG currently relies completely on lowering the intraocular pressure (IOP). Although topical drops, lasers, and surgeries can be considered in the initial treatment of glaucoma, most patients elect to start treatment with eye drops.
METHODS
We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compared a single active topical medication with no treatment/placebo or another single topical medication. We searched CENTRAL, MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Food and Drug Administration's website. Two individuals independently assessed trial eligibility, abstracted data, and assessed the risk of bias. We performed Bayesian network meta-analyses.
RESULTS
We included 114 RCTs with data from 20 275 participants. The overall risk of bias of the included trials is mixed. The mean reductions (95% credible intervals) in IOP in millimeters of mercury at 3 months ordered from the most to least effective drugs were as follows: bimatoprost 5.61 (4.94; 6.29), latanoprost 4.85 (4.24; 5.46), travoprost 4.83 (4.12; 5.54), levobunolol 4.51 (3.85; 5.24), tafluprost 4.37 (2.94; 5.83), timolol 3.70 (3.16; 4.24), brimonidine 3.59 (2.89; 4.29), carteolol 3.44 (2.42; 4.46), levobetaxolol 2.56 (1.52; 3.62), apraclonidine 2.52 (0.94; 4.11), dorzolamide 2.49 (1.85; 3.13), brinzolamide 2.42 (1.62; 3.23), betaxolol 2.24 (1.59; 2.88), and unoprostone 1.91 (1.15; 2.67).
CONCLUSIONS
All active first-line drugs are effective compared with placebo in reducing IOP at 3 months. Bimatoprost, latanoprost, and travoprost are among the most efficacious drugs, although the within-class differences were small and may not be clinically meaningful. All factors, including adverse effects, patient preferences, and cost, should be considered in selecting a drug for a given patient.
Topics: Antihypertensive Agents; Glaucoma, Open-Angle; Humans; Intraocular Pressure; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 26526633
DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2015.09.005 -
JAMA Neurology May 2019Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) from ruptured intracranial aneurysms is a subset of stroke with high fatality and morbidity. Better understanding of a change in incidence... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Worldwide Incidence of Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage According to Region, Time Period, Blood Pressure, and Smoking Prevalence in the Population: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
IMPORTANCE
Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) from ruptured intracranial aneurysms is a subset of stroke with high fatality and morbidity. Better understanding of a change in incidence over time and of factors associated with this change could facilitate primary prevention.
OBJECTIVE
To assess worldwide SAH incidence according to region, age, sex, time period, blood pressure, and smoking prevalence.
DATA SOURCES
We searched PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase for studies on SAH incidence published between January 1960 and March 2017. Worldwide blood pressure and smoking prevalence data were extracted from the Noncommunicable Disease Risk Factor and Global Burden of Disease data sets.
STUDY SELECTION
Population-based studies with prospective designs representative of the entire study population according to predefined criteria.
DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS
Two reviewers independently extracted data according to PRISMA guidelines. Incidence of SAH was calculated per 100 000 person-years, and risk ratios (RRs) including 95% CIs were calculated with multivariable random-effects binomial regression. The association of SAH incidence with blood pressure and smoking prevalence was assessed with linear regression.
MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES
Incidence of SAH.
RESULTS
A total of 75 studies from 32 countries were included. These studies comprised 8176 patients with SAH were studied over 67 746 051 person-years. Overall crude SAH incidence across all midyears was 7.9 (95% CI, 6.9-9.0) per 100 000 person-years; the RR for women was 1.3 (95% CI, 0.98-1.7). Compared with men aged 45 to 54 years, the RR in Japanese women older than 75 years was 2.5 (95% CI, 1.8-3.4) and in European women older than 75 years was 1.5 (95% CI, 0.9-2.5). Global SAH incidence declined from 10.2 (95% CI, 8.4-12.5) per 100 000 person-years in 1980 to 6.1 (95% CI, 4.9-7.5) in 2010 or by 1.7% (95% CI, 0.6-2.8) annually between 1955 and 2014. Incidence of SAH declined between 1980 and 2010 by 40.6% in Europe, 46.2% in Asia, and 14.0% in North America and increased by 59.1% in Japan. The global SAH incidence declined with every millimeter of mercury decrease in systolic blood pressure by 7.1% (95% CI, 5.8-8.4) and with every percentage decrease in smoking prevalence by 2.4% (95% CI, 1.6-3.3).
CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE
Worldwide SAH incidence and its decline show large regional differences and parallel the decrease in blood pressure and smoking prevalence. Understanding determinants for regional differences and further reducing blood pressure and smoking prevalence may yield a diminished SAH burden.
Topics: Africa; Aneurysm, Ruptured; Asia; Australasia; Blood Pressure; Central America; Europe; Humans; Incidence; Intracranial Aneurysm; North America; Prevalence; Smoking; South America; Subarachnoid Hemorrhage; Time Factors
PubMed: 30659573
DOI: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2019.0006 -
Deutsches Arzteblatt International May 2018Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women. The German S3 guideline of 2012 has now been updated to take account of advances in the early detection, diagnostic...
BACKGROUND
Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women. The German S3 guideline of 2012 has now been updated to take account of advances in the early detection, diagnostic evaluation, treatment, and follow-up care of this disease.
METHODS
The updating process was based on the adaptation of identified source guidelines and on reviews of the scientific evidence. A systematic search in multiple literature databases was carried out, and the full texts of the selected articles were evaluated. Suggested recommendations were then proposed by interdisciplinary working groups and modified and graded in a nominal consensus procedure.
RESULTS
The value of mammographic screening is confirmed in the updated guideline. As for the diagnostic evaluation of breast cancer, computed tomography is recommended for staging in patients with a high risk of recurrence, in addition to conventional methods. As for surgical treatment, the evidence supporting locoregional surgery for primary breast cancer now affords an opportunity for de-escalation: complete resection yields the best outcome, but a safety margin of several millimeters is not necessary. Axillary dissection is no longer recommended except in certain defined situations. Radiotherapeutic approaches consist of hypofractionated applications. Adjuvant systemic therapy is indicated for patients in certain high-risk situations defined by a constellation of factors including tumor grade, patient age, node status, Ki-67 antigen expression, hormone receptor status, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) status. All patients with hormone receptor-positive breast cancer should receive endocrine therapy. The indication for chemotherapy and/or anti-HER2 therapy should be determined in consideration of the expected benefit and side effects.
CONCLUSION
Consistent implementation of the recommendations in the newly updated guideline can help lessen morbidity and mortality from breast cancer. The actual extent to which breast cancer guidelines are implemented should be a topic of future research.
Topics: Aftercare; Aged; Biopsy, Needle; Breast Neoplasms; Drug Therapy; Female; Germany; Guidelines as Topic; Humans; Mammography; Mass Screening; Middle Aged; Oncology Nursing; Radiography; Surgical Procedures, Operative; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 29807560
DOI: 10.3238/arztebl.2018.0316 -
The Cochrane Database of Systematic... Jul 2018Rheumatoid arthritis is an inflammatory polyarthritis that frequently affects the hands and wrists. Hand exercises are prescribed to improve mobility and strength, and... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Rheumatoid arthritis is an inflammatory polyarthritis that frequently affects the hands and wrists. Hand exercises are prescribed to improve mobility and strength, and thereby hand function.
OBJECTIVES
To determine the benefits and harms of hand exercise in adults with rheumatoid arthritis.
SEARCH METHODS
We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (the Cochrane Library), MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, AMED, Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro), OTseeker, Web of Science, ClinicalTrials.gov and the World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (WHO ICTRP) up to July 2017.
SELECTION CRITERIA
We considered all randomised or quasi-randomised controlled trials that compared hand exercise with any non-exercise therapy.
DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
We used standard methodological procedures as outlined by the Cochrane Musculoskeletal Group.
MAIN RESULTS
We included seven studies involving 841 people (aged 20 to 94 years) in the review. Most studies used validated diagnostic criteria and involved home programmes.Very low-quality evidence (due to risk of bias and imprecision) from one study indicated uncertainty about whether exercise improves hand function in the short term (< 3 months). On a 0 to 80 points hand function test (higher scores mean better function), the exercise group (n = 11) scored 76.1 points and control group (n = 13) scored 75 points.Moderate-quality evidence (due to risk of bias) from one study indicated that exercise compared to usual care probably slightly improves hand function (mean difference (MD) 4.5, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.58 to 7.42; n = 449) in the medium term (3 to 11 months) and in the long term (12 months or beyond) (MD 4.3, 95% CI 0.86 to 7.74; n = 438). The absolute change on a 0-to-100 hand function scale (higher scores mean better function) and number needed to treat for an additional beneficial outcome (NNTB) were 5% (95% CI 2% to 7%); 8 (95% CI 5 to 20) and 4% (95% CI 1% to 8%); 9 (95% CI 6 to 27), respectively. A 4% to 5% improvement indicates a minimal clinical benefit.Very low-quality evidence (due to risk of bias and imprecision) from two studies indicated uncertainty about whether exercise compared to no treatment improved pain (MD -27.98, 95% CI -48.93 to -7.03; n = 124) in the short term. The absolute change on a 0-to-100-millimetre scale (higher scores mean more pain) was -28% (95% CI -49% to -7%) and NNTB 2 (95% CI 2 to 11).Moderate-quality evidence (due to risk of bias) from one study indicated that there is probably little or no difference between exercise and usual care on pain in the medium (MD -2.8, 95% CI - 6.96 to 1.36; n = 445) and long term (MD -3.7, 95% CI -8.1 to 0.7; n = 437). On a 0-to-100 scale, the absolute changes were -3% (95% CI -7% to 2%) and -4% (95% CI -8% to 1%), respectively.Very low-quality evidence (due to risk of bias and imprecision) from three studies (n = 141) indicated uncertainty about whether exercise compared to no treatment improved grip strength in the short term. The standardised mean difference for the left hand was 0.44 (95% CI 0.11 to 0.78), re-expressed as 3.5 kg (95% CI 0.87 to 6.1); and for the right hand 0.46 (95% CI 0.13 to 0.8), re-expressed as 4 kg (95% CI 1.13 to 7).High-quality evidence from one study showed that exercise compared to usual care has little or no benefit on mean grip strength (in kg) of both hands in the medium term (MD 1.4, 95% CI -0.27 to 3.07; n = 400), relative change 11% (95% CI -2% to 13%); and in the long term (MD 1.2, 95% CI -0.62 to 3.02; n = 355), relative change 9% (95% CI -5% to 23%).Very low-quality evidence (due to risk of bias and imprecision) from two studies (n = 120) indicated uncertainty about whether exercise compared to no treatment improved pinch strength (in kg) in the short term. The MD and relative change for the left and right hands were 0.51 (95% CI 0.13 to 0.9) and 44% (95% CI 11% to 78%); and 0.82 (95% CI 0.43 to 1.21) and 68% (95% CI 36% to 101%).High-quality evidence from one study showed that exercise compared to usual care has little or no benefit on mean pinch strength of both hands in the medium (MD 0.3, 95% CI -0.14 to 0.74; n = 396) and long term (MD 0.4, 95% CI -0.08 to 0.88; n = 351). The relative changes were 8% (95% CI -4% to 19%) and 10% (95% CI -2% to 22%).No study evaluated the American College of Rheumatology 50 criteria.Moderate-quality evidence (due to risk of bias) from one study indicated that people who also received exercise with strategies for adherence were probably more adherent than those who received routine care alone in the medium term (risk ratio 1.31, 95% CI 1.15 to 1.48; n = 438) and NNTB 6 (95% CI 4 to 10). In the long term, the risk ratio was 1.09 (95% CI 0.93 to 1.28; n = 422).Moderate-quality evidence (due to risk of bias) from one study (n = 246) indicated no adverse events with exercising. The other six studies did not report adverse events.
AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS
It is uncertain whether exercise improves hand function or pain in the short term. It probably slightly improves function but has little or no difference on pain in the medium and long term. It is uncertain whether exercise improves grip and pinch strength in the short term, and probably has little or no difference in the medium and long term. The ACR50 response is unknown. People who received exercise with adherence strategies were probably more adherent in the medium term than who did not receive exercise, but with little or no difference in the long term. Hand exercise probably does not lead to adverse events. Future research should consider hand and wrist function as their primary outcome, describe exercise following the TIDieR guidelines, and evaluate behavioural strategies.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Exercise Therapy; Hand; Hand Strength; Humans; Middle Aged; Pain Measurement; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Time Factors; Treatment Outcome; Young Adult
PubMed: 30063798
DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD003832.pub3 -
Biomedical Engineering Online Jul 2023In the future, extended reality technology will be widely used. People will be led to utilize virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) technologies in their daily... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
In the future, extended reality technology will be widely used. People will be led to utilize virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) technologies in their daily lives, hobbies, numerous types of entertainment, and employment. Medical augmented reality has evolved with applications ranging from medical education to picture-guided surgery. Moreover, a bulk of research is focused on clinical applications, with the majority of research devoted to surgery or intervention, followed by rehabilitation and treatment applications. Numerous studies have also looked into the use of augmented reality in medical education and training.
METHODS
Using the databases Semantic Scholar, Web of Science, Scopus, IEEE Xplore, and ScienceDirect, a scoping review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) criteria. To find other articles, a manual search was also carried out in Google Scholar. This study presents studies carried out over the previous 14 years (from 2009 to 2023) in detail. We classify this area of study into the following categories: (1) AR and VR in surgery, which is presented in the following subsections: subsection A: MR in neurosurgery; subsection B: spine surgery; subsection C: oral and maxillofacial surgery; and subsection D: AR-enhanced human-robot interaction; (2) AR and VR in medical education presented in the following subsections; subsection A: medical training; subsection B: schools and curriculum; subsection C: XR in Biomedicine; (3) AR and VR for rehabilitation presented in the following subsections; subsection A: stroke rehabilitation during COVID-19; subsection B: cancer and VR, and (4) Millimeter-wave and MIMO systems for AR and VR.
RESULTS
In total, 77 publications were selected based on the inclusion criteria. Four distinct AR and/or VR applications groups could be differentiated: AR and VR in surgery (N = 21), VR and AR in Medical Education (N = 30), AR and VR for Rehabilitation (N = 15), and Millimeter-Wave and MIMO Systems for AR and VR (N = 7), where N is number of cited studies. We found that the majority of research is devoted to medical training and education, with surgical or interventional applications coming in second. The research is mostly focused on rehabilitation, therapy, and clinical applications. Moreover, the application of XR in MIMO has been the subject of numerous research.
CONCLUSION
Examples of these diverse fields of applications are displayed in this review as follows: (1) augmented reality and virtual reality in surgery; (2) augmented reality and virtual reality in medical education; (3) augmented reality and virtual reality for rehabilitation; and (4) millimeter-wave and MIMO systems for augmented reality and virtual reality.
Topics: Humans; Augmented Reality; Biomedical Engineering; COVID-19; Virtual Reality; Stroke Rehabilitation
PubMed: 37525193
DOI: 10.1186/s12938-023-01138-3 -
Journal of Dental Research Sep 2014The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to investigate whether there are any effects of diabetes mellitus on implant failure rates, postoperative... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to investigate whether there are any effects of diabetes mellitus on implant failure rates, postoperative infections, and marginal bone loss. An electronic search without time or language restrictions was undertaken in March 2014. The present review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Eligibility criteria included clinical human studies. The search strategy resulted in 14 publications. The I (2) statistic was used to express the percentage of total variation across studies due to heterogeneity. The inverse variance method was used for the random effects model when heterogeneity was detected or for the fixed effects model when heterogeneity was not detected. The estimates of an intervention for dichotomous outcomes were expressed in risk ratio and in mean difference in millimeters for continuous outcomes, both with a 95% confidence interval. There was a statistically significant difference (p = .001; mean difference = 0.20, 95% confidence interval = 0.08, 0.31) between diabetic and non-diabetic patients concerning marginal bone loss, favoring non-diabetic patients. A meta-analysis was not possible for postoperative infections. The difference between the patients (diabetic vs. non-diabetic) did not significantly affect implant failure rates (p = .65), with a risk ratio of 1.07 (95% confidence interval = 0.80, 1.44). Studies are lacking that include both patient types, with larger sample sizes, and that report the outcome data separately for each group. The results of the present meta-analysis should be interpreted with caution because of the presence of uncontrolled confounding factors in the included studies.
Topics: Alveolar Bone Loss; Dental Implants; Dental Restoration Failure; Diabetes Complications; Humans; Surgical Wound Infection
PubMed: 24928096
DOI: 10.1177/0022034514538820 -
Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) Dec 2021In wireless communication, Fifth Generation (5G) Technology is a recent generation of mobile networks. In this paper, evaluations in the field of mobile communication... (Review)
Review
In wireless communication, Fifth Generation (5G) Technology is a recent generation of mobile networks. In this paper, evaluations in the field of mobile communication technology are presented. In each evolution, multiple challenges were faced that were captured with the help of next-generation mobile networks. Among all the previously existing mobile networks, 5G provides a high-speed internet facility, anytime, anywhere, for everyone. 5G is slightly different due to its novel features such as interconnecting people, controlling devices, objects, and machines. 5G mobile system will bring diverse levels of performance and capability, which will serve as new user experiences and connect new enterprises. Therefore, it is essential to know where the enterprise can utilize the benefits of 5G. In this research article, it was observed that extensive research and analysis unfolds different aspects, namely, millimeter wave (mmWave), massive multiple-input and multiple-output (Massive-MIMO), small cell, mobile edge computing (MEC), beamforming, different antenna technology, etc. This article's main aim is to highlight some of the most recent enhancements made towards the 5G mobile system and discuss its future research objectives.
Topics: Communication; Humans; Technology; Wireless Technology
PubMed: 35009569
DOI: 10.3390/s22010026 -
Journal of Indian Prosthodontic Society 2020To evaluate different methods, techniques, and concepts documented in the literature to assess iris positioning accurately to the related dimensions needed to effectuate... (Review)
Review
AIM
To evaluate different methods, techniques, and concepts documented in the literature to assess iris positioning accurately to the related dimensions needed to effectuate maxillofacial rehabilitation of ocular prosthesis.
SETTINGS AND DESIGN
This systematic review was conducted as per the PRISMA guidelines which is the most opted reporting protocol.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Two electronic databases PubMed and Cochrane Library) were searched for manuscripts published from 1969 till September 30, 2019. An electronic search (of peer review restricted to English language dental literature was conducted to identify the relevant scientific article on iris positioning in maxillofacial prostheses. Two observers independently read the abstracts and selected 17 full text articles fulfilling the inclusion criteria.
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED
No meta-analysis was conducted due to heterogeneity of data obtained.
RESULTS
All the 17 documented articles related to determination of the iris positioning to perform maxillofacial prosthetic rehabilitation depicting the use of a strip of plastic template, a Boley's gauge, a millimeter ruler, a pupillometer, window light, an ocular locator with fixed caliper, inverted anatomic tracings, a transparent graph grid were reviewed systematically.
CONCLUSION
Currently, there is no evidence in the form of a systematic review of the available literature discussing the best technique available for perfectly matching the iris positioning. However, the latest techniques making use of digital technology such as digital photography, is believed to be more precise for iris positioning in the ocular prosthesis.
PubMed: 33487961
DOI: 10.4103/jips.jips_374_19 -
PloS One 2014To summarize relevant evidence investigating the associations between refractive error and age-related macular degeneration (AMD). (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
OBJECTIVE
To summarize relevant evidence investigating the associations between refractive error and age-related macular degeneration (AMD).
DESIGN
Systematic review and meta-analysis.
METHODS
We searched Medline, Web of Science, and Cochrane databases as well as the reference lists of retrieved articles to identify studies that met the inclusion criteria. Extracted data were combined using a random-effects meta-analysis. Studies that were pertinent to our topic but did not meet the criteria for quantitative analysis were reported in a systematic review instead.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the associations between refractive error (hyperopia, myopia, per-diopter increase in spherical equivalent [SE] toward hyperopia, per-millimeter increase in axial length [AL]) and AMD (early and late, prevalent and incident).
RESULTS
Fourteen studies comprising over 5800 patients were eligible. Significant associations were found between hyperopia, myopia, per-diopter increase in SE, per-millimeter increase in AL, and prevalent early AMD. The pooled ORs and 95% CIs were 1.13 (1.06-1.20), 0.75 (0.56-0.94), 1.10 (1.07-1.14), and 0.79 (0.73-0.85), respectively. The per-diopter increase in SE was also significantly associated with early AMD incidence (OR, 1.06; 95% CI, 1.02-1.10). However, no significant association was found between hyperopia or myopia and early AMD incidence. Furthermore, neither prevalent nor incident late AMD was associated with refractive error. Considerable heterogeneity was found among studies investigating the association between myopia and prevalent early AMD (P = 0.001, I2 = 72.2%). Geographic location might play a role; the heterogeneity became non-significant after stratifying these studies into Asian and non-Asian subgroups.
CONCLUSION
Refractive error is associated with early AMD but not with late AMD. More large-scale longitudinal studies are needed to further investigate such associations.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Female; Humans; Incidence; Macular Degeneration; Male; Middle Aged; Odds Ratio; Prevalence; Refractive Errors; Risk Factors; Time Factors
PubMed: 24603619
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0090897 -
Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979) Feb 2012Lower birth weight because of fetal growth restriction is associated with higher blood pressure later in life, but the extent to which preterm birth (<37 completed... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Lower birth weight because of fetal growth restriction is associated with higher blood pressure later in life, but the extent to which preterm birth (<37 completed weeks' gestation) or very low birth weight (<1500 g) predicts higher blood pressure is less clear. We performed a systematic review of 27 observational studies that compared the resting or ambulatory systolic blood pressure or diagnosis of hypertension among children, adolescents, and adults born preterm or very low birth weight with those born at term. We performed a meta-analysis with the subset of 10 studies that reported the resting systolic blood pressure difference in millimeters of mercury with 95% CIs or SEs. We assessed methodologic quality with a modified Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. The 10 studies were composed of 1342 preterm or very low birth weight and 1738 term participants from 8 countries. The mean gestational age at birth of the preterm participants was 30.2 weeks (range: 28.8-34.1 weeks), birth weight was 1280 g (range: 1098-1958 g), and age at systolic blood pressure measurement was 17.8 years (range: 6.3-22.4 years). Former preterm or very low birth weight infants had higher systolic blood pressure than term infants (pooled estimate: 2.5 mm Hg [95% CI: 1.7-3.3 mm Hg]). For the 5 highest quality studies, the systolic blood pressure difference was slightly greater, at 3.8 mm Hg (95% CI: 2.6-5.0 mm Hg). We conclude that infants who are born preterm or very low birth weight have modestly higher systolic blood pressure later in life and may be at increased risk for developing hypertension and its sequelae.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Blood Pressure; Child; Female; Humans; Hypertension; Infant, Low Birth Weight; Infant, Newborn; Predictive Value of Tests; Pregnancy; Premature Birth; Risk Factors; Systole; Young Adult
PubMed: 22158643
DOI: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.111.181784