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Neuro-oncology Advances 2022Prognostic factors in adolescent and young adult (AYA) glioma are not well understood. Though clinical and molecular differences between pediatric and adult glioma have...
BACKGROUND
Prognostic factors in adolescent and young adult (AYA) glioma are not well understood. Though clinical and molecular differences between pediatric and adult glioma have been characterized, their application to AYA populations is less clear. There is a major need to develop more robust evidence-based practices for managing AYA glioma patients.
METHODS
A systematic review using PRISMA methodology was conducted using multiple databases with the objective of identifying demographic, clinical, molecular and treatment factors influencing AYA glioma outcomes.
RESULTS
40 Studies met inclusion criteria. Overall survival was highly variable across studies depending on glioma grade, anatomic compartment and cohort characteristics. Thirty-five studies suffered from high risk of bias in at least one domain. Several studies included older adults within their cohorts; few captured purely AYA groups. Despite study heterogeneity, identified favorable prognosticators included younger age, higher functional status at diagnosis, low-grade pathology, oligodendroglioma histology and increased extent of surgical resection. Though isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutant status was associated with favorable prognosis, validity of this finding within AYA was compromised though may studies including older adults. The prognostic influence of chemotherapy and radiotherapy on overall survival varied across studies with conflicting evidence.
CONCLUSION
Existing literature is heterogenous, at high risk of bias, and rarely focused solely on AYA patients. Many included studies did not reflect updated pathological and molecular AYA glioma classification. The optimal role of chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and targeted agents cannot be determined from existing literature and should be the focus of future studies.
PubMed: 36479061
DOI: 10.1093/noajnl/vdac168 -
Virology Journal Feb 2018Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection is closely associated with coronary heart disease. In 1987, Adam et al. were the first to report an association between HCMV... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection is closely associated with coronary heart disease. In 1987, Adam et al. were the first to report an association between HCMV infection and atherosclerosis (AS), and later, many serum epidemiology and molecular biology studies showed that HCMV-infected endothelial cells play an important role in the development of AS. As patients with HCMV are generally susceptible to coronary heart disease, and with the increasing elderly population, a review of recent studies focusing on the relationships of HCMV infection and coronary heart disease is timely and necessary.
SHORT CONCLUSION
The role of HCMV infection in the development of AS needs further study, since many remaining issues need to be explored and resolved. For example, whether HCMV promotes the development of coronary AS, and what the independent factors that lead to coronary artery AS by viral infection are. A comprehensive understanding of HCMV infection is needed in order to develop better strategies for preventing AS.
Topics: Animals; Atherosclerosis; Blood Coagulation; Cell Movement; Cell Proliferation; Coronary Disease; Cytomegalovirus; Cytomegalovirus Infections; Disease Models, Animal; Endothelial Cells; Humans; Immunomodulation; Inflammasomes; Lipid Metabolism; Population Surveillance
PubMed: 29409508
DOI: 10.1186/s12985-018-0937-3 -
Journal of Pharmacy & Bioallied Sciences Aug 2020Diabetes mellitus is an endocrinal disorder affecting worldwide and the disease incidence is rising alarmingly high. The effects of diabetes on tooth development are... (Review)
Review
Diabetes mellitus is an endocrinal disorder affecting worldwide and the disease incidence is rising alarmingly high. The effects of diabetes on tooth development are explored by limited studies and their molecular insights are very rarely studied. This systematic review is aimed to provide the best scientific literature source on the molecular insights into odontogenesis in hyperglycemic environment caused by diabetes mellitus or by maternal diabetes on the offspring. The literature search was conducted on the databases, namely PubMed, PubMed Central, Cochrane, and Scopus. The original studies exploring the alterations in the molecular pathways of odontogenesis in diabetes mellitus were selected. Data were extracted, chosen, and evaluated by two independent researchers. At the end of thorough data search, four articles were eligible for the review. Three articles brought out the molecular pathways involved in the offspring of gestational diabetes through animal models. Fourth article was an study, which treated the stem cells in hyperglycemic environment and drafted the molecular pathway. The altered molecular pathways in dental epithelial stem cells (DESCs), dental papilla cells (DPCs), and stem cells from apical papilla were studied and empowered with statistical analysis. Thus with this systematic review, we conclude that apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease1 downregulation causing deoxyribonucleic acid hypermethylation and gene silencing, activation of toll-like receptor-4/nuclear factor kappa B (TLR4/NF-κB) pathway are involved in suppressing cell proliferation and accelerated apoptosis in DESCs in high glucose environment. DPCs are suppressed from odonto differentiation by activation of TLR4 signaling and resulting inhibition of SMAD1/5/9 phosphorylation in diabetic condition. NF-κB pathway activation causes decreased cell proliferation and enhanced differentiation in apical papilla stem cells in hyperglycemia. Further studies targeting various stages of odontogenesis can reveal more molecular insight.
PubMed: 33149430
DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.JPBS_159_20 -
International Journal of Gynaecology... Jul 2022The TCGA molecular groups of endometrial carcinoma are "POLE-mutated" (POLEmut), "microsatellite-instable/mismatch repair-deficient" (MSI/MMRd),... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
The TCGA molecular groups of endometrial carcinoma are "POLE-mutated" (POLEmut), "microsatellite-instable/mismatch repair-deficient" (MSI/MMRd), "TP53-mutated/p53-abnormal" (TP53mut/p53abn), and "no specific molecular profile" (NSMP).
OBJECTIVE
Prognostic assessment of the TCGA groups in uterine carcinosarcoma (UCS).
SEARCH STRATEGY
Systematic review from January 2000 to January 2021.
SELECTION CRITERIA
Studies assessing the TCGA groups in UCS.
DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were assessed by Kaplan-Meier and Cox analyses (reference: TP53mut/p53abn group) and compared with endometrioid and serous carcinomas (original TCGA cohort), with a significant P < 0.050.
MAIN RESULTS
Five studies with 263 UCS were included. Compared with TP53mut/p53abn UCS, MSI/MMRd UCS showed significantly better PFS (P < 0.001) but similar OS (P = 0.788), whereas NSMP UCS showed similar PFS (P = 0.936) and OS (P = 0.240). Compared with their endometrioid/serous counterparts, NSMP and TP53mut/p53abn UCS showed significantly worse PFS (P < 0.001 and P = 0.004) and OS (P < 0.001 and P < 0.001), while MSI/MMRd UCS showed similar PFS (P = 0.595) but significantly worse OS (P < 0.001). The POLEmut group showed neither recurrences nor deaths in both the UCS and the endometrioid/serous carcinoma cohorts.
CONCLUSION
POLEmut UCS show excellent prognosis, whereas TP53mut/p53abn and NSMP UCS show a prognosis even worse than that of TP53mut/p53abn endometrioid/serous carcinomas. The prognosis of MSI/MMRd UCS remains to be defined.
Topics: Carcinoma, Endometrioid; Carcinosarcoma; Endometrial Neoplasms; Female; Humans; Prognosis; Uterine Neoplasms
PubMed: 34536971
DOI: 10.1002/ijgo.13937 -
Journal of Clinical Virology : the... Jul 2023Human papillomavirus associated anogenital cancers are a significant global burden. The detection of biomarkers (circulating tumour DNA; ctDNA or circulating HPV DNA;... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Human papillomavirus associated anogenital cancers are a significant global burden. The detection of biomarkers (circulating tumour DNA; ctDNA or circulating HPV DNA; cHPV DNA) in blood referred to as "liquid biopsy" may support the early diagnosis and monitoring of affected individuals.
METHODS
A systematic review, including meta-analysis of studies available in the literature on the utilization of ctDNA and cHPV DNA as diagnostic, predictive, and monitoring biomarker tests of HPV associated anogenital cancers was performed following the criteria of PRISMA.
RESULTS
A total of 31 studies were eligible for systematic review; 20 used cHPV DNA in cervical cancers; 7 used ctDNA in cervical cancer; 5 used cHPV DNA in anal cancer; no eligible studies on vulva, vaginal or penile cancer were available. The meta-analysis identified low sensitivity (0.36) and high specificity (0.96) of cHPV DNA as diagnostic for cervical cancer. Comparatively, there was high sensitivity (0.95) and specificity (1.0) of cHPV DNA for the diagnosis of anal cancer. cHPV DNA and/or ctDNA in cervical cancer were prognostic markers associated with poor clinical outcomes. Additionally, in anal cancer the post treatment detection of cHPV DNA was informative in the prediction of treatment response or progression-free survival.
CONCLUSION
ctDNA and cHPV DNA are promising diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for the detection of anogenital disease. Evolution and refinement of molecular tools is likely to improve performance further. Additionally the comparative absence of studies in the vulval, vaginal and penile context warrants further exploration and research.
Topics: Female; Humans; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms; Papillomavirus Infections; Human Papillomavirus Viruses; Anus Neoplasms; DNA
PubMed: 37163963
DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2023.105469 -
PloS One 2021Xerosis cutis or dry skin is a highly prevalent dermatological disorder especially in the elderly and in patients with underlying health conditions. In the past decades,...
BACKGROUND
Xerosis cutis or dry skin is a highly prevalent dermatological disorder especially in the elderly and in patients with underlying health conditions. In the past decades, numerous molecular markers have been investigated for their association with the occurrence or severity of skin dryness. The aim of this review was to summarize the molecular markers used in xerosis cutis research and to describe possible associations with different dry skin etiologies.
METHODS
We conducted a systematic review of molecular markers of xerosis cutis caused by internal or systemic changes. References published between 1990 and September 2020 were searched using 'MEDLINE', 'EMBASE' and 'Biological abstracts' databases. Study results were summarized and analyzed descriptively. The review protocol was registered in PROSPERO database (CRD42020214173).
RESULTS
A total of 21 study reports describing 72 molecules were identified including lipids, natural moisturizing factors (NMFs), proteins including cytokines and metabolites or metabolic products. Most frequently reported markers were ceramides, total free fatty acids, triglycerides and selected components of NMFs. Thirty-one markers were reported only once. Although, associations of these molecular markers with skin dryness were described, reports of unclear and/or no association were also frequent for nearly every marker.
CONCLUSION
An unexpectedly high number of various molecules to quantify xerosis cutis was found. There is substantial heterogeneity regarding molecular marker selection, tissue sampling and laboratory analyses. Empirical evidence is also heterogeneous regarding possible associations with dry skin. Total free fatty acids, total ceramide, ceramide (NP), ceramide (NS), triglyceride, total free amino acids and serine seem to be relevant, but the association with dry skin is inconsistent. Although the quantification of molecular markers plays an important role in characterizing biological processes, pathogenic processes or pharmacologic responses, it is currently unclear which molecules work best in xerosis cutis.
Topics: Biomarkers; Ceramides; Connective Tissue Diseases; Epidermis; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; Humans; Lipids; Skin; Skin Diseases; Skin Diseases, Eczematous; Skin Physiological Phenomena
PubMed: 34914754
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0261253 -
Environmental Research Feb 2023Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are exogenous substances recognised as relevant tumourigenic chemicals. Studies show that even EDCs which were long abolished are... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are exogenous substances recognised as relevant tumourigenic chemicals. Studies show that even EDCs which were long abolished are still contributing to the increasing incidence of neoplasia.
AIM
To investigate the association between human exposure to EDCs and the risk of endocrine-related tumours: breast, prostate, thyroid, uterus, testis, and ovary.
METHODS
A systematic review using PubMed, Scopus, and Embase was conducted, searching for original observational studies published between 1980 and 2020, approaching EDCs exposure and endocrine tumourigenic risk in humans. We comprised neoplasia of six endocrine organs. We included all the studies on EDCs reporting tumour odds ratio, risk ratio, or hazard ratio. Study levels of confidence and risk of bias were accessed applying accredited guidelines. Human-made accidents and natural EDCs were not considered in the present study.
RESULTS
Our search returned 3271 papers. After duplicate removal and screening, only 237 papers were included (corresponding to 268 records). EDCs were grouped from the most frequently (pesticides) to the least frequently studied (salts). The most tumourigenic EDC groups were phthalates (63%), heavy metals (54%), particulate matter (47%), and pesticides (46%). Pesticides group comprised the highest number of retrieved studies (n = 133). Increased neoplasia risk was found in 43-67% of the studies, with a lower value for ovary (43%) and a higher value for thyroid (67%).
CONCLUSIONS
The innovative nature of our review comes from including human studies of six endocrine-related neoplasia aiming to understand the contribution of specific EDCs groups to each organ's tumourigenesis. Thyroid was the organ presenting the highest cancer risk after EDC exposure which may explain the increasing thyroid cancer incidence. However, detailed and controlled works reporting the effects of EDCs are scarce, probably justifying conflicting results. Multinational and multicentric human studies with biochemical analysis are needed to achieve stronger and concordant evidence.
Topics: Male; Female; Humans; Endocrine Disruptors; Endocrine System; Pesticides; Testis; Metals, Heavy
PubMed: 36460069
DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114869 -
Chinese Medical Journal Nov 2017The aim was to update the genetic and clinical advances of congenital muscular dystrophy (CMD), based on a systematic review of the literature from 1991 to 2017. (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
The aim was to update the genetic and clinical advances of congenital muscular dystrophy (CMD), based on a systematic review of the literature from 1991 to 2017.
DATA SOURCES
Articles in English published in PubMed from 1991 to 2017 English were searched. The terms used in the literature searches were CMD.
STUDY SELECTION
The task force initially identified citations for 98 published articles. Of the 98 articles, 52 studies were selected after further detailed review. Three articles, which were not written in English, were excluded from the study. This study referred to all the important and English literature in full.
RESULTS
CMD is a group of early-onset disorders encompassing great clinical and genetic heterogeneity. Patients present with muscle weakness typically from birth to early infancy, delay or arrest of gross motor development, and joint and/or spinal rigidity. The diagnosis of CMD relies on clinical findings, brain and muscle imaging, muscle biopsy histology, muscle and/or skin immunohistochemical staining, and molecular genetic testing.
CONCLUSIONS
Advances in next-generation sequencing and histopathological techniques have enabled the recognition of distinct CMD subtypes supported by specific gene identification. Genetic counseling and multidisciplinary management of CMD play an important role in help patients and their family. Further elucidation of the significant clinical and genetic heterogeneity, therapeutic targets, and the clinical care for patients remains our challenge for the future.
Topics: High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing; Humans; Muscle, Skeletal; Muscular Dystrophies; Muscular Dystrophies, Limb-Girdle
PubMed: 29067961
DOI: 10.4103/0366-6999.217091 -
Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy =... Jan 2021As highly conserved non-coding RNAs of approximately 18-24 nucleotides, microRNAs (miRNAs) regulate the expression of target genes. Multiple studies have demonstrated...
As highly conserved non-coding RNAs of approximately 18-24 nucleotides, microRNAs (miRNAs) regulate the expression of target genes. Multiple studies have demonstrated that miRNAs participate in the regulation of human cancer. MircoRNA-217 (miR-217) participates in the regulation of various tumors by specifically binding target genes and post-transcriptional regulation. In recent years, there have been numerous reports about miR-217 in tumor progression. MiR-217 is known mainly as a tumor suppressor, although some studies have shown that it functions as an oncomiR. Here, we review the current research related to miR-217, including its role in tumor progression and the molecular mechanisms.
Topics: Animals; Biomarkers, Tumor; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; Genes, Tumor Suppressor; Humans; MicroRNAs; Neoplasms; Signal Transduction
PubMed: 33254014
DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110943 -
Clinical and Molecular Hepatology Apr 2023Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common and deadly cancers worldwide and is characterized by complex molecular carcinogenesis. Neuropilins (NRPs) NRP1... (Review)
Review
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common and deadly cancers worldwide and is characterized by complex molecular carcinogenesis. Neuropilins (NRPs) NRP1 and NRP2 are the receptors of multiple proteins involved in key signaling pathways associated with tumor progression. We aimed to systematically review all the available findings on their role in HCC. We searched the Scopus, Web of Science (WOS), PubMed, Cochrane and Embase databases for articles evaluating NRPs in preclinical or clinical HCC models. This study was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42022349774) and include 49 studies. Multiple cellular and molecular processes have been associated with one or both NRPs, indicating that they are potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in HCC patients. Mainly NRP1 has been shown to promote tumor cell survival and progression by modulating several signaling pathways. NRPs mainly regulate angiogenesis, invasion and migration and have shown to induce invasion and metastasis. They also regulate the immune response and tumor microenvironment, showing a crucial interplay with the hypoxia response and microRNAs in HCC. Altogether, NRP1 and NRP2 are potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets, providing novel insight into the clinical landscape of HCC patients.
Topics: Humans; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Neuropilins; Liver Neoplasms; Signal Transduction; Biomarkers; Biomarkers, Tumor; Tumor Microenvironment
PubMed: 36726054
DOI: 10.3350/cmh.2022.0425