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International Journal of Environmental... Jun 2022The aim of this systematic review was to identify the main factors affecting the training process of para-athletes, as well as the barriers they encounter. For this... (Review)
Review
The aim of this systematic review was to identify the main factors affecting the training process of para-athletes, as well as the barriers they encounter. For this purpose, a systematic review was carried out in accordance with the PRISMA declaration guidelines, in which six databases were analysed (Web of Science, Scopus, SportDiscus, Pubmed, Eric, and PsycInfo). A total of 19 articles were selected for analysis after applying the inclusion criteria. The results show that the figures of the coach and families in the sporting and social contexts, respectively, had a relevant influence on the training process of para-athletes. Furthermore, in terms of psychological aspects, stress reduction, the importance of self-esteem, and motivation were highlighted. On the other hand, there are some barriers hindering the training and performance of athletes, which are related to the lack of financial support, lack of visibility in the media, and dependence on other people. These considerations can be of great help to coaches and competent institutions in the field (Paralympic committees, federations, etc.) in order to improve the training process and performance of para-athletes and to eliminate the barriers encountered by this group, promoting policies which facilitate access to sports for people with disabilities.
Topics: Athletes; Disabled Persons; Humans; Motivation; Para-Athletes; Sports
PubMed: 35742492
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19127242 -
Frontiers in Public Health 2022Horizontal violence is common in nurses. Most published studies have focused on horizontal violence and higher turnover rates in nurses; however, it lacks systematic... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Horizontal violence is common in nurses. Most published studies have focused on horizontal violence and higher turnover rates in nurses; however, it lacks systematic reviews and meta-analyses. The purpose of this review is to quantitatively assess the correlation between horizontal violence and turnover intention in nurses.
METHODS
Systematic review and meta-analysis were performed in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. The relationship between horizontal violence and turnover intention in nurses was obtained by systematically searching related literature in four English databases (Cochrane, PubMed, Embase, and CINAHL) and three Chinese databases (SinoMed, CNKI, and Wanfang) (up to 6 March 2022). The relationship between horizontal violence and turnover intention was evaluated using Fisher's value, which was then converted to . STATA 16.0 was used to perform statistical analysis. The random-effects model was performed to synthesize data.
RESULTS
A total of 14 studies with 6,472 nurses were included. A low-positive correlation of horizontal violence with turnover intention was found (pooled =0.32 [0.29-0.34]). Subgroup analysis showed that sample size and quality were not the source of heterogeneity. Measurement tool was the source of heterogeneity. Although geographic region might not be the source of heterogeneity, further subgroup analysis of the country reveals heterogeneity. The funnel plot and Egger's test showed no publication bias.
CONCLUSION
Horizontal violence had a low positive correlation with turnover intention in nurses. Nurses who experienced horizontal violence were more likely to leave or change careers than those who did not experience horizontal violence. This finding helps to draw attention to horizontal violence by nursing managers and implement effective interventions for nurses, so as to reduce nurses' turnover.
Topics: Humans; Intention; Workplace Violence; Job Satisfaction; Personnel Turnover; Asian People
PubMed: 36276344
DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.964629 -
The Journal of Antibiotics Feb 2016Despite the growing threat of antimicrobial resistance, pharmaceutical and biotechnology firms are reluctant to develop novel antibiotics because of a host of market... (Review)
Review
Despite the growing threat of antimicrobial resistance, pharmaceutical and biotechnology firms are reluctant to develop novel antibiotics because of a host of market failures. This problem is complicated by public health goals that demand antibiotic conservation and equitable patient access. Thus, an innovative incentive strategy is needed to encourage sustainable investment in antibiotics. This systematic review consolidates, classifies and critically assesses a total of 47 proposed incentives. Given the large number of possible strategies, a decision framework is presented to assist with the selection of incentives. This framework focuses on addressing market failures that result in limited investment, public health priorities regarding antibiotic stewardship and patient access, and implementation constraints and operational realities. The flexible nature of this framework allows policy makers to tailor an antibiotic incentive package that suits a country's health system structure and needs.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Decision Support Techniques; Drug Discovery; Global Health; Health Policy; Humans; Motivation
PubMed: 26464014
DOI: 10.1038/ja.2015.98 -
Maternal and Child Health Journal Jan 2021Although many studies have examined the relationship between women's empowerment and a wide range of health outcomes, the extent to which the different dimensions of... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Although many studies have examined the relationship between women's empowerment and a wide range of health outcomes, the extent to which the different dimensions of empowerment influence children's health, and through which mechanisms and in what contexts, is limited in sub-Saharan Africa. The objective of this review is to systematically assess and examine studies that investigated the association between women's empowerment and children's health status in sub-Saharan Africa.
METHODS
A systematic review of the published literature is searched through PubMed, Google Scholar, Embase, Web of Science and Scopus databases focusing on different measures of women's empowerment and children's health outcomes. Inclusion criteria in the review are studies that are published in English; full and original articles; studies measuring at least one dimension of women's empowerment and children's health outcomes; and Sub-Saharan African context. Studies included in this review are articles published between the year 2000 and 2019. Studies were excluded if the source was a letter, editorial, review, commentary, abstracts without providing full information about the study.
RESULTS
Initially 4718 citations were identified. Finally, 15 studies met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. In general, the evidence suggests that women's empowerment at the household level is positively and statistically significantly associated with better children's health outcomes in sub-Saharan African countries. The review also reveals that women's decision-making power or autonomy is the most common measure of women's empowerment employed by many studies.
CONCLUSIONS
Future related studies would benefit by incorporating additional aspects of women's empowerment and child health outcomes.
Topics: Child; Child Health; Decision Making; Female; Humans; Infant; Infant Health; Power, Psychological; Women's Rights
PubMed: 33226578
DOI: 10.1007/s10995-020-03025-y -
Social Science & Medicine (1982) Mar 2024This paper examined the relationship between social identity and health-related behavior, exploring whether social identities are associated with multiple health-related... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
This paper examined the relationship between social identity and health-related behavior, exploring whether social identities are associated with multiple health-related behaviors or only specific ones, and whether this association varies on the type of social identity, the type of social identity measures or the expected relationship between identity and behavior. In a systematic review and meta-analysis we assessed whether the pattern of findings can be explained by the social identity approach. An extensive literature search was conducted in several databases including EBSCO-host and PubMed, using elaborate search terms related to social identity and health-related behavior. This resulted in 10728 potential articles, with 115 articles (with 248 effect sizes from 133 independent samples, N = 112.112) included in the meta-analysis. We found a small but positive overall association between social identification and health-related behavior, which was present for actual behavior, as well as for intention and attitudes. This association was stronger for health-related social identities, positive health-related behaviors, when the expected relationship was positive and when indirect social identity measures were used. However, not all findings could be explained by the social identity approach, indicating a need for further research to better understand the relationship between social identity and health-related behavior, in order to more effectively incorporate social identity into health interventions.
Topics: Humans; Social Identification; Health Behavior; Intention
PubMed: 38330634
DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2024.116629 -
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal... Jan 2023Forest restoration has been proposed as a scalable nature-based solution to achieve global environmental and socio-economic outcomes and is central to many policy... (Review)
Review
Forest restoration has been proposed as a scalable nature-based solution to achieve global environmental and socio-economic outcomes and is central to many policy initiatives, such as the Bonn Challenge. Restored forests contain appreciable biodiversity, improve habitat connectivity and sequester carbon. Incentive mechanisms (e.g. payments for ecosystem services and allocation of management rights) have been a focus of forest restoration efforts for decades. Yet, there is still little understanding of their role in promoting restoration success. We conducted a systematic literature review to investigate how incentive mechanisms are used to promote forest restoration, outcomes, and the biophysical and socio-economic factors that influence implementation and program success. We found that socio-economic factors, such as governance, monitoring systems and the experience and beliefs of participants, dominate whether or not an incentive mechanism is successful. We found that approximately half of the studies report both positive ecological and socio-economic outcomes. However, reported adverse outcomes were more commonly socio-economic than ecological. Our results reveal that achieving forest restoration at a sufficient scale to meet international commitments will require stronger assessment and management of socio-economic factors that enable or constrain the success of incentive mechanisms. This article is part of the theme issue 'Understanding forest landscape restoration: reinforcing scientific foundations for the UN Decade on Ecosystem Restoration'.
Topics: Humans; Ecosystem; Motivation; Forests; Biodiversity; Conservation of Natural Resources
PubMed: 36373914
DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2021.0088 -
International Journal of Environmental... Jun 2020The aim was to review the effects of cooperative learning interventions on intrinsic motivation in physical education students, as well as to conduct a meta-analysis to... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
The aim was to review the effects of cooperative learning interventions on intrinsic motivation in physical education students, as well as to conduct a meta-analysis to determinate the overall effect size of these interventions. The PRISMA guidelines were followed to conduct this systematic review and meta-analysis. The PEDro Scale was used to assess the risk of bias and the GRADE approach was used to evaluate the quality of the evidence. A total of five studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria and they were included in the meta-analysis. Effect size for intrinsic motivation of each study was calculated using the means and standard deviations of the Perceived Locus of Causality Scale (PLOC) before and after the intervention. The overall effect size for intrinsic motivation was 0.38 (95% CI from 0.17 to 0.60) while the heterogeneity was large. Although four of the five studies reported significant within-group improvements in intrinsic motivation, only three studies showed significant between-group differences in favor of the experimental group. The findings showed that program duration and participant age may be relevant factors that must be considered by educators and researchers to conduct future effective interventions. Cooperative learning interventions could be a useful teaching strategy to improve physical education students' intrinsic motivation. However, given the large heterogeneity and the low quality of the evidence, these findings must be taken with caution.
Topics: Humans; Learning; Motivation; Physical Education and Training; Physical Examination; Students
PubMed: 32575836
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17124451 -
The Cochrane Database of Systematic... May 2022Substance use disorder (SUD) is the continued use of one or more psychoactive substances, including alcohol, despite negative effects on health, functioning, and social... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Substance use disorder (SUD) is the continued use of one or more psychoactive substances, including alcohol, despite negative effects on health, functioning, and social relations. Problematic drug use has increased by 10% globally since 2013, and harmful use of alcohol is associated with 5.3% of all deaths. Direct effects of music therapy (MT) on problematic substance use are not known, but it may be helpful in alleviating associated psychological symptoms and decreasing substance craving.
OBJECTIVES
To compare the effect of music therapy (MT) in addition to standard care versus standard care alone, or to standard care plus an active control intervention, on psychological symptoms, substance craving, motivation for treatment, and motivation to stay clean/sober.
SEARCH METHODS
We searched the following databases (from inception to 1 February 2021): the Cochrane Drugs and Alcohol Specialised Register; CENTRAL; MEDLINE (PubMed); eight other databases, and two trials registries. We handsearched reference lists of all retrieved studies and relevant systematic reviews.
SELECTION CRITERIA
We included randomised controlled trials comparing MT plus standard care to standard care alone, or MT plus standard care to active intervention plus standard care for people with SUD.
DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
We used standard Cochrane methodology.
MAIN RESULTS
We included 21 trials involving 1984 people. We found moderate-certainty evidence of a medium effect favouring MT plus standard care over standard care alone for substance craving (standardised mean difference (SMD) -0.66, 95% confidence interval (CI) -1.23 to -0.10; 3 studies, 254 participants), with significant subgroup differences indicating greater reduction in craving for MT intervention lasting one to three months; and small-to-medium effect favouring MT for motivation for treatment/change (SMD 0.41, 95% CI 0.21 to 0.61; 5 studies, 408 participants). We found no clear evidence of a beneficial effect on depression (SMD -0.33, 95% CI -0.72 to 0.07; 3 studies, 100 participants), or motivation to stay sober/clean (SMD 0.22, 95% CI -0.02 to 0.47; 3 studies, 269 participants), though effect sizes ranged from large favourable effect to no effect, and we are uncertain about the result. There was no evidence of beneficial effect on anxiety (mean difference (MD) -0.17, 95% CI -4.39 to 4.05; 1 study, 60 participants), though we are uncertain about the result. There was no meaningful effect for retention in treatment for participants receiving MT plus standard care as compared to standard care alone (risk ratio (RR) 0.99, 95% 0.93 to 1.05; 6 studies, 199 participants). There was a moderate effect on motivation for treatment/change when comparing MT plus standard care to another active intervention plus standard care (SMD 0.46, 95% CI -0.00 to 0.93; 5 studies, 411 participants), and certainty in the result was moderate. We found no clear evidence of an effect of MT on motivation to stay sober/clean when compared to active intervention, though effect sizes ranged from large favourable effect to no effect, and we are uncertain about the result (MD 0.34, 95% CI -0.11 to 0.78; 3 studies, 258 participants). There was no clear evidence of effect on substance craving (SMD -0.04, 95% CI -0.56 to 0.48; 3 studies, 232 participants), depression (MD -1.49, 95% CI -4.98 to 2.00; 1 study, 110 participants), or substance use (RR 1.05, 95% CI 0.85 to 1.29; 1 study, 140 participants) at one-month follow-up when comparing MT plus standard care to active intervention plus standard care. There were no data on adverse effects. Unclear risk of selection bias applied to most studies due to incomplete description of processes of randomisation and allocation concealment. All studies were at unclear risk of detection bias due to lack of blinding of outcome assessors for subjective outcomes (mostly self-report). We judged that bias arising from such lack of blinding would not differ between groups. Similarly, it is not possible to blind participants and providers to MT. We consider knowledge of receiving this type of therapy as part of the therapeutic effect itself, and thus all studies were at low risk of performance bias for subjective outcomes. We downgraded all outcomes one level for imprecision due to optimal information size not being met, and two levels for outcomes with very low sample size. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: Results from this review suggest that MT as 'add on' treatment to standard care can lead to moderate reductions in substance craving and can increase motivation for treatment/change for people with SUDs receiving treatment in detoxification and short-term rehabilitation settings. Greater reduction in craving is associated with MT lasting longer than a single session. We have moderate-to-low confidence in our findings as the included studies were downgraded in certainty due to imprecision, and most included studies were conducted by the same researcher in the same detoxification unit, which considerably impacts the transferability of findings.
Topics: Anxiety; Bias; Craving; Humans; Music Therapy; Substance-Related Disorders
PubMed: 35532044
DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD012576.pub3 -
Journal of Multidisciplinary Healthcare 2023The high number of cases of COVID-19 has caused an increase in workload and a shortage of medical personnel in various countries, so volunteers are needed, such as... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
The high number of cases of COVID-19 has caused an increase in workload and a shortage of medical personnel in various countries, so volunteers are needed, such as health students. However, becoming a volunteer during a pandemic is influenced by motivational factors and barriers.
PURPOSE
This study aims to identify the motivations and barriers of health students as COVID-19 volunteers.
METHODS
This study uses a systematic scoping review. A literature review was conducted using CINAHL, PubMed, and ScienceDirect databases. The study was eligible for inclusion if it included articles published from 2020 to 2022, full-text, and primary studies. Studies were excluded if they were not in English. The keywords used in English were "health students OR nursing students OR medical students" AND "motivation OR willingness" AND "Barriers" AND "volunteer OR volunteering OR volunteerism OR voluntary" AND "COVID-19 OR covid-19 OR SARS-CoV-2 OR COVID-19 pandemic". Study quality was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) appraisal tool.
RESULTS
We found 12 articles showing motivational factors and barriers among health students volunteering to control COVID-19. Motivational factors include domain values, understanding, enhancement, career, incentive, government, social, and demographics. In contrast, barriers include fear, lack of training and knowledge, PPE shortage, unpreparedness and role uncertainty, and lack of interest, support, and protection.
CONCLUSION
Our findings highlight that eight motivational factors and seven barriers influence health students' involvement in COVID-19 volunteering. However, to optimize the potential of health students, further preparation is essential to ensure that students can volunteer effectively, such as integrating volunteer training programs into the curriculum in preparation for future pandemic mitigation.
PubMed: 37350985
DOI: 10.2147/JMDH.S411896 -
The Gerontologist Sep 2021During past years, gamification has become a major trend in technology, and promising results of its effectiveness have been reported. However, prior research has...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
During past years, gamification has become a major trend in technology, and promising results of its effectiveness have been reported. However, prior research has predominantly focused on examining the effects of gamification among young adults, while other demographic groups such as older adults have received less attention. In this review, we synthesize existing scholarly work on the impact of gamification for older adults.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
A systematic search was conducted using 4 academic databases from inception through January 2019. A rigorous selection process was followed using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines.
RESULTS
Twelve empirical peer-reviewed studies written in English, focusing on older adults aged ≥55, including a gameful intervention, and assessing subjective or objective outcomes were identified. Eleven of the 12 studies were conducted in the health domain. Randomized controlled study settings were reported in 8 studies. Positively oriented results were reported in 10 of 12 studies on visual attention rehabilitation, diabetes control, increasing positive emotions for patients with subthreshold depression, cognitive training and memory tests, engagement in training program, perceptions of self-efficacy, motivation and positive emotions of social gameplay conditions, increased physical activity and balancing ability, and increased learning performance and autonomy experiences. The results are, however, mostly weak indications of positive effects.
DISCUSSION AND IMPLICATIONS
Overall, the studies on gameful interventions for older adults suggest that senior users may benefit from gamification and game-based interventions, especially in the health domain. However, due to methodological shortcomings and limited amount of research available, further work in the area is called for.
Topics: Aged; Cognition; Humans; Motivation
PubMed: 32530026
DOI: 10.1093/geront/gnaa047