-
American Journal of Health Behavior Jan 2015To summarize the effectiveness of interventions targeting psychosocial factors to increase physical activity (PA) among ethnic minority adults and explore theory use in... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVES
To summarize the effectiveness of interventions targeting psychosocial factors to increase physical activity (PA) among ethnic minority adults and explore theory use in PA interventions.
METHODS
Studies (N = 11) were identified through a systematic review and targeted African American/Hispanic adults, specific psychosocial factors, and PA. Data were extracted using a standard code sheet and the Theory Coding Scheme.
RESULTS
Social support was the most common psychosocial factor reported, followed by motivational readiness, and self-efficacy, as being associated with increased PA. Only 7 studies explicitly reported using a theoretical framework.
CONCLUSIONS
Future efforts should explore theory use in PA interventions and how integration of theoretical constructs, including psychosocial factors, increases PA.
Topics: Black or African American; Hispanic or Latino; Humans; Motivation; Motor Activity; Psychological Theory; Self Efficacy; Social Support
PubMed: 25290599
DOI: 10.5993/AJHB.39.1.8 -
The Cochrane Database of Systematic... May 2011There are 76.3 million people with alcohol use disorders worldwide and 15.3 million with drug use disorders. Motivational interviewing (MI) is a client-centred,... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
There are 76.3 million people with alcohol use disorders worldwide and 15.3 million with drug use disorders. Motivational interviewing (MI) is a client-centred, semi-directive method for enhancing intrinsic motivation to change by exploring and resolving ambivalence. The intervention is used widely, and therefore it is important to find out whether it helps, harms or is ineffective.
OBJECTIVES
To assess the effectiveness of motivational interviewing for substance abuse on drug use, retention in treatment, readiness to change, and number of repeat convictions.
SEARCH STRATEGY
We searched 18 electronic databases, 5 web sites, 4 mailing lists, and reference lists from included studies and reviews. Search dates were November 30, 2010 for Cochrane Library, Medline, Embase and PsychINFO.
SELECTION CRITERIA
Randomized controlled trials with persons dependent or abusing substance. Interventions were MI or motivational enhancement therapy. The outcomes were extent of substance abuse, retention in treatment, motivation for change, repeat conviction.
DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
Three authors independently assessed studies for inclusion, and two authors extracted data. Results were categorized into (1) MI versus no-treatment control, (2) MI versus treatment as usual, (3) MI versus assessment and feedback, and (4) MI versus other active treatment. Within each category, we computed meta-analyses separately for post-intervention, short, medium and long follow-ups.
MAIN RESULTS
We included 59 studies with a total of 13,342 participants. Compared to no treatment control MI showed a significant effect on substance use which was strongest at post-intervention SMD 0.79, (95% CI 0.48 to 1.09) and weaker at short SMD 0.17 (95% CI 0.09 to 0.26], and medium follow-up SMD 0.15 (95% CI 0.04 to 0.25]). For long follow-up, the effect was not significant SMD 0.06 (95% CI-0.16 to 0.28). There were no significant differences between MI and treatment as usual for either follow-up post-intervention, short and medium follow up. MI did better than assessment and feedback for medium follow-up SMD 0.38 (95% CI 0.10 to 0.66). For short follow-up, there was no significant effect . For other active intervention there were no significant effects for either follow-up.There was not enough data to conclude about effects of MI on the secondary outcomes.
AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS
MI can reduce the extent of substance abuse compared to no intervention. The evidence is mostly of low quality, so further research is very likely to have an important impact on our confidence in the estimate of effect and is likely to change the estimate.
Topics: Alcohol-Related Disorders; Humans; Interview, Psychological; Motivation; Patient Acceptance of Health Care; Patient-Centered Care; Substance-Related Disorders; Terminology as Topic; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 21563163
DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD008063.pub2 -
Obesity Reviews : An Official Journal... Sep 2022To synthesize peer-reviewed literature that utilize co-creation principles in healthy food retail initiatives. (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
To synthesize peer-reviewed literature that utilize co-creation principles in healthy food retail initiatives.
METHODS
Systematic review of six databases from inception to September 2021. Screening and quality assessment were carried out by two authors independently. Studies were included if they were conducted in food retail stores, used a collaborative model, and aimed to improve the healthiness of the food retail environment. Studies excluded were implemented in restaurants, fast food chains, or similar or did not utilize some form of collaboration. Extracted data included the type of stakeholders engaged, level of engagement, stakeholder motivation, and barriers and enablers of the co-creation process.
FINDINGS
After screening 6951 articles by title and abstract, 131 by full text, 23 manuscripts that describe 20 separate studies from six countries were included. Six were implemented in low-income communities and eight among Indigenous people groups. A common aim was to increase access to, and availability of, healthy products. A diverse range of co-creation approaches, theoretical perspectives, and study designs were observed. The three most common stakeholders involved were researchers, corporate representatives or store owners, and governments.
CONCLUSIONS
Some evidence exists of the benefits of co-creation to improve the healthiness of food retail environments. The field may benefit from structured guidance on the theory and practice of co-creation.
Topics: Commerce; Environment; Fast Foods; Food Supply; Humans; Motivation; Restaurants
PubMed: 35670030
DOI: 10.1111/obr.13482 -
The International Journal on Drug Policy Jul 2023In the past decade, a body of evidence has reported that dietary supplement use is related to prohibited performance enhancing substance use (i.e., doping). To help... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
In the past decade, a body of evidence has reported that dietary supplement use is related to prohibited performance enhancing substance use (i.e., doping). To help international and national sport organisations understand the degree to which dietary supplement use is related to doping, the objectives of this systematic review and meta-analysis were to 1) compare the prevalence of doping between dietary supplement users and non-users and 2) identify whether supplement use is related to doping social cognitive factors. We searched for studies sampling athletes and that measured both dietary supplement use and doping in EMBASE, MEDLINE, PsychINFO, CINAHL and SPORTDiscus from database creation to May 2022. Risk of bias was assessed using JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist for cross-sectional studies and the STROBE checklist. Twenty-six cross-sectional studies, involving 13,296 athletes were included. Random-effect models revealed that doping was 2.74 (95% CI=2.10 to 3.57) times more prevalent in dietary supplement users (pooled prevalence = 14.7%) than non-users (6.7%), and that users reported stronger doping intentions (r=0.26, 0.18 to 0.34) and attitudes (r=0.21, 0.13 to 0.28) compared to non-users. Preliminary evidence also suggests that dietary supplement users were less likely to dope if they were more task oriented and had a stronger sense of morality. Results of the review are limited by the cross-sectional design used in all studies and lack of consistency in measurement of dietary supplement use and doping. Data indicate that athletes using dietary supplements are more likely to self-report doping Anti-doping policy should, therefore, target dietary supplement use in anti-doping education programmes by providing alternative strategies for performance enhancement or highlighting the safest ways they can be consumed. Similarly, as a large proportion of athletes use dietary supplements without doping, further research is needed to understand the factors that protect a dietary supplement user from doping. No funding was received for the review. A study protocol can be found here: https://osf.io/xvcaq.
Topics: Humans; Cross-Sectional Studies; Dietary Supplements; Sports; Athletes; Intention; Doping in Sports
PubMed: 37267738
DOI: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2023.104077 -
International Journal of Environmental... Sep 2022Research on youth positive mental health (PMH) lacks comprehensiveness. We reviewed literature to (i) identify and understand concepts related to youth PMH and (ii) to... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Research on youth positive mental health (PMH) lacks comprehensiveness. We reviewed literature to (i) identify and understand concepts related to youth PMH and (ii) to summarize their definitions under broad conceptual themes.
METHOD
We conducted a systematic review using PRISMA methodology. The protocol was registered in PROSPERO database (ID:CRD42020203712). Pubmed, Embase, PsycINFO, and OpenGrey databases were searched for publications that examined, assessed, explained, or defined PMH concepts in youth populations. Methods included searching, independent screening and review using pre-determined inclusion and exclusion criteria, extraction, coding, and iterative thematic syntheses of literature.
RESULTS
Of 3427 unique records identified, 105 articles from 26 countries met review criteria. Qualitative analysis resulted in 22 broad themes of youth PMH. These included interpersonal relationships (interpersonal competence, school connectedness, etc.), positive emotions (feel and create pleasant emotions, gratitude, etc.), self-efficacy (strengths, human agency, etc.), life satisfaction (global assessment of one's life), and personal growth (goal achievement, life aspirations, etc.). Five novel concepts related to youth PMH were identified.
CONCLUSIONS
Our review summarized and operationalized multiple concepts of youth PMH for applications in research, evaluation, and public health improvement.
Topics: Adolescent; Humans; Mental Health; Motivation; Public Health
PubMed: 36141781
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191811506 -
Diabetic Medicine : a Journal of the... Nov 2022Racial and ethnic disparities exist in gestational diabetes prevalence and risk of subsequent type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Postpartum engagement in healthy... (Review)
Review
Barriers to and enablers of postpartum health behaviours among women from diverse cultural backgrounds with prior gestational diabetes: A systematic review and qualitative synthesis applying the theoretical domains framework.
AIMS
Racial and ethnic disparities exist in gestational diabetes prevalence and risk of subsequent type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Postpartum engagement in healthy behaviours is recommended for prevention and early detection of T2DM, yet uptake is low among women from diverse cultural backgrounds. Greater understanding of factors impacting postpartum health behaviours is needed. Applying the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF) and Capability, Opportunity, Motivation-Behaviour (COM-B) model, our aim was to synthesise barriers to and enablers of postpartum health behaviours among women from diverse cultural backgrounds with prior GDM and identify relevant intervention components.
METHODS
Databases, reference lists and grey literature were searched from September 2017 to April 2021. Two reviewers screened articles independently against inclusion criteria and extracted data. Using an inductive-deductive model, themes were mapped to the TDF and COM-B model.
RESULTS
After screening 5148 citations and 139 full texts, we included 35 studies (N = 787 participants). The main ethnicities included Asian (43%), Indigenous (15%) and African (11%). Barriers and enablers focused on Capability (e.g. knowledge), Opportunity (e.g. competing demands, social support from family, friends and healthcare professionals, culturally appropriate education and resources) and Motivation (e.g. negative emotions, perceived consequences and necessity of health behaviours, social/cultural identity). Five relevant intervention functions are identified to link the barriers and enablers to evidence-based recommendations for communications to support behaviour change.
CONCLUSIONS
We provide a conceptual model to inform recommendations regarding the development of messaging and interventions to support women from diverse cultural backgrounds in engaging in healthy behaviours to reduce risk of T2DM.
Topics: Culture; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetes, Gestational; Female; Health Behavior; Humans; Motivation; Postpartum Period; Pregnancy; Qualitative Research
PubMed: 36004677
DOI: 10.1111/dme.14945 -
The Cochrane Database of Systematic... Nov 2021This review has been withdrawn because it has been superceded by the Cochrane Review of Competitions for smoking cessation. (Review)
Review
This review has been withdrawn because it has been superceded by the Cochrane Review of Competitions for smoking cessation.
Topics: Health Promotion; Humans; Motivation; Smoking Cessation
PubMed: 34847244
DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD004986.pub4 -
BMC Health Services Research Jul 2022Repurposing is a drug development strategy receiving heightened attention after the Food and Drug Administration granted emergency use authorization of several...
BACKGROUND
Repurposing is a drug development strategy receiving heightened attention after the Food and Drug Administration granted emergency use authorization of several repurposed drugs to treat Covid-19. There remain knowledge gaps on the root causes, facilitators and barriers for repurposing.
METHOD
This systematic review used controlled vocabulary and free text terms to search ABI/Informa, Academic Search Premier, Business Source Complete, Cochrane Library, EconLit, Google Scholar, Ovid Embase, Ovid Medline, Pubmed, Scopus, and Web of Science Core Collection databases for the characteristics, reasons and example of companies deprioritizing development of promising drugs and barriers, facilitators and examples of successful re-purposing.
RESULTS
We identified 11,814 articles, screened 5,976 for relevance, found 437 eligible for full text review, 115 of which were included in full analysis. Most articles (66%, 76/115) discussed why promising drugs are abandoned, with lack of efficacy or superiority to other therapies (n = 59), strategic business reasons (n = 35), safety problems (n = 28), research design decisions (n = 12), the complex nature of a studied disease or drug (n = 7) and regulatory bodies requiring more information (n = 2) among top reasons. Key barriers to repurposing include inadequate resources (n = 42), trial data access and transparency around abandoned compounds (n = 20) and expertise (n = 11). Additional barriers include uncertainty about the value of repurposing (n = 13), liability risks (n = 5) and intellectual property (IP) challenges (n = 26). Facilitators include the ability to form multi-partner collaborations (n = 38), access to compound databases and database screening tools (n = 32), regulatory modifications (n = 5) and tax incentives (n = 2).
CONCLUSION
Promising drugs are commonly shelved due to insufficient efficacy or superiority to alternate therapies, poor market prospects, and industry consolidation. Inadequate resources and data access and challenges negotiating IP are key barriers to repurposing reaching its full potential as a core approach in drug development. Multi-partner collaborations and the availability and use of compound databases and tax incentives are key facilitators for repurposing. More research is needed on the current value of repurposing in drug development and how to better facilitate resources to support it, where valuable, especially financial, staffing for out-licensing shelved products, and legal expertise to negotiate IP agreements in multi-partner collaborations.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
The protocol was registered on Open Science Framework ( https://osf.io/f634k/ ) as it was not eligible for registration on PROSPERO as the review did not focus on a health-related outcome.
Topics: Commerce; Drug Repositioning; Humans; Motivation; Pharmaceutical Preparations; United States; COVID-19 Drug Treatment
PubMed: 35906687
DOI: 10.1186/s12913-022-08272-z -
Journal of Occupational Health Jan 2022There is scattered evidence of the impact of workplace interventions in improving employees' physical activity. This systematic review was performed to evaluate the... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
There is scattered evidence of the impact of workplace interventions in improving employees' physical activity. This systematic review was performed to evaluate the strategies of workplace interventions and their effectiveness, as reported in primary studies.
METHOD
Primary experimental trials, both randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and non-RCTs, which examined interventions to increase healthy adult employees' physical activity were included in this review. Studies in English or Persian published between 2009 and 2019 with access to full text of resources were considered. Google Scholar, PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and Cochrane Library, ProQuest (Thesis) and World Health Organization Clinical Trial Registration Databases and Persian databases such as SID, Magiran, IranMedex, Irandoc were searched. All the stages of review were conducted based on PRISMA. RoB and ROBINS-I were used to assess the risk of bias of the primary studies.
RESULTS
Thirty-nine studies, with a total of 18 494 participants, met the inclusion criteria. Of these, 22 were RCTs, 17 were non-RCTs. Effective interventions were reported in 15 RCTs and 14 non-RCTs. Four main strategies of interventions were identified, consisting of motivation and support; monitoring and feedback; information and education; and activity. Thirteen different behavior change techniques (BCT) were identified with self-determination theory (SDT) being the most frequent behavior change theory used.
CONCLUSION
It seems that a multi-strategy intervention that one of the strategies of which is physical activity in the workplace (Activity), the use of behavioral change theories, especially SDT, may be indicative of a more effective intervention. It is recommended that BCTs be considered when designing physical activity interventions.
Topics: Adult; Behavior Therapy; Databases, Factual; Exercise; Humans; Motivation; Workplace
PubMed: 36085590
DOI: 10.1002/1348-9585.12358 -
Rural and Remote Health 2014There is a globally observed unequal distribution of dental and other health practitioners between urban and rural areas in OECD countries. Dental practitioners provide... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
There is a globally observed unequal distribution of dental and other health practitioners between urban and rural areas in OECD countries. Dental practitioners provide important primary healthcare services to rural populations. Workforce shortages and stability issues in underserved areas can have negative effects on rural communities. Strategies used to fix the dental practitioner workforce maldistribution need to be investigated.
METHOD
The study had primary focus on Australia and included relevant international literature. Databases used were PubMed, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Informit, Web of Science, Scopus and Summon. Search terms included dental practitioner, rural, remote, retention, recruitment and strategies.
RESULTS
Sixteen articles met the inclusion criteria. The articles described a total of eight different positive factors and 12 negative factors towards rural practice. The positive factors related to the nature of the type of clinical work being a 'challenge', close social and professional support networks, enjoyment of rural lifestyle and successful integration into the rural community. The negative factors mentioned included social and professional isolation, workload and type of clinical work, access to further education opportunities, access to facilities, education for children and job opportunities for a partner, and inability to integrate into the rural community. The articles that analysed recruitment incentives described three strategies currently used to influence recruitment, all of which were financial or contractual in nature. Articles mentioning retention factors described seven long-term retention motivators; of these, six of them were personal reasons. The most commonly mentioned motivational factor for recruitment and retention of the rural dental practitioner workforce was the effect of prior rural exposure for dental practitioners.
CONCLUSIONS
The results of this review indicate that the most important influences on rural dental practitioner workforce recruitment and retention were a combination of financial reimbursement and personal reasons. There was also a large influence of rural medical workforce research on untested assumptions and drivers of the rural dental practitioner workforce. The high recruitment rate compared with the low retention rate indicates that current strategies were not effective in addressing rural dental practitioner workforce shortages in the long term.
Topics: Career Choice; Dentists; Humans; Motivation; Personnel Selection; Professional Practice Location; Rural Health Services; Workforce; Workload
PubMed: 25074243
DOI: No ID Found