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Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive... 2019Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common disease among the elderly, which has been linked to cognitive decline. However, the relationship between COPD... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common disease among the elderly, which has been linked to cognitive decline. However, the relationship between COPD and dementia remains unclear.
SUMMARY
We conducted a systematic literature review by searching databases such as Pubmed, Embase, EBSCO, and Cochrane Library (from inception to April 18, 2018) for studies on COPD that also investigated the prevalence of dementia. We found 3 cohort studies including a total of 39,392 COPD patients. Then we applied the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale to evaluate the risk of bias.
KEY MESSAGES
COPD patients faced a higher risk of dementia (HR 1.46; 95% CI 1.22-1.75; < 0.001). Subgroup analysis on gender determined that the association between COPD and dementia was stronger in male patients (HR 1.49, 95% CI 1.20-1.86, < 0.001) than in female patients (HR 1.41, 95% CI 1.27-1.57, < 0.001). A subset study of patients aged >65 years revealed that the HR was greater for patients aged ≥75 years (HR 1.46, 95% CI 1.07-2.00, = 0.02) than for those aged 65-74 years (HR 1.40, 95% CI 1.28-1.53, < 0.001). The cohort studies included were from similar population-based databases, suggesting possible regional limitations and publication bias.
PubMed: 31543892
DOI: 10.1159/000496475 -
Cardiovascular complications and outcomes among athletes with COVID-19 disease: a systematic review.BMC Sports Science, Medicine &... Apr 2022Current evidence still emerging regarding the risk of cardiovascular (CV) sequel associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection, and considerable...
BACKGROUND
Current evidence still emerging regarding the risk of cardiovascular (CV) sequel associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection, and considerable replicated studies are needed to ensure safe return-to-play. Therefore, we aimed in this systematic review to measure the prevalence of CV complications suffered by COVID-19 athletic patients, explore the outcomes, optimal approaches to diagnoses, and safe return-to-play considerations.
METHODS
A systematic search on post COVID-19 infection quantitative studies among athletes was conducted following MeSH terms in Medline, Cochrane Library, Ovid, Embase and Scopus (through 15 January 2022). We included peer-reviewed studies reported athletes' CV complications and the outcomes post COVID-19 infection. Editorials, letters, commentaries, and clinical guidelines, as well as duplicate studies were excluded. Studies involving non-athletic patients were also excluded. Quality assessment was performed using Newcastle-Ottawa Scale.
RESULTS
We included 15 eligible articles with a total of 6229 athletes, of whom 1023 were elite or professional athletes. The prevalence of myocarditis ranged between 0.4% and 15.4%, pericarditis 0.06% and 2.2%, and pericardial effusion between 0.27% and 58%. Five studies reported elevated troponin levels (0.9-6.9%).
CONCLUSIONS
This study provides a low prevalence of CV complications secondary to COVID-19 infection in short-term follow-up. Early recognition and continuous assessment of cardiac abnormality in competitive athletes are imperative to prevent cardiac complications. Establishing a stepwise evaluation approach is critical with an emphasis on imaging techniques for proper diagnosis and risk assessment for a safe return to play.
PubMed: 35443680
DOI: 10.1186/s13102-022-00464-8 -
Frontiers in Neurology 2022Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and Parkinson's disease (PD) are two common chronic diseases worldwide, and any potential link between the two would significantly impact...
BACKGROUND
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and Parkinson's disease (PD) are two common chronic diseases worldwide, and any potential link between the two would significantly impact public health practice. Considering the current inconsistent evidence, we conducted a meta-analysis and systematic review to examine the risk of PD in patients with RA.
METHODS
Two investigators (DL and XH) conducted a comprehensive search of PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science using medical subject headings terms combined with free words to identify relevant papers published from inception through December 31, 2021. All studies that explored the relationship between RA and PD were included for quantitative analysis and qualitative review. Random- and fixed-effects models were used to pool the risk ratios (RRs) of PD in patients with RA. The Newcastle-Ottawa scale was used to assess the quality of included studies. This study followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA 2020) guideline.
RESULTS
Four population-based studies involving 353,246 patients and one Mendelian randomized study were included in our study. The pooled result showed a significantly reduced risk of PD in patients with RA than in the general population (RR = 0.74, 95% CI: 0.56-0.98, = 0.034). No apparent effects of gender, age, region, follow-up time, or study design on PD risk were observed. Sensitivity analysis showed that pooled results were relatively stable, and no publication bias was detected. The Mendelian randomization study indicated a significant inverse association between RA and PD (genetic correlation: -0.10, = 0.0033) and that each one standard deviation increase in the risk of RA was significantly associated with a lower risk of PD. Of note, the current study is limited by the relatively small number of included studies and unmeasured confounding factors, especially for RA-related anti-inflammatory agents.
CONCLUSIONS
This study supports that people with RA had a lower PD risk than those without RA. Further studies are needed to explore the underlying molecular mechanisms of the interaction between the two diseases.
PubMed: 35645965
DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.885179 -
Cureus May 2023This review aims to compile the available literature on monkeypox, identify risk factors for developing the disease, and recommend effective preventative methods to... (Review)
Review
This review aims to compile the available literature on monkeypox, identify risk factors for developing the disease, and recommend effective preventative methods to reduce the number of reported cases and fatalities in children and pregnant women. In seeking out pertinent studies on monkeypox virus in children and pregnant women, we searched the literature using the databases Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Scopus up to 1st February 2023. This study analyzed data from case studies of monkeypox in children and pregnant women. Clinical data and test findings of monkeypox patients less than 18 years old and pregnant women were analyzed. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used to do the quality evaluation. Our record examination spanned the years 1985 to 2023 and found 17 children and five pregnant female patients treated with monkeypox in various hospitals/community centers. Zaire, Gabon, Chicago, Sierra Leone, Central African Republic, Northern DR Congo, Liberia, Cameroon, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, and Florida all contributed to the 14 studies analyzed. There were no studies identified for meta-analysis of selected case studies of hospitalized children and pregnant women who were diagnosed with monkeypox. The incidence, prevalence, clinical characteristics, diagnosis, management, prevention, vaccinations, infant care, and care for expectant mothers are all discussed in this systematic review of monkeypox in children. Our research findings may provide a foundation for further focused research and the development of related recommendations or guidelines.
PubMed: 37288174
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.38521 -
Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology 2022Stroke is the second largest cause of mortality (WHO 2014) and long-lasting disability worldwide. Many risk factors are associated with stroke, such as age, gender,...
BACKGROUND
Stroke is the second largest cause of mortality (WHO 2014) and long-lasting disability worldwide. Many risk factors are associated with stroke, such as age, gender, chronic illnesses, cardiovascular disease, lifestyle, and smoking. With global industrialization, the roles of environmental contaminants and their association with stroke are still unclear and have attracted much more attention.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
We conducted a systematic review on the environmental toxic metal contaminants and the risk of ischemic stroke. A comprehensive literature search was carried out till June 30, 2021 from databases such as PubMed, Science Direct, Embase, and Scopus. The quality of all the articles which met our inclusion criteria was assessed using Newcastle-Ottawa scaling, and four eligible studies were included for our systematic review.
RESULTS
The serum and urine cadmium concentrations were positively associated with the risk of ischemic stroke. There was an inverse association of serum and urine concentrations of mercury (Hg), serum concentration of gold and cerium with ischemic stroke, and the serum and urine concentrations of lead (Pb) had no association with ischemic stroke risk.
CONCLUSION
The study showed strong associations between heavy metals and ischemic stroke, but more studies are required to prove the associations.
PubMed: 36911452
DOI: 10.4103/aian.aian_530_22 -
Nutrients May 2018The effects of buckwheat intake on cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) have not been systematically investigated. The aim of the present study was to comprehensively... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
The effects of buckwheat intake on cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) have not been systematically investigated. The aim of the present study was to comprehensively summarize studies in humans and animals, evaluating the impact of buckwheat consumption on CVD risk markers and to conduct a meta-analysis of relevant data. Thirteen randomized, controlled human studies, two cross-sectional human studies and twenty-one animal studies were identified. Using random-effects models, the weighted mean difference of post-intervention concentrations of blood glucose, total cholesterol and triglycerides were significantly decreased following buckwheat intervention compared with controls [differences in blood glucose: -0.85 mmol/L (95% CI: -1.31, -0.39), total cholesterol: 0.50 mmol/L (95% CI: -0.80, -0.20) and triglycerides: 0.25 mmol/L (95% CI: -0.49, -0.02)]. Responses of a similar magnitude were seen in two cross-sectional studies. For animal studies, nineteen of twenty-one studies showed a significant reduction in total cholesterol of between 12% and 54%, and fourteen of twenty studies showed a significant reduction in triglycerides of between 2% and 74%. All exhibited high unexplained heterogeneity. There was inconsistency in HDL cholesterol outcomes in both human and animal studies. It remains unclear whether increased buckwheat intake significantly benefits other markers of CVD risk, such as weight, blood pressure, insulin, and LDL-cholesterol, and underlying mechanisms responsible for any effects are unclear.
Topics: Animals; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Body Mass Index; Body Weight; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cholesterol, HDL; Cholesterol, LDL; Diet; Disease Models, Animal; Fagopyrum; Humans; Insulin; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Risk Factors; Sensitivity and Specificity; Triglycerides
PubMed: 29762481
DOI: 10.3390/nu10050619 -
Reumatismo Mar 2018The aim of this study was to systematically consider the evidence for polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) as a paraneoplastic disease. A systematic review of Medline and Embase... (Review)
Review
The aim of this study was to systematically consider the evidence for polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) as a paraneoplastic disease. A systematic review of Medline and Embase was conducted from their inception to February 2017. Risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa tool. Data were extracted regarding the PMR-cancer association, the types of cancer associated with PMR and the presentation of PMR patients subsequently diagnosed with cancer. Twenty-three full text articles were reviewed from the 1174 unique references identified in the search. Nine articles were included in the final review. There was some evidence of an association between PMR and cancer in the short-term (first 6 to 12 months after diagnosis), but no evidence of an association after this time. Limited evidence suggests that lymphoma, prostate and haematological cancers may be those cancers more commonly diagnosed in those with PMR. There was little evidence to suggest what presenting features may be associated with the development of cancer. There is little evidence of PMR as a true paraneoplastic disease. However, there is reason to be cautious when making the diagnosis of PMR. Clinicians should be aware of this potential association both prior to making a diagnosis and throughout the course of the condition.
Topics: Aged; Diagnosis, Differential; Evidence-Based Medicine; Humans; Paraneoplastic Syndromes; Polymyalgia Rheumatica; Practice Guidelines as Topic; Quality of Life; Risk Assessment; Risk Factors; Severity of Illness Index
PubMed: 29589400
DOI: 10.4081/reumatismo.2018.1031 -
Arab Journal of Urology 2023We conducted this review to offer a comprehensive search and up-to-date overview of the currently available information about the probability risk of colorectal cancer... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
We conducted this review to offer a comprehensive search and up-to-date overview of the currently available information about the probability risk of colorectal cancer among chronic kidney disease patients.
METHOD
We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews (PRISMA) and meta-analysis guidelines. We identified, reviewed, and extracted from Scopus, PubMed, EMBASE, and Komaki Databases for research publications on chronic kidney disease and colorectal cancer published between February 2016 and January 2023. We meta-analyzed the prevalence of colorectal cancer with chronic kidney disease. We ran a random effect meta-regression. Risk-of-bias assessment was evaluated using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. The systematic review was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42023400983).
RESULTS
The risk of CRC in chronic kidney diseases was reported in 50 research studies, which included 4,337,966 people from 16 different countries. SIR of CRC was obtained from 14 studies and showed a significant relationship between CRC with CKD patients, with a pooled SIR of 1.33; 95% CI (1.30-1.36), with higher heterogeneity (Q = 121.82, < 0.001, and I = 86.9%). Metaregression showed that there was no significant correlation between the risk of CRC and the proportion of males or age.
CONCLUSION
Overall, this study shows that patients with chronic kidney disease have a significantly increased risk of colorectal cancer. More studies with larger sample sizes, and robust surveillance are needed.
PubMed: 38178950
DOI: 10.1080/2090598X.2023.2225315 -
Brain and Behavior Sep 2022Studies of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) have observed that neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) tend to co-occur as neuropsychiatric syndromes and have generally... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Studies of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) have observed that neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) tend to co-occur as neuropsychiatric syndromes and have generally shown mixed results regarding the number and composition of syndromes. We systematically reviewed how neuropsychiatric syndromes in AD have been defined and compared the different published definitions in a pooled sample of AD patients using meta-analytic structural equation modeling (MASEM).
METHODS
Studies examining the factor structure of the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) and published from 1994 to 2021 were included. We contacted the corresponding authors of eligible studies for correlation coefficients between NPI items. We pooled correlations under a random effects MASEM model and fitted and compared measurement models from published studies to identify a best-fitting model.
RESULTS
Twenty-five studies were included in the systematic review, and correlations were obtained from seven studies for MASEM. For the NPI-10 (seven studies, n = 5185), a five-factor structure was found to have a good fit to the data. For the NPI-12 (four studies, n = 2397), we were unable to identify a factor structure that displayed a good model fit.
CONCLUSION
This systematic review and meta-analysis contribute to the development of a theoretical model of neuropsychiatric syndromes in AD and reveals the barriers that accompany MASEM methodology.
Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Humans; Neuropsychological Tests; Syndrome
PubMed: 35939055
DOI: 10.1002/brb3.2734 -
Neurologia Mar 2021Risk factors for dementia include genetic factors, aging, environmental factors, certain diseases, and unhealthy lifestyle; most types of dementia share a common chronic... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Risk factors for dementia include genetic factors, aging, environmental factors, certain diseases, and unhealthy lifestyle; most types of dementia share a common chronic systemic inflammatory phenotype. Psoriasis is also considered to be a chronic systemic inflammatory disease. It has been suggested that psoriasis may also contribute to the risk of dementia. The aim of this study was to systematically review the literature on the association between psoriasis and dementia.
DEVELOPMENT
Articles were selected according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. We searched the PubMed and Web of Science databases to identify articles published in peer-reviewed journals and studying the association between psoriasis and dementia. Studies meeting the inclusion criteria were reviewed. We used the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale to assess the quality of each study. After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, we included 8 studies for review, 3 of which were found to present a higher risk of bias. Six of the 8 studies supported the hypothesis that prior diagnosis of psoriasis increases the risk of dementia; one study including only a few cases reported that psoriasis decreased the risk of dementia, and one study including relatively young patients found no significant association between psoriasis and the risk of dementia.
CONCLUSION
Most studies included in this review supported the hypothesis that psoriasis constitutes a risk factor for dementia. However, well-designed stratified cohort studies assessing both psoriasis severity and treatment status are still required to determine the real effect of psoriasis on the risk of dementia and its subtypes.
PubMed: 33771384
DOI: 10.1016/j.nrl.2020.12.007