-
Frontiers in Oncology 2023In recent years, new therapeutic options to overcome the mechanisms of tumor immune suppression be effective in the treatment of cutaneous melanoma. These approaches...
BACKGROUND
In recent years, new therapeutic options to overcome the mechanisms of tumor immune suppression be effective in the treatment of cutaneous melanoma. These approaches have also been applied in ocular melanoma. The aim of this study is to present the current status and research hotspots of immunotherapy for ocular melanoma from a bibliometric perspective and to explore the field of immunotherapy for malignant ocular melanoma research.
METHODS
In this study, the Web of Science Core Collection database (WoSCC) and Pubmed were selected to search the literature related to immunotherapy of ocular melanoma. Using VOSviewer, CiteSpace, the R package "bibliometrix," and the bibliometric online platform through the construction and visualization of bibliometric networks, the country/region, institution, journal, author, and keywords were analyzed to predict the most recent trends in research pertaining to ocular melanoma and immunotherapy.
RESULTS
A total of 401 papers and 144 reviews related to immunotherapy of ocular melanoma were included. The United States is the main driver of research in the field, ranking first in terms of the number of publications, total citations, and H-index. The UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS SYSTEM is the most active institution, contributing the most papers. Jager, Martine is the most prolific author, and Carvajal, Richard is the most frequently cited author. CANCERS is the most published journal in the field and J CLIN ONCOL is the most cited journal. In addition to ocular melanoma and immunotherapy, the most popular keywords were "uveal melanoma" and "targeted therapy". According to keyword co-occurrence and burst analysis, uveal melanoma, immunotherapy, melanoma, metastases, bap1, tebentafusp, bioinformatics, conjunctival melanoma, immune checkpoint inhibitors, ipilimumab, pembrolizumab, and other research topics appear to be at the forefront of this field's research and have the potential to remain a hot research topic in the future.
CONCLUSION
This is the first bibliometric study in the last 30 years to comprehensively map the knowledge structure and trends in the field of research related to ocular melanoma and immunotherapy. The results comprehensively summarize and identify research frontiers for scholars studying immunotherapy associated with ocular melanoma.
PubMed: 37324010
DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1161759 -
Frontiers in Oncology 2021This meta-analysis aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of immune checkpoint blockade for the treatment of ocular melanoma.
AIM
This meta-analysis aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of immune checkpoint blockade for the treatment of ocular melanoma.
METHODS
We searched the PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases up to July 2021. Effect sizes (ESs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to compare the outcomes. Efficacy outcomes included complete response (CR), partial response (PR), stable disease (SD), progressive disease (PD), objective response rate (ORR), overall survival (OS), progression free survival (PFS). Safety outcomes included adverse events (AEs) and serious adverse event (SAEs).
RESULTS
A total of 16 eligible articles with 848 ocular melanoma patients were included. ICB treatment significantly improved CR (ES=0.02, 95%CI: 0.00-0.03, P=0.023), PR (ES=0.07, 95%CI: 0.05-0.09, P=0.000), SD (ES=0.31, 95%CI: 0.17-0.46, P=0.000), PD (ES=0.69, 95%CI: 0.61-0.77, P=0.000), ORR (ES=0.10, 95%CI: 0.04-0.15, P=0.000), OS (ES=9.68, 95%CI: 7.28-12.07, P=0.000) and PFS (ES=2.88, 95%CI: 2.69-3.07, P=0.000) in patients with ocular melanoma. Moreover, ICB therapies were associated with reduced AEs (ES=0.48, 95%CI: 0.30-0.67, P=0.000) and SAEs (ES=0.31, 95%CI: 0.18-0.45, P=0.000).
CONCLUSIONS
ICB therapy showed good efficacy and safety in treating patients with ocular melanoma.
PubMed: 34938661
DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.781162 -
Advances in Therapy Jan 2017The Hepatic CHEMOSAT Delivery System is an innovative medical device for the treatment of patients with unresectable primary liver tumors or unresectable hepatic... (Review)
Review
UNLABELLED
The Hepatic CHEMOSAT Delivery System is an innovative medical device for the treatment of patients with unresectable primary liver tumors or unresectable hepatic metastases from solid organ malignancies. This system is used to perform chemosaturation percutaneous hepatic perfusion (CS-PHP), a procedure in which a high dose of the chemotherapeutic agent melphalan is delivered directly to the liver while limiting systemic exposure. In a clinical trial program, CS-PHP with melphalan significantly improved hepatic progression-free survival in patients with unresectable hepatic metastases from ocular or cutaneous melanoma. Clinically meaningful hepatic responses were also observed in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma or neuroendocrine tumors. Furthermore, the results of published studies and case reports demonstrated that CS-PHP with melphalan resulted in favorable tumor response rates in a range of tumor histologies (ocular or cutaneous melanoma, colorectal cancer, and hepatobiliary tumors). Analyses of the safety profile of CS-PHP revealed that the most common adverse effects were hematologic events (thrombocytopenia, anemia, and neutropenia), which were clinically manageable. Taken together, these findings indicate that CS-PHP is a promising locoregional therapy for patients with primary and secondary liver tumors and has a acceptable safety profile.
FUNDING
Delcath Systems Inc., New York, NY, USA.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Antineoplastic Agents; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Chemotherapy, Cancer, Regional Perfusion; Colorectal Neoplasms; Female; Humans; Liver Neoplasms; Male; Melanoma; Melphalan; Middle Aged; Skin Neoplasms; Melanoma, Cutaneous Malignant
PubMed: 27798773
DOI: 10.1007/s12325-016-0424-4 -
Eye (London, England) Jul 2022Paraneoplastic syndromes affecting the visual system are a group of conditions that arise in the systemic malignancy framework. In this review, we have provided a... (Review)
Review
Paraneoplastic syndromes affecting the visual system are a group of conditions that arise in the systemic malignancy framework. In this review, we have provided a detailed and comprehensive overview of the published literature on the various ophthalmic paraneoplastic manifestations. A systematic review of many databases has been performed to identify ample literature on the paraneoplastic syndromes related to ophthalmology. We have discussed here the clinical features, pathogenesis, and treatment strategies of various ophthalmic paraneoplastic syndromes. It can be challenging to distinguish these disorders from their non-paraneoplastic counterparts and to determine the appropriate systemic assessment for the tumour responsible, to have a proper approach towards the management of the syndrome. METHOD: We searched PubMed, Science Direct and Journal of Ophthalmology for studies published in English between 1995 and April 2020, incorporating the general search term "paraneoplastic ocular syndrome" with connecting terms relevant to subheadings-e.g. Key search terms were cancer-associated retinopathy, (CAR), melanoma-associated retinopathy, (MAR), paraneoplastic retinopathy, autoimmune retinopathy, autoimmune-related retinopathy, and optic neuropathy, (ARRON), acute zonal occult outer retinopathy, (AZOOR), paraneoplastic vitelliform maculopathy, paraneoplastic vitelliform retinopathy, bilateral diffuse uveal melanocytic proliferation, (BDUMP), paraneoplastic optic neuropathy, (PON), polyneuropathy, organomegaly, endocrinopathy, monoclona gammopathy, and skin changes syndrome (POEMS) and various other terms. References from identified studies have been reviewed and included if deemed appropriate, valid, and scientifically important. If referenced in a selected English paper, we contemplated papers in other languages too. We preferentially selected papers that have been published in the last 10 years, but we have included relevant older references.
Topics: Autoantibodies; Autoimmune Diseases; Humans; Optic Nerve Diseases; Paraneoplastic Syndromes, Ocular; Retinal Diseases; Retinal Neoplasms
PubMed: 34345027
DOI: 10.1038/s41433-021-01676-x -
BMJ Open Ophthalmology 2022To demonstrate the spectrum of autoimmune retinopathy (AIR) associated with immunotherapy for advanced cutaneous melanoma.
Autoimmune retinopathy with associated anti-retinal antibodies as a potential immune-related adverse event associated with immunotherapy in patients with advanced cutaneous melanoma: case series and systematic review.
OBJECTIVE
To demonstrate the spectrum of autoimmune retinopathy (AIR) associated with immunotherapy for advanced cutaneous melanoma.
METHODS AND ANALYSIS
Retrospective chart review on patients with advanced cutaneous melanoma who developed AIR after initiating immunotherapy. Complete ophthalmic examination and relevant ancillary testing were performed on each patient. The presence of AIR-associated anti-retinal antibodies was confirmed by western blot and/or immunohistochemical staining. Ophthalmic and systemic outcomes after treatment for AIR were followed over time. A systematic review of AIR associated with immunotherapy for cutaneous or non-ocular mucosal melanoma was carried out in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines.
RESULTS
Case 1 developed photopsia and nyctalopia with electroretinographic findings characteristic for melanoma-associated retinopathy 1 week after initiating ipilimumab/nivolumab immunotherapy. Case 2 experienced new severe bilateral visual field loss associated with anti-retinal and anti-optic nerve antibodies while on maintenance nivolumab immunotherapy. Case 3 developed decreased visual acuity due to acute exudative polymorphous vitelliform maculopathy within 2 weeks of initiating ipilimumab/nivolumab immunotherapy. All patients had concurrent extraocular immune-related adverse events in addition to the presence of anti-retinal antibodies on serological testing. 14 published cases of AIR associated with immunotherapy for cutaneous or non-ocular mucosal melanoma were identified and reviewed.
CONCLUSIONS
Immune checkpoint inhibition can trigger the development of AIR with varied clinical manifestations in patients with advanced cutaneous melanoma. This study highlights the need for close monitoring in cutaneous melanoma patients receiving immunotherapy who develop new visual symptoms with or without funduscopic changes, as well as the potential role for screening of patients prior to initiating immunotherapy.
Topics: Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; Autoimmune Diseases; Humans; Immunologic Factors; Immunotherapy; Ipilimumab; Melanoma; Nivolumab; Retinal Diseases; Retrospective Studies; Skin Neoplasms; Melanoma, Cutaneous Malignant
PubMed: 35047671
DOI: 10.1136/bmjophth-2021-000889 -
Cancers Apr 2024In this systematic review and meta-analysis (PRISMA-compliant), we tried to investigate diagnostic and prognostic values of F-FDG PET in uveal melanoma. A systematic... (Review)
Review
In this systematic review and meta-analysis (PRISMA-compliant), we tried to investigate diagnostic and prognostic values of F-FDG PET in uveal melanoma. A systematic search was conducted on the main medical literature databases to include studies that evaluated F-FDG PET as the imaging modality to evaluate patients with uveal melanoma. Overall, 27 studies were included. Twelve had data about the detection rate of F-FDG PET in primary intra-ocular tumours. The pooled sensitivity was 45% (95%CI: 41-50%). Furthermore, studies showed that the larger the primary tumour, the higher its uptake. Among the included studies, 13 assessed F-FDG PET in detecting metastasis. The pooled sensitivity and specificity were 96% (95%CI: 81-99%) and 100% (95%CI: 94-100%), respectively. Regarding liver metastasis, they were 95% (95%CI: 79-99%) and 100% (95%CI: 91-100%), respectively. Noteworthy, the level of F-FDG uptake was a strong predictor of patient survival. Lastly, F-FDG PET could characterise lesions from the histopathology perspective, distinguishing high-risk from low-risk diseases. Overall, although not reliable in detecting primary intra-ocular tumours, F-FDG PET is highly accurate for diagnosing metastatic uveal melanomas. It can also be a highly valuable modality in terms of patient prognostication. Thus, F-FDG PET can be recommended in patients diagnosed with uveal melanoma to enhance decision-making and patient management.
PubMed: 38730664
DOI: 10.3390/cancers16091712 -
Clinical Endoscopy Jul 2022Metastases of malignant melanoma (MM) are rare and associated with poor prognosis. The objective of this study was to analyze the clinical and endoscopic characteristics...
BACKGROUND/AIMS
Metastases of malignant melanoma (MM) are rare and associated with poor prognosis. The objective of this study was to analyze the clinical and endoscopic characteristics of gastric metastases of MM by systematically reviewing cases and case series involving patients diagnosed using upper gastrointestinal endoscopy.
METHODS
The PubMed and LILACS databases were searched. Reports containing individual patient data were included. Outcomes such as clinical data, endoscopic findings, treatments, and survival were analyzed.
RESULTS
A total of 88 studies with individual data from 113 patients with gastric metastases of MM were included. The primary sites of MM were the skin (62%), eyes (10%), and mucous membranes (6%). Most patients (56%) had multiple metastases in the stomach, located predominantly in the gastric body (approximately 80%). The overall survival rate at 2 years was 4%. There was a significant reduction in the survival of patients with multiple gastric metastases compared to that of patients with single metastasis (hazard ratio, 0.459; 95% confidence interval, 0.235-0.895; p=0.022).
CONCLUSION
Gastric metastases of MM have a poor prognosis, especially in patients with multiple implants in the stomach. Additional studies are needed to verify whether ocular and mucosal melanomas are associated with a higher risk of gastric metastases than that of cutaneous melanomas.
PubMed: 35762131
DOI: 10.5946/ce.2022.035 -
La Clinica Terapeutica 2020Uveal melanoma is the most common intraocular tumor in the adult population. It can affect any part of the uveal tract: the iris, ciliary body, and choroid.... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
INTRODUCTION
Uveal melanoma is the most common intraocular tumor in the adult population. It can affect any part of the uveal tract: the iris, ciliary body, and choroid. Historically, enucleation has been the mainstay of treatment for primary melanoma. In the last decade, however, radiotherapy has acquired an increasingly important role and has now become our first-line modality. However, it is still widely debated what is the most effective radiotherapy technique for this tumor. Purpose to perform a literature review on the utility of radiotherapy for primary ocular melanoma and determine the most effective radiotherapy technique
MATERIALS AND METHODS
We included all systematic and narrative reviews on the topic, published between September 2007 and November 2017 on PubMed and SCOPUS. Two independent reviewers assessed the eligibility criteria for each article using the PRISMA checklist. The methodological quality of narrative and systematic reviews was evaluated with the INSA and AMSTAR checklists, respectively
RESULTS
Our study analyzed a total of 23 studies, including 18 narrative reviews and 5 systematic reviews. Radiotherapy with Brachytherapy, Proton Therapy, SRS/SRT with gamma knife and cyber knife, are the most common choices for the treatment of primary ocular melanoma. These techniques allow for excellent lesion spread control, eye, and vision conservation, and improve overall patients’ quality of life. Among the narrative reviews, the highest INSA score was 5/7, the lowest 2/7, the mean was 3.83/7 and median was 4/7. Among the systematic reviews, the highest AMSTAR score was 9/12, the lowest 4/12, the mean 5.6/7 and median 4/7
CONCLUSION
The number of studies available on this topic is scarce. Among those published, the methodological quality is modest, as assessed with the INSA and AMSTAR checklists. As a result, we are not able to determine what the most effective radiotherapy technique is
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Eye Neoplasms; Female; Humans; Male; Melanoma; Middle Aged; Procedures and Techniques Utilization; Radiotherapy; Uveal Diseases
PubMed: 31916427
DOI: 10.7417/CT.2020.2195 -
Eye (London, England) Apr 2023Uveal melanoma (UM) survivors can experience significant emotional distress, although the factors underpinning this are poorly understood. Systematic reviews of distress... (Review)
Review
Uveal melanoma (UM) survivors can experience significant emotional distress, although the factors underpinning this are poorly understood. Systematic reviews of distress in UM only include cross-sectional studies, thereby limiting our understanding of causal factors. This review identified prospective clinical, demographic, social and psychological predictors of distress in UM survivors. A systematic search of the literature for English language prospective studies was conducted. Thirteen papers, reporting data from seven unique datasets were included in a narrative synthesis of the results. Younger age (3 studies from 3 datasets), physical health (including visual impairment, ocular symptoms, and other UM-related factors; 3 studies from 3 datasets), and psychological factors (mainly baseline distress; 3 studies from 3 datasets and worry about recurrence; 2 studies from 2 datasets), significantly predicted distress. There was no consistent evidence for other demographic, clinical or social variables (significant in <50% of datasets). Generally, the quality of the papers was adequate. However, attrition rates were high or not reported in over half of the included studies. The findings of this review emphasise the importance of attempts to prevent and recognise distress immediately post-diagnosis of UM. Particular focus should be given to younger patients, those with physical and psychological health difficulties at the time of diagnosis, and those who develop adverse treatment symptoms during survivorship. More research into potential social and psychological variables and their role in predicting distress in survivors is recommended.
Topics: Humans; Prospective Studies; Cancer Survivors; Stress, Psychological; Cross-Sectional Studies; Psychological Distress; Quality of Life
PubMed: 35941183
DOI: 10.1038/s41433-022-02193-1 -
International Journal of Molecular... Sep 2021Toxic tumour syndrome (TTS) is a particularly aggressive form of secondary vasculopathy occurring after radiation therapy of uveal melanoma due to the persistence of the...
Toxic tumour syndrome (TTS) is a particularly aggressive form of secondary vasculopathy occurring after radiation therapy of uveal melanoma due to the persistence of the necrotic tumour mass inside the eye. The development of TTS confers a particularly unfavourable functional and anatomical ocular prognosis, ultimately requiring enucleation in most cases if untreated. Vitreoretinal (VR) surgery has been successfully applied for treatment and prevention of TTS using both resecting and non-resecting techniques. In this systematic review, we aim to define characteristics of uveal melanomas benefiting the most from secondary VR surgery and to outline the optimal type and timing of VR intervention in such cases. Analysis of the literature reveals that endoresection should be performed within 3 months after radiotherapy to tumours thicker than 7 mm and with a largest basal diameter between 8 mm and 15 mm with post-equatorial location, especially after proton beam treatment. Alternatively, endodrainage remains a valid therapeutic option in eyes with macula-off retinal detachment, tumour diameter larger than 15 mm or ciliary body involvement. VR surgery can be successful in the management of TTS following radiotherapy for uveal melanoma when timing and indication are appropriately evaluated.
Topics: Cerebrovascular Disorders; Choroid Neoplasms; Ciliary Body; Humans; Melanoma; Prognosis; Proton Therapy; Radiotherapy; Retinal Detachment; Uveal Neoplasms; Visual Acuity; Vitreoretinal Surgery
PubMed: 34576231
DOI: 10.3390/ijms221810066