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Cancers Aug 2021The aim of the present systematic review was to investigate the risk of malignant transformation of proliferative verrucous leukoplakia (PVL). (Review)
Review
AIM
The aim of the present systematic review was to investigate the risk of malignant transformation of proliferative verrucous leukoplakia (PVL).
MATERIALS AND METHODS
the search was carried out using a combination of terms (leukoplakia OR leucoplakia) AND (multifocal OR proliferative) on the following databases: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science (WOS Core Collection), Cochrane Library, selecting only articles published since 1985 and in the English language. Demographic, disease-related, and follow-up data extracted from the studies included in the qualitative synthesis were combined. Weighted means ± standard deviations were calculated for continuous variables, while categorical variables were reported as frequencies and percentages. Dichotomous outcomes were expressed as odd ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Odd ratios for individual studies were combined using a random-effects meta-analysis, conducted using Review Manager 5.4 Software (Cochrane Community, Oxford, England).
RESULTS
twenty-two articles were included, with a total of 699 PVL patients, undergoing a mean follow-up of 7.2 years. Sixty-six percent of patients were females, with a mean age of 70.2 years, and 33.3% were males, with a mean age of 59.6 years. Most patients were non-smokers and non-alcohol users, and the gingiva/alveolar ridge mucosa was the most involved anatomical site by both PVL appearance and malignant transformation. A total of 320 PVL patients developed oral verrucous carcinoma (OVC) or conventional oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) because of malignant transformation of PVL lesions (45.8%). A statistically significant 3.8-fold higher risk of progression to conventional OSCC was found compared to OVC in PVL patients, with women being 1.7 times more likely to develop oral cancer than men, as a consequence of PVL progression. Moreover, a statistically significant higher likelihood of developing conventional OSCC in female PVL patients than in males was found. In 46.5% of patients with PVL malignant transformation, multiple carcinomas, in different oral sites, occurred during follow-up.
CONCLUSIONS
PVL is an aggressive lesion, which, in a high percentage of cases (almost 50%), undergoes malignant transformation, mainly toward OSCC. The female gender is most affected, especially in the elderly, with a negative history for alcohol and tobacco consumption.
PubMed: 34439238
DOI: 10.3390/cancers13164085 -
Cureus Jan 2023The objective of this systematic review was to investigate the expression of angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE 2) in the head and neck region. We examined the... (Review)
Review
The objective of this systematic review was to investigate the expression of angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE 2) in the head and neck region. We examined the evidence of the association of ACE 2 expression in oral tissues, salivary glands, and head and neck carcinoma. We searched Pub Med/Medline, Biorxiv, and Google Scholar to identify relevant literature. Studies reporting ACE 2 expression in human oral tissues and with a focus on head and neck carcinoma samples were included. From 110 studies, we extracted 15 studies analyzing the distribution and expression of ACE 2 in different head and neck tissues - olfactory mucosa and nasopharynx n=5, oral mucosa n=5, salivary gland n=5, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma patients n=3. ACE 2 was found to be expressed at a 4.43-fold increase in the head and neck region (OR, 4.43; 95% CI, 3.76-5.22; I= 97%, P=<0.00001) when compared with controls (other tissues except for head and neck region). RNA expression of ACE 2 was 60% higher in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma patients than that in the normal tissues (OR=0.60, 95% CI, 0.04-9.26, P=0.00001). In conclusion, the meta-analysis of the studies indicated that ACE 2 is highly expressed in olfactory mucosa, nasopharynx, oral mucosa, and salivary glands. Furthermore, the results indicate that ACE 2 expression is increased in patients with head and neck cancer.
PubMed: 36819393
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.33673 -
Bosnian Journal of Basic Medical... Dec 2021The objective of the present article was to qualitatively and quantitatively review the association between chronic mechanical irritation and oral squamous cell... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
The objective of the present article was to qualitatively and quantitatively review the association between chronic mechanical irritation and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). PubMed, SCOPUS, and Web of Science databases were searched using the keyword combinations "chronic trauma and oral squamous cell carcinoma; chronic irritation and oral squamous cell carcinoma; chronic irritation and oral cancer; and chronic trauma and oral cancer." Duplicates and irrelevant articles were excluded after the title and abstract screening. The full texts of the remaining articles were assessed using selection criteria. A total of 375 (PubMed-126; SCOPUS-152; WOS-97) articles were screened, and 343 duplicates and irrelevant articles were excluded from the study. Only 9 of the remaining 32 articles met the selection criteria and were included in the qualitative analysis. Buccal mucosa and tongue, being highly prone to chronic irritation through the dental prosthesis, were the common sites for OSCC. Edentulous subjects with ill-fitting dentures were at a high risk of developing chronic irritation associated-OSCC. According to the Joanna Briggs Institute of risk assessment, eight of the nine included studies had a low risk of bias. The quantitative analysis showed a significant association (p < 0.00001) between the chronic oral mucosal irritation and OSCC with an overall risk ratio of 2.56 at a confidence interval of 1.96-3.35. Chronic oral mucosa irritation has a significant association with OSCC, and the nature of association could be that of a potential co-factor (dependent risk factor) rather than an independent risk factor.
Topics: Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Dental Prosthesis; Humans; Mouth Neoplasms; Risk Factors
PubMed: 33823123
DOI: 10.17305/bjbms.2021.5577 -
Cureus Nov 2023One of the most poorly recognized and inadequately managed diseases, oral submucous fibrosis progresses over time. Betel nut eating is the foremost cause of oral... (Review)
Review
One of the most poorly recognized and inadequately managed diseases, oral submucous fibrosis progresses over time. Betel nut eating is the foremost cause of oral submucous fibrosis. One such condition is oral submucous fibrosis, which is characterized by severe trismus, disability, and a higher risk of cancer. The mouth opening gradually decreases, which is related to difficulty eating, altered gustatory sensation, and mouth dryness, leading to decreased oral intake. The main and beginning signs include decreased mouth opening, pain, difficulty eating, dry mouth, and blanching of the buccal mucosa. This is treated first with medication, then with exercises for the mouth that a physiotherapist has recommended. However, the function of a physical therapist is not clearly defined. Physiotherapy may be used with other therapies to treat oral submucous fibrosis. Mouth-opening exercises, ultrasound, and other therapeutic interventions are available. This article tries to describe the kind of physical therapy that can be recommended for treating oral submucous fibrosis. It is crucial to understand pain management, physiotherapy management for grade III and IV oral submucous fibrosis various additional exercises, modalities and their ideal dose, and strategy for the long-term effect of the treatments to conduct further research.
PubMed: 38046698
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.48155 -
Cancers Apr 2022(1) Purpose: In this article, the authors decided to systematically review the available literature to identify potential correlations regarding secondary oral carcinoma... (Review)
Review
(1) Purpose: In this article, the authors decided to systematically review the available literature to identify potential correlations regarding secondary oral carcinoma occurring after hematological systemic treatment and oral chronic graft-versus-host disease. (2) Methods: Medline (PubMed) and Scopus (Elsevier) databases were searched, including articles from the years 2002-2022. The 33 unique results were assessed by a PRISMA flowchart, and we rejected 24 papers and included 9 articles in the review. (3) Results: The majority of patients suffered from the oral form of chronic graft-versus-host disease before the diagnosis of oral malignancy. Two common cancer sites were the tongue and buccal mucosa. The exact percentage of secondary oral carcinoma after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation could not be estimated due to a lack of data. (4) Conclusions: Every physician taking part in the follow-up of patients after hematological treatment should be aware of the possibility of secondary neoplastic disease in the oral cavity, especially in patients with oral graft-versus-host disease. Proper follow-up protocols and monitoring are needed in this patient group as the cause of these cancers appears to be multifactorial.
PubMed: 35565303
DOI: 10.3390/cancers14092175 -
Postepy Dermatologii I Alergologii Jun 2022Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is mainly a problem of the female reproductive tract. It can occur in the oral cavity as well. Commonly HPV infections are...
INTRODUCTION
Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is mainly a problem of the female reproductive tract. It can occur in the oral cavity as well. Commonly HPV infections are subclinical, without any visible symptoms, and last no longer than 2 years. Usually the clinical manifestation of HPV infection is benign, but in some cases it can also promote malignant transformation. In the paper we have tried to estimate the prevalence of HPV detected in samples of oral leukoplakia (OLK), the most common premalignant lesions of the oral mucosa.
AIM
To review the current literature to estimate the prevalence of HPV (HPV DNA) detected in samples of oral leukoplakia.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
We searched PubMed/Medline, Scopus, and Cochrane Library databases for studies that examined the prevalence of HPV in leukoplakia with HPV DNA detection by polymerase chain reaction.
RESULTS
HPV positive cases in OLK ranged from 0% to 100% in studies. The overall HPV prevalence in leukoplakia was 6.66%. The prevalence of HPV 16 positive cases was 2.95%. The high-risk HPV prevalence was 5.16%, when the low-risk HPV prevalence was 3.32%. When dysplasia is mentioned, HPV was detected in 19.56% of lesions with dysplasia, compared to 38.16% among non-dysplastic lesions.
CONCLUSIONS
Further studies should be extended also to include low-risk HPV and compare its prevalence with presence of dysplasia in leukoplakia. Besides, leukoplakia and other premalignant lesions can no longer be treated as one lesion.
PubMed: 35950127
DOI: 10.5114/ada.2021.107269 -
Journal of Clinical Medicine Nov 2023Chronic kidney disease is classified as a civilization disease and is being diagnosed in an increasing number of patients. Hypertension and diabetes mellitus often... (Review)
Review
Chronic kidney disease is classified as a civilization disease and is being diagnosed in an increasing number of patients. Hypertension and diabetes mellitus often coexist in hemodialyzed patients. The aim of the present study was to identify publications on the oral cavity status of multimorbid hemodialyzed adult patients additionally diagnosed with hypertension and/or diabetes mellitus, published between 2012 and 2022 to establish evidence of the impact of hypertension and diabetes mellitus on the oral status of hemodialyzed patients. Scopus and Web of Science databases were searched. Eight articles were included in the review. In total, 3 articles discussed oral hygiene in hemodialyzed patients, 4 discussed periodontal status, 3 discussed mucosa condition and saliva parameters, and 3 discussed the problem of Candidiasis infections. The conclusions were as follows: there is still a limited number of publications discussing the oral status of hemodialyzed patients diagnosed with hypertension; involved articles have proven that coexisting diseases can influence the oral cavity status of hemodialyzed patients and cause periodontal disorders, lower hygiene status, saliva parameters and make the risk of Candida infections higher.
PubMed: 38002685
DOI: 10.3390/jcm12227072 -
Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) May 2021: The aim of this systematic review is to summarize the current data about the presence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and its entry... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
: The aim of this systematic review is to summarize the current data about the presence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and its entry factors in oral tissues and cells. : This systematic review was carried out based on the Preferred Reporting Items for a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA). Three databases were analyzed (Pubmed, Web of science and Scopus) by three independent researchers. From the 18 identified studies, 10 of them met the inclusion criteria. The presence of SARS-CoV-2 or its entry factors (angiotensin-converting enzyme II (ACE2), transmembrane serine proteases (TMPRSS), and furin) was analyzed in these 10 studies during the pandemic. ACE2 expression was analyzed in 9 of the 10 studies. ACE2 is expressed mainly in the tongue, oral mucosa, salivary glands and epithelial cells. The expression of the TMPRSS2 gene or protein was analyzed in 6 studies. These studies reported that the expression of TMPRSS2 was mainly in the salivary glands, tongue, sulcular epithelium and oral mucosa; as well as in cells of the salivary glands (ductal, acinar and myoepithelial cells) and the tongue (the spinous-based cell layer, horny layer and the epithelial surface). Other TMPRSS were also reported. The expression of TMPRSS3, TMPRSS4, TMPRSS5, TMPRSS7 and TMPRSS11D was reported mainly in salivary glands and in epithelial-type cells. Furan expression was analyzed in three studies. The expression of furin was detected mainly in epithelial cells of the tongue. A variety of methods were used to carry out the detection of SARS-CoV-2 or its input molecules. : These results show that SARS-CoV-2 can infect a wide variety of oral tissues and cells, and that together with the theories dedicated to explaining the oral symptoms present in SARS-CoV-2 positive patients, it provides us with a good scientific basis for understanding the virus infection in the oral cavity and its consequences.
Topics: COVID-19; Furin; Humans; Membrane Proteins; Mouth Mucosa; Neoplasm Proteins; Pandemics; SARS-CoV-2; Serine Endopeptidases
PubMed: 34070998
DOI: 10.3390/medicina57060523 -
International Journal of Molecular... Mar 2023Temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) occur frequently within the general population and are the most common non-dental cause of orofacial pain. Temporomandibular joint... (Review)
Review
Temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) occur frequently within the general population and are the most common non-dental cause of orofacial pain. Temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJ OA) is a degenerative joint disease (DJD). There have been several different methods of treatment of TMJ OA listed, including pharmacotherapy among others. Due to its anti-aging, antioxidative, bacteriostatic, anti-inflammatory, immuno-stimulating, pro-anabolic and anti-catabolic properties, oral glucosamine seems to be a potentially very effective agent in the treatment of TMJ OA. The aim of this review was to critically assess the efficacy of oral glucosamine in the treatment of TMJ OA on the basis of the literature. PubMed and Scopus databases were analyzed with the keywords: (temporomandibular joints) AND ((disorders) OR (osteoarthritis)) AND (treatment) AND (glucosamine). After the screening of 50 results, eight studies have been included in this review. Oral glucosamine is one of the symptomatic slow-acting drugs for osteoarthritis. There is not enough scientific evidence to unambiguously confirm the clinical effectiveness of glucosamine supplements in the treatment of TMJ OA on the basis of the literature. The most important aspect affecting the clinical efficacy of oral glucosamine in the treatment of TMJ OA was the total administration time. Administration of oral glucosamine for a longer period of time, i.e., 3 months, led to a significant reduction in TMJ pain and a significant increase in maximum mouth opening. It also resulted in long-term anti-inflammatory effects within the TMJs. Further long-term, randomized, double-blind studies, with a unified methodology, ought to be performed to draw the general recommendations for the use of oral glucosamine in the treatment of TMJ OA.
Topics: Humans; Glucosamine; Osteoarthritis; Temporomandibular Joint; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Facial Pain; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
PubMed: 36902359
DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054925 -
Medicina Oral, Patologia Oral Y Cirugia... Jan 2017Inflammatory papillary hyperplasia (IPH) is a benign lesion of the palatal mucosa. It is usually found in denture-wearers but also has been reported in patients without... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Inflammatory papillary hyperplasia (IPH) is a benign lesion of the palatal mucosa. It is usually found in denture-wearers but also has been reported in patients without a history of use of a maxillary prosthesis use.
OBJECTIVES
The aim of this study is to review the literature to assess the prevalence of denture stomatitis and inflammatory papillary hyperplasia and the etiological factors associated.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
A search was carried out in PubMed (January 2005 to October 2015) with the key words "inflammatory papillary hyperplasia", "denture stomatitis", "granular stomatitis" and "Newton's type III" The inclusion criteria were studies including at least a sample of 50 apparently healthy patients, articles published from 2005 to 2015 written in English. The exclusion criteria were reviews and non-human studies.
RESULTS
Out of the 190 studies obtained initially from the search 16 articles were selected to be included in our systematic review. The prevalence of denture stomatitis was 29.56% and 4.44% for IPH. We found 5 cases of denture stomatitis among non-denture-wearer individuals. All IPH cases were associated with the use of prosthesis. Smoking and continued use of ill-fitting dentures turned out to be the most frequent risk factors for developing IPH.
CONCLUSIONS
IPH is a rare oral lesion and its pathogenesis still remains unclear. Its presentation among non-denture-wearers is extremely unusual.
Topics: Humans; Hyperplasia; Mouth Mucosa; Palate; Prevalence; Stomatitis; Stomatitis, Denture
PubMed: 27918740
DOI: 10.4317/medoral.21405