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Frontiers in Immunology 2020The Long Pentraxin 3 (PTX3) is a multifunctional glycoprotein released by peripheral blood leukocytes and myeloid dendritic cells in response to primary pro-inflammatory...
The Long Pentraxin 3 (PTX3) is a multifunctional glycoprotein released by peripheral blood leukocytes and myeloid dendritic cells in response to primary pro-inflammatory stimuli, that acts as a non-redundant component of the humoral arm of innate immunity. In addition to the primary role in the acute inflammatory response, PTX3 seems to be involved in other physiological and pathological processes. Indeed, PTX3 seems to play a pivotal role in the deposition and remodeling of bone matrix during the mineralization process, promoting osteoblasts differentiation and activity. Recently, PTX3 was seen to be involved in the ectopic calcifications' formation in breast cancer disease. In this regard, it has been observed that breast cancer tumors characterized by high expression of PTX3 and high amount of Breast Osteoblast Like Cells (BOLCs) showed several Hydroxyapatite (HA) microcalcifications, suggesting a likely role for PTX3 in differentiation and osteoblastic activity in both bone and extra-bone sites. Furthermore, given its involvement in bone metabolism, several studies agree with the definition of PTX3 as a molecule significantly involved in the pathogenesis of age-related bone diseases, such as osteoporosis, both in mice and humans. Recent results suggest that genetic and epigenetic mechanisms acting on gene are also involved in the progression of these diseases. Based on these evidences, the aim of our systemic review was to offer an overview of the variety of biological processes in which PTX3 is involved, focusing on bone mineralization, both in a physiological and pathological context.
Topics: Aging; Animals; C-Reactive Protein; Calcification, Physiologic; Humans; Mice; Nerve Tissue Proteins; Osteoporosis; Serum Amyloid P-Component
PubMed: 33584725
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.622772 -
European Journal of Dentistry Feb 2023Understanding the fundamental principles of tooth movement could reduce the duration of treatment and achieve a stable outcome, resulting in patient satisfaction....
Understanding the fundamental principles of tooth movement could reduce the duration of treatment and achieve a stable outcome, resulting in patient satisfaction. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy was a modality in which a patient inhaled 100% O while subjected to high atmospheric pressure. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy facilitated the supply of oxygen to the human body's organs and tissues and served a variety of applications, including patient care and wound treatment. This review article aimed to describe animal studies of the potential effects of hyperbaric oxygen therapy in orthodontic therapy. It was conducted using a systematic literature review method, including searching PubMed and Google Scholar for publications relevant to the research topics. The search was filtered to include only research on orthodontic treatment and hyperbaric oxygen therapy and was published in any year. Articles that did not specify biological components of orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) were excluded. The Preferred Reporting Items identified the papers for the Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) strategy, which resulted in the selection of 11 publications. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy affected parameters of biomarkers representing the clinical, molecular, and cellular biology of bone formation and resorption in periodontal tissues in responding to orthodontic physical forces, including alkaline phosphatase, collagen synthesis, osteoblast, osteoclast, osteocyte, type I collagen, vascular endothelial growth factor, osteocalcin, fibroblast, matrix metalloproteinase-8, transforming growth factor-β, partial pressure of oxygen, partial pressure of carbon dioxide, trabecular bone density, and tooth mobility. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy induced an inflammatory response to follow OTM events during active orthodontic therapy. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy might play a role in the tissue healing process during passive treatment. Nonetheless, additional research should be conducted to establish the efficacy of hyperbaric oxygen therapy in orthodontics.
PubMed: 36220124
DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1755625 -
BMC Oral Health Jul 2019The present study investigated and evaluated the efficacy and safety of platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) in patients during bilateral mandibular third molars extraction by... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
The present study investigated and evaluated the efficacy and safety of platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) in patients during bilateral mandibular third molars extraction by systematic review and meta-analysis.
METHODS
The PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane library databases were retrieved, and the effect of PRF on the healing process of the alveolar socket after surgical extraction of the mandibular third molars was evaluated by meta-analysis. The postoperative pain, swelling, trismus, osteoblastic activity, and soft tissue healing were assessed, and the incidence of alveolar osteitis, weighted mean difference (WMD)/standard mean difference (SMD), the risk ratio (RR), and the 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated.
RESULTS
The current results showed that the local application of PRF during lower third molar extraction prevented postoperative complications. Subsequently, the pain (SMD = - 0.53, 95% CI: - 1.02--0.05, P = 0.001, I = 75.7%) and swelling (WMD = - 0.55, 95% CI: - 1.08--0.01, P = 0.573, I = 0) were relieved and the incidence of alveolar osteitis was reduced (RR = 0.35, 95% CI: 0.16-0.75, P = 0.597, I = 0%). However, no significant difference was observed in trismus, osteoblastic activity, and soft tissue healing between the PRF and non-PRF groups.
CONCLUSION
The current study confirms that PRF only reduces some of the postoperative complications but does not prevent all the postoperative complications. PRF significantly relieved the pain and swelling and reduced the incidence of alveolar osteitis after the extraction of an impacted lower third molar.
Topics: Dry Socket; Female; Humans; Male; Molar, Third; Platelet-Rich Fibrin; Postoperative Complications; Tooth Extraction; Tooth Socket; Tooth, Impacted; Treatment Outcome; Wound Healing
PubMed: 31345203
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-019-0824-3 -
Medicina Oral, Patologia Oral Y Cirugia... May 2022The aim of the present systematic review was to evaluate the clinical effect of vitamin C on bone healing after bone fracture or bone reconstruction procedures.
BACKGROUND
The aim of the present systematic review was to evaluate the clinical effect of vitamin C on bone healing after bone fracture or bone reconstruction procedures.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
In October 2020, Cochrane Library, Scopus and PubMed-Medline databases were searched without restrictions to identify animal and human studies that fulfilled the eligibility criteria. Outcome measures were bone healing time, bone gain (mm), bone density and adverse events. The risk of bias assessment of the selected studies was evaluated by means of Cochrane Collaboration's Tool for randomized clinical trials, while randomized clinical animal trials were assessed according to SYRCLE's tool. Additionally, quality of reporting animal studies were assessed according to ARRIVE guidelines.
RESULTS
Out of the 248 articles that yielded the initial search, 11 papers about the effect of ascorbic acid on bone healing were selected. In most of the animal studies, vitamin C seemed to accelerate bone formation owing to an enhanced osteoblastic proliferation and differentiation and its antioxidant function when pro-oxidant substances were added. It was not possible to observe this phenomenon in human studies.
CONCLUSIONS
Although additional well-performed animal and human studies are required, vitamin C seems to accelerate bone regeneration without adverse events. However, it is not possible to recommend a specific dose or route of administration of vitamin C to improve the bone healing process in humans as there was great heterogeneity among the included studies.
Topics: Animals; Ascorbic Acid; Bone Density; Bone and Bones; Dietary Supplements; Humans; Vitamins
PubMed: 35368012
DOI: 10.4317/medoral.24944 -
International Journal of Molecular... May 2021MicroRNAs (miRNAs) could serve as ideal entry points to the deregulated pathways in osteoporosis due to their relatively simple upstream and downstream relationships...
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) could serve as ideal entry points to the deregulated pathways in osteoporosis due to their relatively simple upstream and downstream relationships with other molecules in the signaling cascades. Our study aimed to give a comprehensive review of the already identified miRNAs in osteoporosis from human blood samples and provide useful information for their clinical application. A systematic literature search for relevant studies was conducted in the Pubmed database from inception to December 2020. We set two essential inclusion criteria: human blood sampling and design of controlled studies. We sorted the results of analysis on human blood samples according to the study settings and compiled the most promising miRNAs with analyzed diagnostic values. Furthermore, in vitro and in vivo evidence for the mechanisms of the identified miRNAs was also illustrated. Based on both diagnostic value and evidence of mechanism from in vitro and in vivo experiments, miR-23b-3p, miR-140-3p, miR-300, miR-155-5p, miR-208a-3p, and miR-637 were preferred candidates in diagnostic panels and as therapeutic agents. Further studies are needed to build sound foundations for the clinical usage of miRNAs in osteoporosis.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Biomarkers; Estrogens; Female; Frail Elderly; Humans; MicroRNAs; Middle Aged; Osteoporosis; Osteoporotic Fractures; Wnt Signaling Pathway
PubMed: 34063380
DOI: 10.3390/ijms22105232 -
International Journal of Molecular... Apr 2021Patients receiving orthopedic implants are at risk of implant-associated infections (IAI). A growing number of antibiotic-resistant bacteria threaten to hamper the...
Patients receiving orthopedic implants are at risk of implant-associated infections (IAI). A growing number of antibiotic-resistant bacteria threaten to hamper the treatment of IAI. The focus has, therefore, shifted towards the development of implants with intrinsic antibacterial activity to prevent the occurrence of infection. The use of Ag, Cu, and Zn has gained momentum as these elements display strong antibacterial behavior and target a wide spectrum of bacteria. In order to incorporate these elements into the surface of titanium-based bone implants, plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) has been widely investigated as a single-step process that can biofunctionalize these (highly porous) implant surfaces. Here, we present a systematic review of the studies published between 2009 until 2020 on the biomaterial properties, antibacterial behavior, and biocompatibility of titanium implants biofunctionalized by PEO using Ag, Cu, and Zn. We observed that 100% of surfaces bearing Ag (Ag-surfaces), 93% of surfaces bearing Cu (Cu-surfaces), 73% of surfaces bearing Zn (Zn-surfaces), and 100% of surfaces combining Ag, Cu, and Zn resulted in a significant (i.e., >50%) reduction of bacterial load, while 13% of Ag-surfaces, 10% of Cu-surfaces, and none of Zn or combined Ag, Cu, and Zn surfaces reported cytotoxicity against osteoblasts, stem cells, and immune cells. A majority of the studies investigated the antibacterial activity against . Important areas for future research include the biofunctionalization of additively manufactured porous implants and surfaces combining Ag, Cu, and Zn. Furthermore, the antibacterial activity of such implants should be determined in assays focused on prevention, rather than the treatment of IAIs. These implants should be tested using appropriate in vivo bone infection models capable of assessing whether titanium implants biofunctionalized by PEO with Ag, Cu, and Zn can contribute to protect patients against IAI.
Topics: Copper; Humans; Osteoblasts; Oxidation-Reduction; Porosity; Prostheses and Implants; Silver; Staphylococcal Infections; Staphylococcus aureus; Stem Cells; Titanium; Zinc
PubMed: 33917615
DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073800 -
Frontiers in Endocrinology 2024Liraglutide (Lrg), a novel anti-diabetic drug that mimics the endogenous glucagon-like peptide-1 to potentiate insulin secretion, is observed to be capable of partially... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Liraglutide (Lrg), a novel anti-diabetic drug that mimics the endogenous glucagon-like peptide-1 to potentiate insulin secretion, is observed to be capable of partially reversing osteopenia. The aim of the present study is to further investigate the efficacy and potential anti-osteoporosis mechanisms of Lrg for improving bone pathology, bone- related parameters under imageology, and serum bone metabolism indexes in an animal model of osteoporosis with or without diabetes.
METHODS
Eight databases were searched from their inception dates to April 27, 2024. The risk of bias and data on outcome measures were analyzed by the CAMARADES 10-item checklist and Rev-Man 5.3 software separately.
RESULTS
Seventeen eligible studies were ultimately included in this review. The number of criteria met in each study varied from 4/10 to 8/10 with an average of 5.47. The aspects of blinded induction of the model, blinding assessment of outcome and sample size calculation need to be strengthened with emphasis. The pre-clinical evidence reveals that Lrg is capable of partially improving bone related parameters under imageology, bone pathology, and bone maximum load, increasing serum osteocalcin, N-terminal propeptide of type I procollagen, and reducing serum c-terminal cross-linked telopeptide of type I collagen (P<0.05). Lrg reverses osteopenia likely by activating osteoblast proliferation through promoting the Wnt signal pathway, p-AMPK/PGC1α signal pathway, and inhibiting the activation of osteoclasts by inhibiting the OPG/RANKL/RANK signal pathway through anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-autophagic pathways. Furthermore, the present study recommends that more reasonable usage methods of streptozotocin, including dosage and injection methods, as well as other types of osteoporosis models, be attempted in future studies.
DISCUSSION
Based on the results, this finding may help to improve the priority of Lrg in the treatment of diabetes patients with osteoporosis.
Topics: Liraglutide; Animals; Osteoporosis; Disease Models, Animal; Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor; Hypoglycemic Agents; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Bone Density
PubMed: 38868747
DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1378291 -
Journal of Pharmacy & Bioallied Sciences Jul 2023Class II mandibular furcation defect is a periodontal condition characterized by a cul-de-sac lesion, a definite parallel constituent with only a portion of alveolar...
Class II mandibular furcation defect is a periodontal condition characterized by a cul-de-sac lesion, a definite parallel constituent with only a portion of alveolar bone remaining intact. There may be involvement of vertical bone loss. Local drug deliveries such as Boric acid, alendronate gel, and other drugs exhibited anti-inflammatory, antibacterial & osteoblastic differentiation activity. The present systematic review compares the drugs based on their outcomes and pharmacological action. To analzse & compare various forms of local drug delivery systems on a class II furcation. A search was conducted using PubMed, Google scholar, science direct, and Pub Med central using MeSH terms - local drug delivery in periodontics, boric acid in the management of class II mandibular furcation, simvastatin in the treatment of furcation. A total of 560 articles were screened; 58 out of 560 were full-text articles accessed for eligibility, and five articles were included in the systematic review. PRISMA guidelines were used for reporting this review. In addition, five randomized controlled trials were enclosed and used in this systematic review. The various local drugs used in treating class II mandibular furcation defects are effective in the prevention of bleeding on probing, bone resorption, gingival bleeding index and increase in the bone fill, and microbial deposit removal. The managing of class II mandibular furcation defect with the drugs mentioned in this review can be effective by reducing several clinical parameters such as bleeding on probing, gingival indices, osteoblastic differentiation, bone fill, etc., Considering the results of the studies, it can be concluded that it can be used as a therapeutic therapy against class II furcation defects with positive outcomes.
PubMed: 37654351
DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_572_22 -
Journal of Bone and Mineral Research :... Feb 2019We aimed to report the first genomewide association study (GWAS) meta-analysis of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA)-derived hip shape, which is thought to be... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
We aimed to report the first genomewide association study (GWAS) meta-analysis of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA)-derived hip shape, which is thought to be related to the risk of both hip osteoarthritis and hip fracture. Ten hip shape modes (HSMs) were derived by statistical shape modeling using SHAPE software, from hip DXA scans in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC; adult females), TwinsUK (mixed sex), Framingham Osteoporosis Study (FOS; mixed), Osteoporotic Fractures in Men study (MrOS), and Study of Osteoporotic Fractures (SOF; females) (total N = 15,934). Associations were adjusted for age, sex, and ancestry. Five genomewide significant (p < 5 × 10 , adjusted for 10 independent outcomes) single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were associated with HSM1, and three SNPs with HSM2. One SNP, in high linkage disequilibrium with rs2158915 associated with HSM1, was associated with HSM5 at genomewide significance. In a look-up of previous GWASs, three of the identified SNPs were associated with hip osteoarthritis, one with hip fracture, and five with height. Seven SNPs were within 200 kb of genes involved in endochondral bone formation, namely SOX9, PTHrP, RUNX1, NKX3-2, FGFR4, DICER1, and HHIP. The SNP adjacent to DICER1 also showed osteoblast cis-regulatory activity of GSC, in which mutations have previously been reported to cause hip dysplasia. For three of the lead SNPs, SNPs in high LD (r > 0.5) were identified, which intersected with open chromatin sites as detected by ATAC-seq performed on embryonic mouse proximal femora. In conclusion, we identified eight SNPs independently associated with hip shape, most of which were associated with height and/or mapped close to endochondral bone formation genes, consistent with a contribution of processes involved in limb growth to hip shape and pathological sequelae. These findings raise the possibility that genetic studies of hip shape might help in understanding potential pathways involved in hip osteoarthritis and hip fracture. © 2018 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Topics: Animals; Bone Density; Femur Head; Genetic Loci; Genome-Wide Association Study; Hip Fractures; Humans; Linkage Disequilibrium; Longitudinal Studies; Mice; Osteoporotic Fractures; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
PubMed: 30320955
DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.3605 -
Neurospine Jun 2022Despite numerous studies, the pathogenesis of ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) is still unclear. Previous genetic studies proposed variations...
Despite numerous studies, the pathogenesis of ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) is still unclear. Previous genetic studies proposed variations in genes related to bone and collagen as a cause of OPLL. It is unclear whether the upregulations of those genes are the cause of OPLL or an intermediate result of endochondral ossification process. Causal variations may be in the inflammation-related genes supported by clinical and updated genomic studies. OPLL demonstrates features of genetic diseases but can also be induced by mechanical stress by itself. OPLL may be a combination of various diseases that share ossification as a common pathway and can be divided into genetic and idiopathic. The phenotype of OPLL can be divided into continuous (including mixed) and segmental (including localized) based on the histopathology, prognosis, and appearance. Continuous OPLL shows substantial overexpression of osteoblast-specific genes, frequent upper cervical involvement, common progression, and need for surgery, whereas segmental OPLL shows moderate-to-high expression of these genes and is often clinically silent. Genetic OPLL seems to share clinical features with the continuous type, while idiopathic OPLL shares features with the segmental type. Further genomic studies are needed to elucidate the relationship between genetic OPLL and phenotype of OPLL.
PubMed: 35793933
DOI: 10.14245/ns.2244038.019