-
Journal of Bone and Mineral Research :... May 2012Previous studies have reported inconsistent findings regarding the association between the use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and the risk of... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Previous studies have reported inconsistent findings regarding the association between the use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and the risk of fracture. We identified relevant studies by searching three electronic databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library) from their inception to October 20, 2010. Two evaluators independently extracted data. Because of heterogeneity, we used random-effects meta-analysis to obtain pooled estimates of effect. We identified 12 studies: seven case-control studies and five cohort studies. A meta-analysis of these 12 observational studies showed that the overall risk of fracture was higher among people using SSRIs (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 1.69, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.51-1.90, I(2 ) = 89.9%). Subgroup analysis by adjusted number of key risk factors for osteoporotic fracture showed a greater increased fracture risk in those adjusted for fewer than four variables (adjusted OR = 1.83, 95% CI 1.57-2.13, I(2) = 88.0%) than those adjusted for four or more variables (adjusted OR = 1.38, 95% CI 1.27-1.49, I(2) = 46.1%). The pooled ORs anatomical site of fracture in the hip/femur, spine, and wrist/forearm were 2.06 (95% CI 1.84-2.30, I(2 ) = 62.3%), 1.34 (95% CI 1.13-1.59, I(2 ) = 48.5%), and 1.51 (95% CI 1.26-1.82, I(2 ) = 76.6%), respectively. Subgroup analysis by exposure duration revealed that the strength of the association decreased with a longer window of SSRI administration before the index date. The risk of fracture was greater within 6 weeks before the index date (adjusted OR = 3.83, 95% CI 1.96-7.49, I(2 ) = 41.5%) than 6 weeks or more (adjusted OR = 1.60, 95% CI 0.93-2.76, I(2 ) = 63.1%). Fracture risk associated with SSRI use may have a significant clinical impact. Clinicians should carefully consider bone mineral density screening before prescribing SSRIs and proper management for high-risk populations.
Topics: Databases as Topic; Depression; Fractures, Bone; Humans; MEDLINE; Risk Assessment; Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors
PubMed: 22258738
DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.1554 -
Bone Reports Dec 2020Teriparatide has been increasingly utilized in the management of osteoporosis. The efficacy of low and high dose teriparatide on lumbar spine bone mineral density,...
The efficacy of teriparatide on lumbar spine bone mineral density, vertebral fracture incidence and pain in post-menopausal osteoporotic patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
OBJECTIVE
Teriparatide has been increasingly utilized in the management of osteoporosis. The efficacy of low and high dose teriparatide on lumbar spine bone mineral density, vertebral fracture incidence and pain is unknown. We sought to determine the efficacy of teriparatide on these patient-important outcomes using a systematic review and meta-analysis.
METHODS
A systematic search of electronic databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTRAL, CINAHL) was performed to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that evaluate teriparatide to any comparator for the treatment of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. The Grades of Recommendation Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) criteria were used by two independent reviewers to assess the strength and quality of evidence.
RESULTS
A total of 20 studies (n = 6024) were included in this review, with 2855 patients receiving teriparatide and 3169 patients receiving placebo or control treatment. A teriparatide dose of 20 μg/day increased lumbar spine bone mineral density (BMD) (standardized mean difference (SMD) 0.34 standard deviation (SD) units higher (95% CI 0.19-0.48 SDs higher) in comparison to placebo. Relative to anti-resorptive agents, 20 μg/day of teriparatide had a range from 0.14 SD units to 0.96 SD units higher (95% CI, 0.08 SDs lower to 0.36 SDs higher, CI, 0.33-1.59 SDs higher, respectively). 20 μg/day teriparatide had a significant effect on pain severity to placebo or control (SMD 0.80, 95% CI, 1.16-0.43 SDs lower) and also decreased the incidence of vertebral fractures compared to placebo (relative risk 0.31, 95% CI 0.21 to 0.46). Arthralgia and extremity pain incidence were also calculated; there were 15 and 8 fewer events per 1000 patients with the use of 20 μg/day of teriparatide compared to placebo or control, respectively.
CONCLUSION
High quality evidence supports the utilization of teriparatide 20 μg/day dose to significantly improve lumbar spine BMD and decrease incidence of vertebral fractures and pain severity relative to all comparators. 40 μg/day dose of teriparatide demonstrated significantly better results with prolonged treatment. This data is valuable for clinicians involved in the care of this growing demographic of patients. Further investigation on the safety and efficacy of teriparatide in higher doses for the long-term treatment of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women should be conducted through high-quality clinical trials.
PubMed: 33145376
DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2020.100728 -
Medicine Apr 2021The aim of this study is to investigate the clinical efficacy of zoledronic acid (ZOL) in the treatment and prevention of osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Clinical efficacy of zoledronic acid combined with percutaneous kyphoplasty in the prevention and treatment of osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
OBJECTIVE:
The aim of this study is to investigate the clinical efficacy of zoledronic acid (ZOL) in the treatment and prevention of osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (OVCF) after percutaneous kyphoplasty (PKP) for elderly patients.
METHODS:
The PubMed, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang, VIP, and Embase were investigated through June 2020. All randomized controlled trials (RCT) involving ZOL injections for OVCF were enrolled. Outcome indicators included the bone mineral density (BMD), Visual Analog Scale (VAS), recompression vertebral fracture (RVF), Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), and bone metabolism (Procollagen type I N-terminal propeptide [PINP] and βcross-linked C-telopeptide of type I collagen [β-CTX]), bone cement leakage. Review Manager 5.3 was used to analyze these indicators.
RESULTS:
In this study, (1).. Eight studies had met the eligibility criteria, a total of 578 participants were involved (285 and 293 in the experimental (ZOL) group and control [no ZOL] group, respectively). (2).. The BMD scores of patients with OVCF in the experimental group were significantly higher than that in the control group ( < .05). The VAS scores were significantly different between the 2 groups at the 6, 12 months follow-up ( < .05). After PKP operation, ZOL injections reduced the rate of RVF ( < .05). In the comparison of ODI scores, the experimental group improved compared with the control group ( < .05). Respectively, the bone metabolism of patients with OVCF after ZOL was better than that of patients in control group ( < .05).
CONCLUSION:
Zoledronic acid had a significant effect on the treatment and prevention of OVCF in elderly osteoporotic patients after PKP. Due to the limited quality and data, more high-quality studies are needed to confirm the results of this meta-analysis.
Topics: Bone Density Conservation Agents; Humans; Kyphoplasty; Osteoporotic Fractures; Spinal Fractures; Zoledronic Acid
PubMed: 33787604
DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000025215 -
Journal of Bone and Mineral Research :... Oct 2021The Fracture Risk Assessment Tool (FRAX) is the most widely used tool for fracture prediction. It provides 10-year probabilities for hip and major osteoporotic fracture...
The Fracture Risk Assessment Tool (FRAX) is the most widely used tool for fracture prediction. It provides 10-year probabilities for hip and major osteoporotic fracture (MOF). It uses country-specific hip fracture incidence and life expectancy data, and for most countries, MOF/hip fracture incidence rate ratios (IRRs) from Malmo Sweden. However, the risk of MOF varies by age, sex, and geography. The objective is to compare the MOF/hip IRRs across countries, by sex and age. This systematic review targeted observational studies of MOF and hip fractures in individuals >50 years (PROSPERO 2019 CRD42019129259). One reviewer screened potential articles. Two reviewers completed duplicate and independent data abstraction, and assessed study quality based on population representativeness, study design and duration, definition of ethnicity, and fracture characteristics. We calculated the MOF/hip IRRs (95% confidence interval) and Z-values to compare IRRs in various countries to those for Sweden. We included 27 studies, of fair to good quality in the majority, from Europe (15), US and Canada (7), Asia (3), and Australia (2). The IRRs were twofold to 10-fold higher in younger compared to older age categories, and in women compared to men, with few exceptions. Within Europe, and using Sweden as a reference, MOF/Hip IRRs in women 50-54 years from Finland, Italy, Netherlands, Denmark, and UK were significantly lower by 38% to 60%. Findings were similar in men. At older ages, MOF/Hip IRRs were consistently lower in women from European countries compared to Sweden, by 10%-40% and 11%-51%, at 75-79 years and 85-89 years, respectively. Findings were heterogenous in men and in non-European countries. In conclusion, the MOF/hip fracture IRR may vary between countries. The variability at older ages may affect FRAX prediction when country-specific fracture IRRs are not used. Further research is needed to elucidate the implication of our findings to FRAX-derived MOF estimates in various countries. © 2021 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Topics: Aged; Bone Density; Female; Hip Fractures; Humans; Incidence; Male; Middle Aged; Osteoporotic Fractures; Risk Assessment; Risk Factors
PubMed: 34152628
DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4395 -
Deutsches Arzteblatt International Oct 2021The prevalence of osteoporotic vertebral body fractures in Europe is 18-26%. Although most of these injuries can be treated conservatively, the underlying concepts have...
BACKGROUND
The prevalence of osteoporotic vertebral body fractures in Europe is 18-26%. Although most of these injuries can be treated conservatively, the underlying concepts have not been defined clearly or uniformly. In this article, we present the current state of the evidence on the diagnosis and conservative treatment of osteoporotic fractures of the thoracic and lumbar vertebrae.
METHODS
A systematic review of the literature up to May 2020 was carried out in the PubMed and Web of Science Core Collection databases. 549 articles were identified, of which 36 were suitable for inclusion in the review. Articles were sought in the areas of diagnosis, provision of physical aids, pharmacotherapy, physiotherapy, and treatments from the realm of alternative medicine.
RESULTS
The primary diagnostic technique was conventional x-ray in two planes (with the patient standing, if possible), which had 51.3% sensitivity and 75% specificity. If a fracture was suspected, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the entire spine and regional computed tomography (CT) were carried out. The overall state of the evidence on treatment is poor; the best available evidence is for exercise therapy and physiotherapy, which are supported by three level I and four level II studies. Improvements were seen mainly in mobility and a reduced fear of falling. The use of an active orthosis can be useful as well. No evidence was found on the use of drugs or alternative medicine exclusively in the conservative treatment of osteoporotic vertebral body fractures.
CONCLUSION
It is reasonable to evaluate instability with imaging repeatedly, at regular intervals, over a period of six months. There is still a lack of reliable data on the optimal intensity and duration of physiotherapy, and on the use of orthoses.
Topics: Accidental Falls; Conservative Treatment; Fear; Humans; Lumbar Vertebrae; Osteoporotic Fractures; Spinal Fractures
PubMed: 34342263
DOI: 10.3238/arztebl.m2021.0295 -
Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and... Jun 2023Continuous use of glucocorticoids (GCs) has become the primary cause of secondary osteoporosis. Bisphosphonate drugs were given priority over denosumab and teriparatide... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Continuous use of glucocorticoids (GCs) has become the primary cause of secondary osteoporosis. Bisphosphonate drugs were given priority over denosumab and teriparatide in the 2017 American College of Rheumatology (ACR) guidelines but have a series of shortcomings. This study aims to explore the efficacy and safety of teriparatide and denosumab compared with those of oral bisphosphonate drugs.
METHODS
We systematically searched studies included in the PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane library databases and included randomized controlled trials that compared denosumab or teriparatide with oral bisphosphonates. Risk estimates were pooled using both fixed and random effects models.
RESULTS
We included 10 studies involving 2923 patients who received GCs for meta-analysis, including two drug base analyses and four sensitivity analyses. Teriparatide and denosumab were superior to bisphosphonates in increasing the bone mineral density (BMD) of the lumbar vertebrae [teriparatide: mean difference [MD] 3.98%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 3.61-4.175%, P = 0.00001; denosumab: MD 2.07%, 95% CI 0.97-3.17%, P = 0.0002]. Teriparatide was superior to bisphosphonates in preventing vertebral fractures and increasing hip BMD [MD 2.39%, 95% CI 1.47-3.32, P < 0.00001]. There was no statistically significant difference between serious adverse events, adverse events, and nonvertebral fracture prevention drugs.
CONCLUSIONS
Teriparatide and denosumab exhibited similar or even superior characteristics to bisphosphonates in our study, and we believe that they have the potential to become first-line GC-induced osteoporosis treatments, especially for patients who have previously received other anti-osteoporotic drugs with poor efficacy.
Topics: Humans; Teriparatide; Glucocorticoids; Denosumab; Bone Density Conservation Agents; Osteoporosis; Diphosphonates; Bone Density; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 37349750
DOI: 10.1186/s13018-023-03920-4 -
Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Surgery &... Sep 2015To assess the effectiveness and safety of stentoplasty in people with osteoporotic vertebral body fractures. A systematic search of databases including MEDLINE, EMBASE... (Review)
Review
UNLABELLED
To assess the effectiveness and safety of stentoplasty in people with osteoporotic vertebral body fractures. A systematic search of databases including MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane library, between others, was conducted to June 9, 2014. Clinical trials and observational studies that included alive adults with osteoporotic vertebral body fractures and the comparators were the intervention himself, vertebroplasty or balloon kyphoplasty were selected. Quality of evidence was graded according to the GRADE approach. Two review authors independently selected studies, assessed risk of bias and extracted data. Forty-two citations were identified during the search. After removing duplicates, five studies were included: two clinical trials and three observational studies. Stentoplasty, showed higher rate of adverse events related to material (P=0.043) and cuff pressure (P=0.014) in comparison to kyphoplasty. There was no difference between two procedures in terms of reduction of kyphosis, time of exposure to radiation or postoperative loss of cement. Stentoplasty in comparison to vertebroplasty, showed an improvement of restoration of vertebral height (P=0.042), kyphosis correction and volume of bone cement. No differences were found between two procedures in terms of loss of vertebral body volume. Based on observational studies, stentoplasty improved vertebral height, pain and functional disability at 6 and 12months follow-up, and corrected the angle vertebral fractures in patients with osteoporotic vertebral body. Stentoplasty was presented as a safe procedure in short-medium term, with a low complication rate, a reduced loss of cement and new vertebral body fractures lower rates. Stentoplasty improves vertebral height, reduces the pain and functional disability and correct the vertebral angle in patients with osteoporotic vertebral body fracture with minimum adverse events. Stentoplasty is comparable to kyphoplasty in terms of correction of kyphosis, time of exposure to radiation and cement postoperative loss, and comparable to vertebroplasty in terms of restoration of vertebral height correction and bone cement volume.
LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Level II systematic review.
Topics: Humans; Kyphoplasty; Osteoporotic Fractures; Pain; Spinal Fractures; Stents
PubMed: 26194207
DOI: 10.1016/j.otsr.2015.06.002 -
Journal of Endocrinological... Nov 2023Preventing fragility fractures by treating osteoporosis may reduce disability and mortality worldwide. Algorithms combining clinical risk factors with bone mineral...
PURPOSE
Preventing fragility fractures by treating osteoporosis may reduce disability and mortality worldwide. Algorithms combining clinical risk factors with bone mineral density have been developed to better estimate fracture risk and possible treatment thresholds. This systematic review supported panel members of the Italian Fragility Fracture Guidelines in recommending the use of best-performant tool. The clinical performance of the three most used fracture risk assessment tools (DeFRA, FRAX, and FRA-HS) was assessed in at-risk patients.
METHODS
PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library were searched till December 2020 for studies investigating risk assessment tools for predicting major osteoporotic or hip fractures in patients with osteoporosis or fragility fractures. Sensitivity (Sn), specificity (Sp), and areas under the curve (AUCs) were evaluated for all tools at different thresholds. Quality assessment was performed using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2; certainty of evidence (CoE) was evaluated using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach.
RESULTS
Forty-three articles were considered (40, 1, and 2 for FRAX, FRA-HS, and DeFRA, respectively), with the CoE ranging from very low to high quality. A reduction of Sn and increase of Sp for major osteoporotic fractures were observed among women and the entire population with cut-off augmentation. No significant differences were found on comparing FRAX to DeFRA in women (AUC 59-88% vs. 74%) and diabetics (AUC 73% vs. 89%). FRAX demonstrated non-significantly better discriminatory power than FRA-HS among men.
CONCLUSION
The task force formulated appropriate recommendations on the use of any fracture risk assessment tools in patients with or at risk of fragility fractures, since no statistically significant differences emerged across different prediction tools.
Topics: Male; Humans; Female; Osteoporosis; Osteoporotic Fractures; Bone Density; Risk Factors; Risk Assessment
PubMed: 37031450
DOI: 10.1007/s40618-023-02082-8 -
Cureus Jan 2023The prevalence of osteoporosis in individuals with cirrhosis varies based on the diagnostic approach and etiology of the underlying liver disease. This systematic review... (Review)
Review
The prevalence of osteoporosis in individuals with cirrhosis varies based on the diagnostic approach and etiology of the underlying liver disease. This systematic review aims to evaluate the prevalence of osteoporosis in individuals with cirrhosis. Electronic databases were searched for studies reporting the prevalence of osteoporosis among patients with cirrhosis. The primary outcome was the presence of osteoporosis, as determined by a dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scan. Secondary outcomes were levels of biochemical markers of bone metabolism, including calcium, vitamin D, phosphorus, and parathormone (PTH) levels. A cohort of 836 patients from 10 studies was included in the final analysis. The pooled rate of osteoporosis was 14.80% (95% CI: 14.19-15.49). Pooled levels of biochemical markers of bone metabolism were as follows: calcium 9.09 mg/dL (95% CI: 8.73-9.45), 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OH vitamin D) 15.41 ng/mL (95% CI: 14.79-16.03), phosphorus 15.41 mg/dL (95% CI: 2.99-3.51), and PTH 26.58 pg/mL (95% CI: 25.45-27.71). Pooled levels of liver biochemistries were: bilirubin 3.04 mg/dL (95% CI: 2.84-3.25), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) 65.35 U/L (95% CI: 61.39-69.31), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) 50.17 U/L (95% CI: 46.18-54.10), alkaline phosphatase 133.31 U/L (95% CI: 124.89-141.73), and albumin 3.25 g/dL (95% CI: 3.05-3.45). Cirrhosis appears to be associated with an increased risk for osteoporosis, with a pooled prevalence of 15%. This can include men and individuals younger than 50 years of age, a cohort not typically considered to be at an increased risk of osteoporosis. Levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) were also significantly low. Further studies are required to evaluate the risk of osteoporosis based on the etiology and stage of cirrhosis, especially in younger males, to incorporate this into future prediction models for fragility fractures.
PubMed: 36788896
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.33721 -
Journal of the American Geriatrics... Mar 2017To evaluate the efficacy of treatment options to reduce osteoporotic fracture risk in men. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
OBJECTIVES
To evaluate the efficacy of treatment options to reduce osteoporotic fracture risk in men.
DESIGN
Systematic review and meta-analysis.
SETTING
Randomized clinical trials that evaluated the efficacy of a treatment for osteoporosis or low bone mineral density for adult men and reported fracture outcomes.
PARTICIPANTS
Men.
MEASUREMENTS
PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library databases were searched for relevant studies. Information was extracted from included studies on participant sociodemographic characteristics, number of male participants, treatment evaluated, comparator for evaluated treatment, study duration, and fracture outcomes. Risk of bias of individual studies was assessed using measures recommended by the Cochrane Collaboration.
RESULTS
Twenty-four articles reporting results for 22 studies (including 4,868 male participants) met strict inclusion criteria. Fixed-effects meta-analyses using the Mantel-Haenszel method demonstrated significantly lower risk of vertebral fractures with alendronate (relative risk (RR) = 0.328, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.155-0.692) and risedronate (RR = 0.428, 95% CI = 0.245-0.746) but not with calcitonin (RR = 0.272, 95% CI = 0.046-1.608) or denosumab (RR = 0.256, 95% CI = 0.029-2.238) than in controls. For bisphosphonates as a treatment category, meta-analyses demonstrated significantly lower risk of vertebral fractures (RR = 0.368, 95% CI = 0.252-0.537) and nonvertebral fractures (RR = 0.604, 95% CI = 0.404-0.904) than in controls. The meta-analysis finding that bisphosphonates significantly reduce nonvertebral fracture risk was not robust to sensitivity analysis.
CONCLUSION
Bisphosphonates reduce the risk of vertebral and possibly nonvertebral fractures for men with osteoporosis. Further studies are needed to evaluate the efficacy of bisphosphonates for reducing nonvertebral fracture risk and the efficacy of nonbisphosphonates for reducing vertebral and nonvertebral fracture risk in men with osteoporosis.
Topics: Alendronate; Bone Density Conservation Agents; Calcitonin; Denosumab; Humans; Male; Osteoporosis; Osteoporotic Fractures; Risedronic Acid; Spinal Fractures
PubMed: 28304090
DOI: 10.1111/jgs.14668