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The British Journal of Nutrition Apr 2024Maternal diet influences breast milk nutritional profile; however, it is unclear which nutrients and contaminants are particularly responsive to short- and long-term... (Review)
Review
Maternal diet influences breast milk nutritional profile; however, it is unclear which nutrients and contaminants are particularly responsive to short- and long-term changes in maternal intake, and the impact of specific exclusion diets, such as vegan or vegetarian. This study systematically reviewed the literature on the effects of maternal nutrient intake, including exclusion diets, on both the nutrient and contaminant content of breast milk. The electronic databases, PubMed, CENTRAL, Web of Science and CINALH were systematically searched until 4 June 2023, with additionally searches of reference lists (PROSPERO, CRD42020221577). The quality of the studies was examined using Cochrane Risk of Bias tool and Newcastle-Ottawa scale. Eighty-eight studies ( 6577) met the search criteria. Due to high heterogeneity, meta-analysis was not possible. There was strong evidence of response to maternal intakes for DHA and EPA, vitamins A, E and K, iodine and Se in breast milk composition, some evidence of response for -linolenic acid, B vitamins, vitamin C and D, ovalbumin, tyrosine and contaminants, and insufficient evidence to identify the effects arachidonic acid, Cu, Fe, Zn and choline. The paucity of evidence and high heterogeneity among studies reflects the need for more high-quality trials. However, this review identified the importance of maternal intake in the nutritional content of breast milk for a wide range of nutrients and supports the recommendation for supplementation of DHA and vitamin B for those on restrictive diets.
Topics: Humans; Female; Milk, Human; Lactation; Vitamins; Diet; Eating
PubMed: 38053371
DOI: 10.1017/S0007114523002775 -
Acta Ophthalmologica Scandinavica Jun 1999Phakomatous choristoma is a rare congenital tumour of lenticular origin. The exact location at clinical presentation is controversial, but herein we provide evidence... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE
Phakomatous choristoma is a rare congenital tumour of lenticular origin. The exact location at clinical presentation is controversial, but herein we provide evidence that phakomatous choristoma may be located in the lower eyelid or orbit or both.
METHODS
Case report of an infant presenting with a mass in the lower eyelid at birth, a systematic review of previous cases of phakomatous choristoma and an outline of the histopathological features in normal mid-facial embryonic development at different gestational ages.
RESULTS
The histopathological features of the present case were consistent with those of a phakomatous choristoma. The preoperative imaging studies and clinical findings at surgery suggested that the tumour occupied parts of both the lower eyelid and anterior orbit. Histopathological sections of a normal human embryo showed that at the 26-mm stage of development the embryonic lens is formed but the bony walls defining the orbit are not yet present.
CONCLUSION
Phakomatous choristoma arises in a setting of undifferentiated mesenchymal tissue which later may develop into the lower eyelid or orbit depending on the choristomatous elements being deposited superficial or deep to the embryonic surface.
Topics: Avidin; Biomarkers; Biotin; Choristoma; Diagnosis, Differential; Eyelid Diseases; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Keratins; Lens, Crystalline; Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedures; Orbital Diseases; S100 Proteins; Vimentin
PubMed: 10406159
DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0420.1999.770320.x -
BMC Pulmonary Medicine Apr 2013There is little data on the effect of exercise on markers of airway inflammation in human asthmatics. The main objective of this review is to determine the effects of... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
There is little data on the effect of exercise on markers of airway inflammation in human asthmatics. The main objective of this review is to determine the effects of physical training on markers of airway inflammation in animal models of asthma.
METHODS
A peer reviewed search was applied to Medline, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane, and DARE databases. Data extraction was performed in a blinded fashion.
RESULTS
From the initial 2336 studies, a total of 10 studies were selected for the final analysis. All were randomized controlled trials with low to moderate intensity training on ovalbumin-sensitized mice. In the exercised group of mice, there was a reduction in BAL eosinophils and Th-2 cytokines, no change in Th-1 cytokines, an increase in IL-10, and a reversal of airway remodeling. The data was not pooled owing to significant heterogeneity between studies, and a funnel plot test for publication bias was not performed because there were few studies reporting on any one outcome measure. The asthma models differed between studies in age and gender of mice, as well as in timing of physical training after sensitization. The risk of bias was unclear for some studies though this may not influence outcome measures. The accuracy of data extracted from graphics is unknown.
CONCLUSIONS
Physical training improves airway inflammation in animal asthma models.
Topics: Animals; Asthma; Biomarkers; Cytokines; Disease Models, Animal; Female; Guinea Pigs; Immunoglobulin E; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Ovalbumin; Physical Conditioning, Animal; Pneumonia
PubMed: 23617952
DOI: 10.1186/1471-2466-13-24 -
Experimental Animals Mar 2020We performed a systematic review to identify and summarize the effects of distinctive aerobic exercise (AE) protocols on chronic allergic lung inflammation reported in...
We performed a systematic review to identify and summarize the effects of distinctive aerobic exercise (AE) protocols on chronic allergic lung inflammation reported in asthma animal models. We identified 255 preclinical studies of asthma and AE protocols by comprehensive searches in PubMed, ScienceDirect and LILACS for peer-reviewed journals, using the search components "exercise," "lung inflammation," and "asthma," without restrictions on publication date. Twenty-two studies were selected that met all eligibility criteria. Most studies used an ovalbumin experimental model and performed experiments with BALB/c mice. Most studies performed treadmill AE, using protocols of 30 to 60 minutes, 3 to 5 times/week, for 4 to 8 weeks. The results showed that the effects of AE on lungs were protocol dependent, but generaly, there was a decrease in inflammatory cell influx and Th2 cytokines, as well as an increase in anti-inflammatory defenses. However, the immunoregulation of globulins and nitric oxide levels in asthma seemed to be associated with the onset of AE. The results suggest that AE plays an important immunoregulatory role in animal models of asthma, with effects mainly mediated by increased anti-inflammatory defenses and reduced Th2 response. In parallel, prophylactic and therapeutic AE also played important roles in decreasing bronchial responsiveness and attenuating lung remodeling in animal models of asthma, secondary outcomes in this systematic review. The review protocol was published for free access in October 2017 on the Systematic Review Facility (SyRF) platform (http://syrf.org.uk/protocols/).
PubMed: 32201410
DOI: 10.1538/expanim.19-0140