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BMJ Clinical Evidence Jun 2011Erectile dysfunction may affect 30% to 50% of men aged 40 to 70 years, with age, smoking, and obesity being the main risk factors, although 20% of cases have... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Erectile dysfunction may affect 30% to 50% of men aged 40 to 70 years, with age, smoking, and obesity being the main risk factors, although 20% of cases have psychological causes.
METHODS AND OUTCOMES
We conducted a systematic review and aimed to answer the following clinical questions: What are the effects of phosphodiesterase inhibitors in men with erectile dysfunction of any cause? What are the effects of phosphodiesterase inhibitors on erectile dysfunction in men with diabetes, with cardiovascular disease, with spinal cord injury, and with prostate cancer or undergoing prostatectomy? What are the effects of drug treatments other than phosphodiesterase inhibitors in men with erectile dysfunction of any cause? What are the effects of devices, psychological/behavioural treatments, and alternative treatments in men with erectile dysfunction of any cause? We searched: Medline, Embase, The Cochrane Library, and other important databases up to August 2009 (Clinical Evidence reviews are updated periodically, please check our website for the most up-to-date version of this review). We included harms alerts from relevant organisations such as the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the UK Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA).
RESULTS
We found 81 systematic reviews, RCTs, or observational studies that met our inclusion criteria. We performed a GRADE evaluation of the quality of evidence for interventions.
CONCLUSIONS
In this systematic review we present information relating to the effectiveness and safety of the following interventions: alprostadil (intracavernosal, intraurethral, topical), cognitive behavioural therapy, ginseng, papaverine, papaverine plus phentolamine (bimix), papaverine plus phentolamine plus alprostadil (trimix), penile prostheses, phosphodiesterase inhibitors (sildenafil, tadalafil, vardenafil), psychosexual counselling, vacuum devices, and yohimbine.
Topics: Double-Blind Method; Erectile Dysfunction; Humans; Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors; Prostatectomy; Sildenafil Citrate; Tadalafil
PubMed: 21711956
DOI: No ID Found -
Phytotherapy Research : PTR Jul 2022Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which has a high mortality rate and transmissibility. In... (Review)
Review
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which has a high mortality rate and transmissibility. In this context, medicinal plants have attracted attention due to the wide availability and variety of therapeutic compounds, such as alkaloids, a vast class with several proven pharmacological effects, like the antiviral and anti-inflammatory activities. Therefore, this scoping review aimed to summarize the current knowledge of the potential applicability of alkaloids for treating COVID-19. A systematic search was performed on PubMed and Scopus, from database inception to August 2021. Among the 63 eligible studies, 65.07% were in silico model, 20.63% in vitro and 14.28% clinical trials and observational studies. According to the in silico assessments, the alkaloids 10-hydroxyusambarensine, cryptospirolepine, crambescidin 826, deoxynortryptoquivaline, ergotamine, michellamine B, nigellidine, norboldine and quinadoline B showed higher binding energy with more than two target proteins. The remaining studies showed potential use of berberine, cephaeline, emetine, homoharringtonine, lycorine, narciclasine, quinine, papaverine and colchicine. The possible ability of alkaloids to inhibit protein targets and to reduce inflammatory markers show the potential for development of new treatment strategies against COVID-19. However, more high quality analyses/reviews in this field are necessary to firmly establish the effectiveness/safety of the alkaloids here described.
Topics: Alkaloids; Antiviral Agents; Humans; SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19 Drug Treatment
PubMed: 35355337
DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7442 -
Minerva Anestesiologica Nov 2015Post-traumatic vasospasm (PTV) remains a poorly understood entity. Using a systematic review approach, we examined the incidence, mechanisms, risk factors, impact on... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Post-traumatic vasospasm (PTV) remains a poorly understood entity. Using a systematic review approach, we examined the incidence, mechanisms, risk factors, impact on outcome and potential therapies of PTV.
METHODS
A search on Medline database up to 2015 performed with "traumatic brain injury" and "vasospasm" key-words retrieved 429 references. This systematic review was reported and analysed following the PRISMA criteria and according to the relevance in human clinical practice.
RESULTS
The research retrieved 429 references of which 226 were excluded from analysis because of their irrelevance and 87 finally included in the review.
CONCLUSION
Mechanical stretching, inflammation, calcium dysregulation, endotelin, contractile proteins, products of cerebral metabolism and cortical spreading depolarization have been involved in PTV pathophysiology. PTV occurs in up to 30-40% of the patients after severe traumatic brain injury. Usually, PTV starts within the first 3 days following head trauma and may last 5 to 10 days. Young age, low Glasgow Coma Score at admission and subarachnoid hemorrhage have been identified as risk factors of PTV. Suspected on transcranial Doppler, PTV diagnosis is best confirmed by angiography, CT angiography or MR angiography, and perfusion and ischaemic consequences by perfusion CT or MRI. Early PTV is associated with poor outcome. No PTV prevention strategy has proved efficient up to now. Regarding PTV treatment, only nimodipine and intra-arterial papaverine have been studied up to now. Treatment with milrinone has been described in a few cases reports and may represent a new therapeutic option.
Topics: Brain Injuries, Traumatic; Humans; Vasospasm, Intracranial
PubMed: 26372114
DOI: No ID Found -
The Cochrane Database of Systematic... Oct 2012During aortic aneurysm surgery, cross-clamping can lead to inadequate blood supply to the spinal cord resulting in neurological deficit. Cerebrospinal fluid drainage... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
During aortic aneurysm surgery, cross-clamping can lead to inadequate blood supply to the spinal cord resulting in neurological deficit. Cerebrospinal fluid drainage (CSFD) may increase the perfusion pressure to the spinal cord and hence reduce the risk of ischaemic spinal cord injury.
OBJECTIVES
To determine the effect of CSFD during thoracic and thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm (TAAA) surgery on the risk of developing spinal cord injury.
SEARCH METHODS
For this update the Cochrane Peripheral Vascular Diseases Group Trials Search Co-ordinator searched the Specialised Register (last searched May 31 2012) and CENTRAL (2012, Issue 5) for publications describing randomised controlled trials of cerebrospinal fluid drainage for thoracic and thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm surgery. Reference lists of relevant articles were checked.
SELECTION CRITERIA
Randomised trials involving CSFD during thoracic and TAAA surgery.
DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
Both authors assessed the quality of trials independently. SNK extracted data and GS verified the data.
MAIN RESULTS
Three trials with a total of 287 participants operated on for Type I or II TAAA were included.In the first trial of 98 participants, neurological deficits in the lower extremities occurred in 14 (30%) of CSFD group and 17 (33%) controls. The deficit was observed within 24 hours of the operation in 21 (68%), and from three to 22 days in 10 (32%) participants. CSFD did not have a significant benefit in preventing ischaemic injury to the spinal cord.The second trial of 33 participants used a combination of CSFD and intrathecal papaverine. It showed a statistically significant reduction in the rate of postoperative neurological deficit (P = 0.039), compared to controls. Analysis was undertaken after only one third of the estimated sample size had entered the trial.In the third trial TAAA repair was performed on 145 participants. CSFD was initiated during the operation and continued for 48 hours after surgery. Paraplegia or paraparesis occurred in 9 of 74 participants (12.2%) in the control group versus 2 of 82 participants (2.7%) receiving CSFD (P = 0.03). Overall, CSFD resulted in an 80% reduction in the relative risk of postoperative deficits. Meta-analysis showed an odds ratio (OR) of 0.48 (95 % confidence interval (CI) 0.25 to 0.92). For CSFD-only trials, OR was 0.57 (95% CI 0.28 to 1.17) and for intention-to-treat analysis in CSFD-only studies, the OR remained unchanged.
AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS
There are limited data supporting the role of CSFD in thoracic and thoracoabdominal aneurysm surgery for prevention of neurological injury. Further clinical and experimental studies are indicated.
Topics: Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal; Aortic Aneurysm, Thoracic; Cerebrospinal Fluid; Cerebrospinal Fluid Pressure; Drainage; Humans; Ischemia; Papaverine; Paraparesis; Paraplegia; Postoperative Complications; Spinal Cord; Vasodilator Agents
PubMed: 23076900
DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD003635.pub3 -
Sexual Medicine Reviews Jul 2016Despite improvements in the care of patients after spinal cord injury (SCI), permanent impairment of locomotion, sensation, and autonomic function remains a major... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
INTRODUCTION
Despite improvements in the care of patients after spinal cord injury (SCI), permanent impairment of locomotion, sensation, and autonomic function remains a major hurdle. After the acute stage of injury, recovering sexual function is a high priority.
AIM
To review the efficacy of intracavernous injections (ICIs) in men with SCI and to identify prognostic factors affecting the efficacy of ICIs in this population.
METHODS
Systematic review of the literature was conducted using the PubMed-Medline, Embase, EBSCO, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases. The literature search was restricted to articles published in English, French, and Spanish up to November 2014 using the key words alprostadil, papaverine, moxisylite, alpha-blocking agent, phentolamine, intracavernous injection, spinal cord injuries, paraplegia, quadriplegia, and erectile dysfunction. Studies involving patients with SCI and erectile dysfunction treated with ICIs of alprostadil, papaverine, and α-blocking agents, including retrospective and prospective cohorts, population studies, and randomized controlled trials, were included.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE
Overall response rate to ICI for erectile dysfunction in patients with SCI.
RESULTS
Of 283 studies identified, 23 involved 713 patients with SCI. ICIs resulted in successful erections in 88% of patients (n = 713, 95% CI = 83%-92%). Erections were obtained in 93% of patients (n = 101, 95% CI = 83%-99%) with the combination of papaverine and phentolamine, in 91% (n = 274, 95% CI = 78%-97%) with papaverine alone, and in 80% (n = 119, 95% CI = 64%-90%) with alprostadil. Type of injected drug, doses, level of injury (complete or incomplete), extent of injury, age, time since injury, and persistence or transience of erections were evaluated, but statistical analysis could not identify specific factors predictive of a response to ICI.
CONCLUSION
ICIs are an effective treatment of erectile dysfunction in men with SCI. No predictive factor for efficacy could be identified. Studies comparing the response to ICI in upper vs lower motor neuron lesions could improve our understanding of ICI failure.
Topics: Alprostadil; Erectile Dysfunction; Humans; Male; Moxisylyte; Papaverine; Penile Erection; Prospective Studies; Retrospective Studies; Spinal Cord Injuries; Vasodilator Agents
PubMed: 27871959
DOI: 10.1016/j.sxmr.2016.02.005 -
World Journal of Cardiology Jun 2020Cardiac catheterization is among the most performed medical procedures in the modern era. There were sporadic reports indicating that cardiac arrhythmias are common...
BACKGROUND
Cardiac catheterization is among the most performed medical procedures in the modern era. There were sporadic reports indicating that cardiac arrhythmias are common during cardiac catheterization, and there are risks of developing serious and potentially life-threatening arrhythmias, such as sustained ventricular tachycardia (VT), ventricular fibrillation (VF) and high-grade conduction disturbances such as complete heart block (CHB), requiring immediate interventions. However, there is lack of systematic overview of these conditions.
AIM
To systematically review existing literature and gain better understanding of the incidence of cardiac arrhythmias during cardiac catheterization, and their impact on outcomes, as well as potential approaches to minimize this risk.
METHODS
We applied a combination of terms potentially used in reports describing various cardiac arrhythmias during common cardiac catheterization procedures to systematically search PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane databases, as well as references of full-length articles.
RESULTS
During right heart catheterization (RHC), the incidence of atrial arrhythmias (premature atrial complexes, atrial fibrillation and flutter) was low (< 1%); these arrhythmias were usually transient and self-limited. RHC associated with the development of a new RBBB at a rate of 0.1%-0.3% in individuals with normal conduction system but up to 6.3% in individuals with pre-existing left bundle branch block. These patients may require temporary pacing due to transient CHB. Isolated premature ventricular complexes or non-sustained VT are common during RHC (up to 20% of cases). Sustained ventricular arrhythmias (VT and/or VF) requiring either withdrawal of catheter or cardioversion occurred infrequently (1%-1.3%). During left heart catheterizations (LHC), the incidence of ventricular arrhythmias has declined significantly over the last few decades, from 1.1% historically to 0.1% currently. The overall reported rate of VT/VF in diagnostic LHC and coronary angiography is 0.8%. The risk of VT/VF was higher during percutaneous coronary interventions for stable coronary artery disease (1.1%) and even higher for patients with acute myocardial infarctions (4.1%-4.3%). Intravenous adenosine and papaverine bolus for fractional flow reserve measurement, as well as intracoronary imaging using optical coherence tomography have been reported to induce VF. Although uncommon, LHC and coronary angiography were also reported to induce conduction disturbances including CHB.
CONCLUSION
Cardiac arrhythmias are common and potentially serious complications of cardiac catheterization procedures, and it demands constant vigilance and readiness to intervene during procedures.
PubMed: 32774779
DOI: 10.4330/wjc.v12.i6.269 -
Journal of Cardiothoracic Surgery Dec 2021Internal thoracic arteries (ITAs) are the gold standard conduits for coronary revascularization because of their long-term patency and anti-atherosclerotic properties.... (Review)
Review
Internal thoracic arteries (ITAs) are the gold standard conduits for coronary revascularization because of their long-term patency and anti-atherosclerotic properties. Harvesting and preparation of ITAs for revascularization is a technically demanding procedure with multiple challenges. Over the last few decades, various methods and techniques for ITAs harvesting have been introduced by different surgeons and applied in clinical practice with different results. Harvesting of ITAs in pedicled or skeletonized fashion, with electrocautery or harmonic scalpel, with open or intact pleura, with clipping the end or keeping it perfused; papaverine delivery with intraluminal injection, perivascular injection, injecting into endothoracic fascia, and papaverine topical spray are the different techniques introduced by the number of researchers. At the same time, access to the ITAs for harvesting has also been studied. Access and harvesting through median sternotomy, mini anterolateral thoracotomy, thoracoscopic, and robotic-assisted harvesting of ITAs are the different techniques used in clinical practice. However, the single standard method for harvesting and preparation of ITAs has yet to be determined. In this review article, we aimed to discuss and analyze all these techniques of harvesting and preparing ITAs with the help of literature to find the best way for ITAs harvesting and preparation for myocardial revascularization.
Topics: Humans; Mammary Arteries; Myocardial Revascularization; Papaverine; Thoracotomy; Tissue and Organ Harvesting
PubMed: 34961523
DOI: 10.1186/s13019-021-01733-2