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Journal of Affective Disorders Jul 2022Parent-only interventions for childhood anxiety may be an important alternative to resource and time intensive child-focused cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT). This... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Parent-only interventions for childhood anxiety may be an important alternative to resource and time intensive child-focused cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT). This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to investigate the efficacy of parent-only interventions in reducing symptoms of anxiety disorders in school-aged children.
METHODS
A systematic search of five databases (inception to March 2021) identified 29 eligible studies. A range of study designs were captured, including randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and case series. A narrative synthesis was conducted. Random effects meta-analyses were performed on parent- and child-reported outcomes and pre-test post-test effect sizes were calculated for uncontrolled studies.
RESULTS
Findings indicated a significant treatment effect for parent-only interventions compared to waitlist controls. No significant differences were found when comparing parent-only interventions with other active interventions; anxiety symptoms reduced in both conditions. No significant treatment effects were found for child-rated outcomes. Calculated effect sizes for uncontrolled studies were typically large, although sample sizes were small. No clear evidence was found for a superior type, duration or format of intervention.
LIMITATIONS
The methodological quality of many studies in this review (19/29) was rated 'weak'. Only English language papers were included.
CONCLUSIONS
To date, this is the first systematic review and meta-analysis of the efficacy of parent-only interventions for reducing symptoms of child anxiety disorders. Our results suggest that parent-only interventions may be effective in reducing child anxiety. These findings are important for clinical practice because they suggest that efficient, low intensity interventions delivered to parents may lead to positive outcomes for children.
Topics: Anxiety; Anxiety Disorders; Child; Child Behavior Disorders; Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; Humans; Parents; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
PubMed: 35460744
DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.04.082 -
Journal of Pediatric Psychology Sep 2014To quantify the effects of parent- and family-based psychological therapies for youth with common chronic medical conditions on parent and family outcomes (primary aim)... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
OBJECTIVE
To quantify the effects of parent- and family-based psychological therapies for youth with common chronic medical conditions on parent and family outcomes (primary aim) and child outcomes (secondary aim).
METHODS
MEDLINE, EMBASE, and PsycINFO were searched from inception to April 2013. 37 randomized controlled trials were included. Quality of the evidence was evaluated using GRADE criteria. Data were extracted on parent, family, and child outcomes.
RESULTS
Pooled psychological therapies had a positive effect on parent behavior at posttreatment and follow-up; no significant improvement was observed for other outcome domains. Problem-solving therapy (PST) improved parent mental health and parent behavior at posttreatment and follow-up. There was insufficient evidence to evaluate cognitive-behavioral and systems therapies for many outcome domains.
CONCLUSIONS
Parent- and family-based psychological therapies can improve parent outcomes, with PST emerging as particularly promising. Future research should incorporate consensus statements for outcomes assessment, multisite recruitment, and active comparator conditions.
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Chronic Disease; Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; Family Therapy; Humans; Parents; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 24881048
DOI: 10.1093/jpepsy/jsu032 -
The International Journal of Behavioral... May 2013During the last decade, there has been a rapid increase in development of instruments to measure parent food practices. Because these instruments often measure different... (Review)
Review
During the last decade, there has been a rapid increase in development of instruments to measure parent food practices. Because these instruments often measure different constructs, or define common constructs differently, an evaluation of these instruments is needed. A systematic review of the literature was conducted to identify existing measures of parent food practices and to assess the quality of their development. The initial search used terms capturing home environment, parenting behaviors, feeding practices and eating behaviors, and was performed in October of 2009 using PubMed/Medline, PsychInfo, Web of knowledge (ISI), and ERIC, and updated in July of 2012. A review of titles and abstracts was used to narrow results, after which full articles were retrieved and reviewed. Only articles describing development of measures of parenting food practices designed for families with children 2-12 years old were retained for the current review. For each article, two reviewers extracted data and appraised the quality of processes used for instrument development and evaluation. The initial search yielded 28,378 unique titles; review of titles and abstracts narrowed the pool to 1,352 articles; from which 57 unique instruments were identified. The review update yielded 1,772 new titles from which14 additional instruments were identified. The extraction and appraisal process found that 49% of instruments clearly identified and defined concepts to be measured, and 46% used theory to guide instrument development. Most instruments (80%) had some reliability testing, with internal consistency being the most common (79%). Test-retest or inter-rater reliability was reported for less than half the instruments. Some form of validity evidence was reported for 84% of instruments. Construct validity was most commonly presented (86%), usually with analysis of associations with child diet or weight/BMI. While many measures of food parenting practices have emerged, particularly in recent years, few have demonstrated solid development methods. Substantial variation in items across different scales/constructs makes comparison between instruments extremely difficult. Future efforts should be directed toward consensus development of food parenting practices constructs and measures.
Topics: Child; Child Rearing; Diet; Family Relations; Feeding Behavior; Humans; Parenting; Parents; Reproducibility of Results; Surveys and Questionnaires; Validation Studies as Topic
PubMed: 23688157
DOI: 10.1186/1479-5868-10-61 -
Clinical Child and Family Psychology... Sep 2023Infants can acquire fears vicariously by observing parents' fearful reactions to novel stimuli in everyday situations (i.e., modeling). To date, no systematic or... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Infants can acquire fears vicariously by observing parents' fearful reactions to novel stimuli in everyday situations (i.e., modeling). To date, no systematic or meta-analytic review examined the role of modeling in parent-child transmission of fear and avoidance in early life. In our systematic review and meta-analysis, we aimed to investigate the effect of modeling parents' fearful reactions on infants' acquisition of fear and avoidance of novel stimuli and explore the moderation of this effect by child behavioral inhibition (BI) and parent trait anxiety. The search conducted in Web Of Science, Pubmed, Embase, and PsycINFO revealed 23 eligible studies for the systematic review and 19 for the meta-analysis. Eligible studies included published studies that measured infant fear and avoidance (infants aged up to 30 months) of novel stimuli following exposure to parental fearful expressions. Meta-analysis findings revealed a significant causal effect of modeling of parental fear on infants' fear [g = .44] and avoidance of novel stimuli [g = .44]. The findings support moderation by child BI on infant avoidance (not fear) acquisition, with the effects being larger for infants with higher BI. However, this moderation was only found, when including both experimental and correlational studies (p > .05), but not when exclusively including experimental studies (p = .17). This meta-analysis provides support for early parent-to-offspring fear transmission: a causal small to medium effect of parents' fearful reactions was shown on infants' fear and avoidance of novel stimuli. Elucidating parent-to-offspring anxiety transmission pathways can inform us about potential fear reduction and prevention strategies.
Topics: Infant; Humans; Anxiety; Parents; Anxiety Disorders; Inhibition, Psychological
PubMed: 37500947
DOI: 10.1007/s10567-023-00448-1 -
Ethiopian Journal of Health Sciences Sep 2020Adolescent-parent sexual communication is an effective strategy to make healthy decisions, delay and protect from risky behavior. Thus, this systematic review and... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
UNLABELLED
Adolescent-parent sexual communication is an effective strategy to make healthy decisions, delay and protect from risky behavior. Thus, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to synthesize and estimate the level of adolescent- parent communication on sexual and reproductive health issues in Ethiopia.
METHODS
Cross-sectional studies were systematically searched using databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library and gray literature. Information was extracted using a standardized form of JBI. Data were analyzed using the 'meta' packages of the Stata software (version 11.0). I-squared statistic was applied to check the heterogeneity of studies. Funnel plot and Egger's test were used to check for publication bias. P-value <0.05 on the Egger test was considered indicative of statistically significant publication bias.
RESULTS
A total of 359 articles were identified, of which 19 were eligible for meta-analysis. Adolescent-parent communications on SRH issues were significantly reported within the range of 25.3% to 36.9% and more preferred to discuss with their friends. The overall pooled level of adolescent parent communication was 40.70 (95%CI: 34.26-47.15). Adolescents who lived in urban areas, having good knowledge of SRH issues, adolescents who agreed on the importance of discussion and adolescents who ever had sexual intercourse were more likely to discuss SRH issues with their parents.
CONCLUSION
The overall pooled level of adolescent-parent communication was 40.70%, and also adolescent-parent communications were dominantly reported with the ranges of 25.3% to 36.9%. Being urban dweller, being knowledgeable, and being agreed on the importance of discussion were significantly associated with adolescent-parent communication. Cultural taboo, shame and lack of communication skills were reasons that hindered communication between parents and adolescents. Therefore, program implementers should work to increase adolescent-parent communication.
Topics: Adolescent; Communication; Cross-Sectional Studies; Ethiopia; Humans; Parents; Reproductive Health
PubMed: 33911844
DOI: 10.4314/ejhs.v30i5.22 -
Academic Pediatrics 2013Low health literacy in parents can potentially impact understanding of a child's diagnosis and treatment course. No reviews have addressed parent health literacy in the... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Low health literacy in parents can potentially impact understanding of a child's diagnosis and treatment course. No reviews have addressed parent health literacy in the emergency department (ED), the relationship between parent health literacy and child ED utilization, or the impact of low literacy interventions on child ED utilization.
OBJECTIVE
To systematically evaluate the peer-reviewed literature pertaining to parental health literacy and ED utilization. The following key questions were addressed: question (Q) 1) What is the prevalence of low health literacy, as estimated by validated health literacy measures, of parents in the ED? Q2) Is parent low health literacy related to ED use for children? Q3) Do low literacy interventions targeting parents likely to have low health literacy affect ED use for children?
DATA SOURCES
The authors reviewed 483 unduplicated titles and abstracts published between 1980 and May 2012 using PubMed and CINAHL, with 117 retained for full review and 17 included in the final analytic review.
STUDY ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA, PARTICIPANTS, AND INTERVENTIONS
All included articles had a valid measure of parent health literacy and a Q1) descriptive measurement of the population, Q2) ED utilization, or Q3) utilized a low literacy educational intervention.
STUDY APPRAISAL AND SYNTHESIS METHODS
One author extracted data verified by a second author. Studies were rated for quality by both authors.
RESULTS
Q1) A median of 30% (interquartile range 22-36%) of parents in the ED possesses low health literacy. Q2) Studies investigating the relationship between health literacy and ED yielded mixed results. Q3) Seven of 8 low literacy interventions were associated with a reduction in ED use. Random effects pooled odds ratios from 6 studies showed intervention effectiveness (odds ratio 0.35; 95% CI 0.15-0.81).
LIMITATIONS
No intervention studies measured health literacy, limiting the ability to determine whether the low literacy intervention targeted health literacy.
CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS OF KEY FINDINGS
Roughly 1 in 3 parents of children presenting to the ED have low health literacy. Importantly, interventions targeting parents likely to have low health literacy have an impact in reducing ED utilization.
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Child, Preschool; Emergency Service, Hospital; Health Literacy; Humans; Infant; Parents; Pediatrics
PubMed: 23680294
DOI: 10.1016/j.acap.2013.03.001 -
Nursing Open Aug 2023Our aim is to clarify the concept of paternal perinatal depression including its definition, attributes, antecedents and consequences. (Review)
Review
AIM
Our aim is to clarify the concept of paternal perinatal depression including its definition, attributes, antecedents and consequences.
DESIGN
A concept analysis.
METHODS
To obtain relevant evidence, several databases were searched systematically including PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, CINAHL, PsycINFO and the Cochrane Library. Qualitative or quantitative articles published in English that focused on paternal perinatal depression were included. After the literature quality assessment, Walker and Avant's concept analysis strategy was used.
RESULTS
Five defining attributes (i.e. symptoms occur during the partner's pregnancy or 1-year postpartum and last at least 2 weeks, emotional symptoms, somatic symptoms, negative parenting behaviours and 'masked' symptoms), four antecedents (i.e. personal issues, pregnancy-related issues, infant-related issues, social issues) and three consequences (i.e. offspring outcomes, marital relationship, maternal negative emotions) were identified.
Topics: Female; Humans; Infant; Male; Pregnancy; Depression; Depressive Disorder; Fathers; Parenting; Postpartum Period
PubMed: 37147794
DOI: 10.1002/nop2.1797 -
Clinical Child and Family Psychology... Jun 2023The consequences of Serious Mental Illness (SMI) on parent and child outcomes can be profound. Supporting parents to manage their caregiving roles alongside parental SMI... (Review)
Review
The consequences of Serious Mental Illness (SMI) on parent and child outcomes can be profound. Supporting parents to manage their caregiving roles alongside parental SMI successfully has been recognised as a public health priority. To meet this priority and develop effective and acceptable interventions, it is imperative that parents' experiences and support needs are understood. This systematic review aimed to synthesise qualitative research that explored parents' experiences and perceptions of the impact of SMI on their parenting and their corresponding support needs. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis guidelines were followed. Five databases were searched for terms associated with SMI, parenting, and qualitative research. Twenty-nine studies involving 562 parents who experienced SMI met inclusion criteria, and the methodological quality of included studies was appraised using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme. After findings were synthesised using thematic synthesis, six themes were identified: (1) The constrained parent, (2) parenting difficulties, (3) the strained child, (4) inescapable threat, (5) combatting threat, and (6) wrap-around support needs. Novel insights into the centrality of SMI-related parenting difficulties and threat perceptions across parent, family, healthcare, and wider social systems on strained parent-child and distanced parent-support relationships were highlighted. Systemic practice change initiatives via compassionate and inclusive system-wide support were recommended.
Topics: Humans; Parenting; Parents; Qualitative Research; Mental Disorders
PubMed: 36807250
DOI: 10.1007/s10567-023-00427-6 -
Sleep Medicine Reviews Feb 2022Night-waking is typical across infancy and early childhood, inevitably disrupting family sleep. For some children, sleep problems develop and endure throughout... (Review)
Review
Night-waking is typical across infancy and early childhood, inevitably disrupting family sleep. For some children, sleep problems develop and endure throughout childhood. This systematic review focused on fathers, and synthesised the evidence pertaining to the effects of children's sleep (from birth to 12 years) on fathers' health and wellbeing. A total of 29 studies were included. Key outcomes reported for fathers were: sleep and fatigue; mental and general health; and family functioning. An association between child sleep and father's sleep was observed when child's sleep was measured via actigraphy or paternal report, but not when measured via maternal report, suggesting that mothers may not always be aware of disruptions that awaken fathers. Findings showed poorer child sleep was associated with poorer general health and wellbeing among fathers, however, associations of poor child sleep with depression were fewer, and less frequent than those reported for mothers in the same households. Poor child sleep was negatively associated with the quality of family relationships, both within the couple and between parent and child. Future studies seeking to understand the interplay of child sleep and family wellbeing should apply objective measurement of sleep and integrate formal measures of family dynamics into the study design.
Topics: Child; Child, Preschool; Fathers; Female; Humans; Male; Mothers; Parents; Sleep; Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders
PubMed: 34896729
DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2021.101570 -
The Journal of Adolescent Health :... Jan 2022Parents do not always seek timely help for adolescents when the need arises. Although interventions to increase parental help-seeking have been evaluated and published,... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE
Parents do not always seek timely help for adolescents when the need arises. Although interventions to increase parental help-seeking have been evaluated and published, no systematic review of these interventions has been conducted. The aim of this systematic review is to collate, synthesise, and evaluate research on help-seeking interventions for parents of adolescents.
METHODS
Six electronic databases were searched from inception to May 2020 using terms related to the concepts of "parent" and "help-seeking" and focusing on parents of adolescents (aged 10-19 years). Methodological quality was assessed using the Quality Assessment Tool for Quantitative Studies; the Behavioural Change Taxonomy was used to code behavioral change techniques, and "promising interventions" were identified using pre-established criteria.
RESULTS
Eighteen studies met inclusion criteria, with six rated strong for design and methodology. The most frequently identified Behavioural Change Taxonomies included a credible source delivering the intervention, supporting parents, and providing prompts/cues regarding services/appointments. Four interventions were identified as "promising" because of strong methodology, significant positive outcomes, and strong evidence-base.
CONCLUSIONS
More high-quality, theory-driven parental help-seeking interventions using common outcome measures are needed to advance the literature in this area. Future research should replicate the promising interventions identified to develop best practice guidelines.
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Help-Seeking Behavior; Humans; Parents; Young Adult
PubMed: 34462191
DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2021.07.004