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BMC Public Health Feb 2016Despite the crucial need to develop targeted and effective approaches for obesity prevention in children most at risk, the pathways explaining socioeconomic disparity in... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Despite the crucial need to develop targeted and effective approaches for obesity prevention in children most at risk, the pathways explaining socioeconomic disparity in children's obesity prevalence remain poorly understood.
METHODS
We conducted a systematic review of the literature that investigated causes of weight gain in children aged 0-5 years from socioeconomically disadvantaged or Indigenous backgrounds residing in OECD countries. Major electronic databases were searched from inception until December 2015. Key words identified studies addressing relationships between parenting, child eating, child physical activity or sedentary behaviour and child weight in disadvantaged samples.
RESULTS
A total of 32 articles met the inclusion criteria. The Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool quality rating for the studies ranged from 25 % (weak) to 100 % (strong). Studies predominantly reported on relationships between parenting and child weight (n = 21), or parenting and child eating (n = 12), with fewer (n = 8) investigating child eating and weight. Most evidence was from socio-economically disadvantaged ethnic minority groups in the USA. Clustering of diet, weight and feeding behaviours by socioeconomic indicators and ethnicity precluded identification of independent effects of each of these risk factors.
CONCLUSIONS
This review has highlighted significant gaps in our mechanistic understanding of the relative importance of different aspects of parent and child behaviours in disadvantaged population groups.
Topics: Body Weight; Child Behavior; Child, Preschool; Diet; Exercise; Feeding Behavior; Humans; Infant; Narration; Overweight; Parenting; Parents; Pediatric Obesity; Risk Factors; Sedentary Behavior; Socioeconomic Factors; Vulnerable Populations; Weight Gain
PubMed: 26875107
DOI: 10.1186/s12889-016-2801-y -
Palliative Medicine Feb 2023An estimated 21 million children worldwide would benefit from palliative care input and over 7 million die each year. For parents of these children this is an intensely... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
An estimated 21 million children worldwide would benefit from palliative care input and over 7 million die each year. For parents of these children this is an intensely emotional and painful time through which they will need support. There is a lack of synthesised research about how parents experience the care delivered to their child at the end of life.
AIM
To systematically identify and synthesise qualitative research on parents' experiences of end-of-life care of their child.
DESIGN
A qualitative evidence synthesis was conducted. The review protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42021242946).
DATA SOURCES
MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycINFO and Web of Science databases were searched for qualitative studies published post-2000 to April 2020. Studies were appraised for methodological quality and data richness. Confidence in findings was assessed by GRADE-CERQual.
RESULTS
About 95 studies met the eligibility criteria. A purposive sample of 25 studies was taken, of good-quality papers with rich data describing the experience of over 470 parents. There were two overarching themes: parents of children receiving end-of-life care experienced a profound need to fulfil the parental role; and care of the parent. Subthemes included establishing their role, maintaining identity, ultimate responsibility, reconstructing the parental role, and continuing parenting after death.
CONCLUSIONS
Services delivering end-of-life care for children need to recognise the importance for parents of being able to fulfil their parental role and consider how they enable this. What the parental role consists of, and how it's expressed, differs for individuals. Guidance should acknowledge the need to enable parents to parent at their child's end of life.
Topics: Child; Humans; Parents; Terminal Care; Hospice Care; Palliative Care; Qualitative Research; Death
PubMed: 36546591
DOI: 10.1177/02692163221144084 -
Developmental Medicine and Child... Sep 2015Preschool feeding disorders are common and debilitating and are associated with a range of developmental and medical issues. Parent report allows assessment of feeding... (Review)
Review
AIM
Preschool feeding disorders are common and debilitating and are associated with a range of developmental and medical issues. Parent report allows assessment of feeding in a naturalistic environment over time, with advantages over time-limited, clinic-based observations. However, little is understood about the limitations and advantages of current parent-report measures. We aimed to systematically review the psychometrics and clinometrics of parent-administered feeding questionnaires.
METHOD
Five search engines were used to identify questionnaires that met inclusion criteria, i.e. being norm-or criterion-referenced, child focused, appropriate for preschool children, and measured two or more feeding domains (e.g. dysphagia/oral motor delay, food refusal).
RESULTS
In total 3535 abstracts were identified and 215 full-text articles were evaluated. Five questionnaires met the criteria. The Behavioral Pediatrics Feeding Assessment Scale (BPFAS) was the most reliable questionnaire identified, with good test-retest reliability and internal consistency. More predictive and concurrent validity data was available for the BPFAS, the Mealtime Behavior Questionnaire, and the Montreal Children's Hospital Feeding Scale than for other measures.
INTERPRETATION
Further research is needed on the psychometric properties of feeding questionnaires used in research and clinical practice. To date, the BPFAS has the most comprehensive reliability and validity data of any parent-administered feeding questionnaire for preschool children.
Topics: Child, Preschool; Databases, Factual; Feeding and Eating Disorders; Humans; Meta-Analysis as Topic; Parent-Child Relations; Parents; Psychometrics; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 25809003
DOI: 10.1111/dmcn.12748 -
Behaviour Research and Therapy Jul 2016Postnatal depression (PND) confers risk for a range of negative child developmental outcomes, at least in part through its impact on parenting behaviour. Whilst the... (Review)
Review
Postnatal depression (PND) confers risk for a range of negative child developmental outcomes, at least in part through its impact on parenting behaviour. Whilst the behavioural effects of depression on parenting are well established, the cognitive mechanisms that may mediate this effect are less well understood. The current paper proposes that rumination may be a key cognitive mechanism through which parenting is affected in PND, and provides a systematic review of the existing literature on rumination in the context of perinatal depression. The review identifies ten relevant papers. Eight are questionnaire-based studies examining the role of rumination in predicting future depression and/or mother-infant relationship outcomes, such as bonding. Two are experimental studies examining the effects of induced rumination on parenting behaviours. The results of the review are discussed, and remaining questions highlighted. We then present a new theoretical model, developed specifically for the perinatal context, and informed by existing models of rumination and worry. Our cognitive model emphasises the relationship between rumination, cognitive biases and cognitive control, and the impact of these variables on infant cue processing and subsequent parenting responses. The model provides a potential framework for future work in this area, and to guide the development of treatment interventions.
Topics: Depression, Postpartum; Female; Humans; Models, Psychological; Mother-Child Relations; Parenting; Thinking
PubMed: 27203622
DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2016.05.003 -
Infant Behavior & Development Feb 2017A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCT) was conducted to determine whether early interventions are effective in improving attachment... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCT) was conducted to determine whether early interventions are effective in improving attachment security and parental sensitivity. Electronic databases were searched 2002-2015 onwards, All RCTs delivered to mothers, fathers or carers, before their child's mean age was 36 months, via 1:1 support, group work or guided self-help were included. The search was restricted to English Language publications. Study Selection, data extraction and quality appraisal were independently undertaken by two authors. With regard to analysis, where appropriate, dichotomous data were pooled using the Mantel- Haenszel odds ratio method and for continuous data descriptive statistics were collected in order to calculate standardized mean differences and effect sizes. Four studies met inclusion criteria and were divided into two groups: North American & Canadian and South African based studies. Combining data from both groups indicates that early interventions improve attachment security and improves rates of disorganized attachment. One study provided extractable data on the outcome of parental sensitivity which shows that early interventions were effective in improving maternal sensitivity at 6 and 12 months. Study results generally support the findings of a previous review (Bakermans-Kranenburg et al., 2003) which found that early interventions improved attachment security and maternal sensitivity.
Topics: Child Development; Child, Preschool; Fathers; Female; Humans; Male; Maternal Behavior; Mothers; Object Attachment; Parent-Child Relations; Parents; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
PubMed: 27870988
DOI: 10.1016/j.infbeh.2016.10.006 -
Journal of Pediatric Psychology Jul 2017To conduct a systematic review of the interrelationships between children's coping responses, children's coping outcomes, and parent variables during needle-related... (Review)
Review
Systematic Review: A Systematic Review of the Interrelationships Among Children's Coping Responses, Children's Coping Outcomes, and Parent Cognitive-Affective, Behavioral, and Contextual Variables in the Needle-Related Procedures Context.
To conduct a systematic review of the interrelationships between children's coping responses, children's coping outcomes, and parent variables during needle-related procedures. A systematic literature search was conducted. It was required that the study examined a painful needle-related procedure in children from 3 to 12 years of age, and included a children's coping response, a children's coping outcome, and a parent variable. In all, 6,081 articles were retrieved to review against inclusion criteria. Twenty studies were included. Parent coping-promoting behaviors and distress-promoting behaviors enacted in combination are the most consistent predictors of optimal children's coping responses, and less optimal children's coping outcomes, respectively. Additional key findings are presented. Children's coping with needle-related procedures is a complex process involving a variety of different dimensions that interact in unison. Parents play an important role in this process. Future researchers are encouraged to disentangle coping responses from coping outcomes when exploring this dynamic process.
Topics: Adaptation, Psychological; Affect; Child; Child Behavior; Child, Preschool; Cognition; Humans; Maternal Behavior; Needles; Pain; Parent-Child Relations; Parents; Paternal Behavior; Psychology, Child
PubMed: 28340190
DOI: 10.1093/jpepsy/jsx054 -
International Journal of Environmental... Feb 2022Supporting parents through the delivery of evidence-based parenting interventions (EBPI) is a way of promoting children's rights, given the known benefits to child... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Supporting parents through the delivery of evidence-based parenting interventions (EBPI) is a way of promoting children's rights, given the known benefits to child development and family wellbeing. Group Triple P (GTP) is an EBPI suitable for parents of children aged 2-12 years, who experience parenting difficulties, and/or child behavior problems. Even though GTP has been intensively studied, information lacks on the magnitude of its effects, considering the risk of bias within and across prior research. To address this, a systematic review and meta-analysis (PROSPERO registration CRD42019085360) to evaluate the effects of GTP on child and parent outcomes at short- and longer-term was performed. Through a systematic search of a set of databases, 737 research papers were identified, and 11 trials were selected. The risk of bias within and across studies was evaluated. Significant positive effects of GTP were found immediately after the intervention for child behavior problems, dysfunctional parenting practices, parenting sense of competence, psychological adjustment, parental stress levels, conflict, and relationship quality. Six months after the intervention, positive effects were found only for child behavior problems. Data suggest that GTP might be an effective EBPI leading to positive family outcomes. Substantial risk of bias was found, highlighting the importance of improving the quality of research.
Topics: Adaptation, Psychological; Child; Child Development; Child Rearing; Child, Preschool; Humans; Parenting; Problem Behavior
PubMed: 35206299
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19042113 -
BMJ Open Apr 2019To understand family and parent perspectives on newborn care provided at home to infants in the first 28 days of life, in order to inform behavioural interventions for...
OBJECTIVES
To understand family and parent perspectives on newborn care provided at home to infants in the first 28 days of life, in order to inform behavioural interventions for improving care in low-income countries, where the majority of newborn deaths occur.
DESIGN
A comprehensive, qualitative systematic review was conducted. MEDLINE/PubMed, Embase and Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health databases were systematically searched for studies examining the views of parents and family members on newborn care at home. The search period included all studies published from 2006 to 2017. Studies using qualitative approaches or mixed-methods studies with substantial use of qualitative techniques in both the methods and analysis sections were included. Studies meeting the inclusion criteria were extracted and evaluated using Critical Appraisal Skills Programme guidelines. Following the initial selection and appraisal, barriers and facilitators to recommended care practices across several domains were synthesised.
RESULTS
Of 411 results retrieved, 37 met both inclusion and quality appraisal criteria for methodology and reporting. Geographical representation largely reflected that of newborn health outcomes globally, with the majority of studies conducted in the region of Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia. Specific barriers and facilitators were identified among a range of domains including: cord care, drying and wrapping, thermal control, skin to skin contact, hygiene, breast feeding, care-seeking for illness, and low birthweight recognition. Cross cutting facilitators, common to all domains were evident and includeddelivery at a health facility, inclusion of female relatives in care counselling, lower healthcare costs, and exposure to newborn care behaviour change messaging in the community.
CONCLUSIONS
When designing behavioural interventions to address newborn mortality at scale, policy-makers and practitioners must include barriers and facilitators important to families in low-income settings.
PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER
CRD42016035674.
Topics: Adult; Family; Female; Humans; Infant Care; Infant, Newborn; Male; Middle Aged; Parents; Patient Acceptance of Health Care; Perinatal Care; Qualitative Research; Young Adult
PubMed: 31023755
DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-025471 -
BMC Public Health Apr 2016We conducted a systematic review to obtain studies on childhood obesity and parenting published between 2009 and 2015, and draw out those studies with a particular focus... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
We conducted a systematic review to obtain studies on childhood obesity and parenting published between 2009 and 2015, and draw out those studies with a particular focus on media parenting. Our analysis addresses two major aims: 1) to describe how media use and media-related parenting practices and skills are operationalized in studies and 2) to explore whether studies measured ecological factors (e.g. individual-, family-, and community-level factors), which could be associated with media parenting practices.
METHODS
Using a standardized, multi-stage process, we identified and screened articles focused on parenting and childhood obesity (N = 667). Studies were eligible for this analysis if they measured media parenting and/or the home media environment, resulting in a sample of 103 studies. We used quantitative content analysis to code the full text articles for content related to our study aims; analyses were performed using SAS 9.4.
RESULTS
Seventy nine percent of studies measured media use, 82 % measured media parenting, and 65 % measured the home media environment. Studies measuring media use focused on a limited number of devices; while all studies measured child/parent use of televisions, only 3 % measured use of smartphones, 1 % measured use of laptops, and no studies measured use of tablets. Measures of parenting practices focused largely on rules specific to limiting screen time. Although 60 % of studies measured at least one ecological factor, child-specific and neighborhood/community-level factors were rarely measured.
CONCLUSIONS
More detailed measurements of media use that reflects current technology trends and diverse contexts of use are needed to better understand media use and parent regulation of child media exposure. Measures of the ecological context can more fully assess factors impacting media parenting and, subsequently, child risk for overweight and obesity.
Topics: Child; Humans; Mass Media; Parenting; Pediatric Obesity; Risk Factors
PubMed: 27076213
DOI: 10.1186/s12889-016-2981-5 -
International Journal of Environmental... Jun 2023Parentification occurs when youth are forced to assume developmentally inappropriate parent- or adult-like roles and responsibilities. This review thoroughly examines... (Review)
Review
Parentification occurs when youth are forced to assume developmentally inappropriate parent- or adult-like roles and responsibilities. This review thoroughly examines current empirical research on parentification, its outcomes, and related mechanisms to outline patterns of findings and significant literature gaps. This review is timely in the large context of the COVID-19 pandemic, when pandemic-induced responsibilities and demands on youth, and the shifting family role may exacerbate parentification and its consequences. We used the 2020 updated Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) framework to identify 95 studies (13 qualitative, 81 quantitative, 1 mixed methods) meeting eligibility criteria. Representation from six continents highlights parentification as a global phenomenon. Using thematic analysis, we identified five themes from qualitative studies and five from quantitative studies. These were further integrated into four common themes: (1) some parentified youth experienced positive outcomes (e.g., positive coping), albeit constructs varied; (2) to mitigate additional trauma, youth employed various protective strategies; (3) common negative outcomes experienced by youth included internalizing behaviors, externalizing problems, and compromised physical health; and (4) youths' characteristics (e.g., rejection sensitivity, attachment style), perceived benefits, and supports influenced parentification outcomes. Future methodological and substantive directions are discussed.
Topics: Adult; Adolescent; Humans; Pandemics; Parenting; COVID-19; Adaptation, Psychological; Social Behavior
PubMed: 37444045
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20136197