-
Iranian Journal of Pediatrics Jun 2016Obesity has now become a common health problem worldwide. To gain insight into the epidemiology of the problem in Iran, we systematically reviewed all available studies... (Review)
Review
CONTEXT
Obesity has now become a common health problem worldwide. To gain insight into the epidemiology of the problem in Iran, we systematically reviewed all available studies on the prevalence of overweight and obesity in the Iranian pediatric population.
EVIDENCE ACQUISITION
We systematically searched PubMed, ISI, SCOPUS, as well as Iranmedex, Irandoc, and Scientific Information Database (SID) databases.All studies on mean and standard deviation or percentile categories of BMI, WC, WHR, or WHtR or prevalence of obesity/overweight in Iranian child and adolescence, were performed from January 1990 to the end of December 2013. Refining processes were conducted by two independent reviewers. Quality assessment and data extraction followed based on validated form. As, these data were heterogeneous, meta-analysis was not performed.
RESULTS
From 3253 records, through three refining steps, 129 articles were found related to our study. In Iran, national studies are limited and nearly there is no comprehensive study for sub-national trends. Different age and sex groups had large variations in the prevalence of obesity and overweight (from 1% up to 16.1% and from 4.4% up to 42.3% respectively for obesity and overweight).
CONCLUSIONS
Related data are very scattered or limited to some specific subgroups in some living areas. For comparing, aggregating, and imputing the information we need more modern practical statistical methods.
PubMed: 27617064
DOI: 10.5812/ijp.2599 -
Obesity Reviews : An Official Journal... Feb 2021Residential density is considered an important attribute of the built environment that may be relevant to childhood obesity. However, findings remain inconclusive, and...
Residential density is considered an important attribute of the built environment that may be relevant to childhood obesity. However, findings remain inconclusive, and there are no reviews yet on the association between residential density and childhood obesity. This study aimed to systematically review the associations between residential density and weight-related behaviours and outcomes. A comprehensive literature search was conducted using the Cochrane Library, PubMed and Web of Science for articles published before 1 January 2019. A total of 35 studies conducted in 14 countries were identified, including 33 cross-sectional studies, one longitudinal study and one containing both study designs. Residential density was measured by Geographic Information Systems in 28 studies within a varied radius from 0.25 to 2 km around the individual residence. Our study found a general positive association between residential density and physical activity (PA); no significant associations were observed. This study provided evidence for a supportive role of residential density in promoting PA among children. However, it remained difficult to draw a conclusion between residential density and childhood obesity. Future longitudinal studies are warranted to confirm this association.
Topics: Built Environment; Child; Cross-Sectional Studies; Humans; Longitudinal Studies; Pediatric Obesity; Residence Characteristics
PubMed: 32406192
DOI: 10.1111/obr.13037 -
Nutrients Feb 2023A healthy diet is essential to prevent childhood obesity, however, adherence to a healthy diet is challenging. The aim of this study was to give a comprehensive overview... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
A healthy diet is essential to prevent childhood obesity, however, adherence to a healthy diet is challenging. The aim of this study was to give a comprehensive overview of the literature investigaating associations between food and beverages and overweight/obesity in children and adolescents in order to identify dietary risk factors. A systematic search was performed in four databases and observational studies were included. Meta-analysis was performed using the random effect model. Sixty records met inclusion criteria and 14 different food or beverage categories were identified. A higher intake of sugar-sweetened beverages increased the odds of overweight/obesity by 1.20 ( < 0.05) ( = 26) and higher intake of fast food increased the odds of overweight/obesity by 1.17 ( < 0.05) ( = 24). Furthermore, higher intake of meat (OR 1.02, < 0.05 (:7)) and refined grains (OR 1.28, < 0.05 (:3)) was associated with an increased risk of overweight/obesity. In contrast, higher intake of whole grain (OR 0.86, = 0.04 (:5)) and more surprisingly sweet bakery (OR 0.59, < 0.05 (:3)) was associated with a decreased risk of overweight/obesity. In conclusion, a higher intake of sugar-sweetened beverages and a higher intake of fast food was identified as the primary dietary risk factors for overweight/obesity. Future research is needed to strengthen the generalizability of these results.
Topics: Humans; Child; Adolescent; Overweight; Pediatric Obesity; Beverages; Diet; Fast Foods
PubMed: 36771470
DOI: 10.3390/nu15030764 -
Current Obesity Reports Sep 2017The purposes of this study were to review the evidence on longitudinal associations between child and adolescent obesity and academic achievement and to provide... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE
The purposes of this study were to review the evidence on longitudinal associations between child and adolescent obesity and academic achievement and to provide perceptions of adolescents with obesity and their parents on this topic.
RECENT FINDINGS
Synthesis of 31 studies (from 17 cohorts) suggested that relationships between obesity and academic achievement are not well established, except for adolescent girls' maths attainment, potentially mediated by both weight-related bullying and executive cognitive functions. Focus groups with adolescent girls with obesity confirmed experiences of psychosocial distress at school particularly during Physical Education. Adolescents perceived that obesity was not related to academic achievement directly, but by their attitude to school. Interventions are warranted to promote psychosocial wellbeing and cognitive abilities linked to academic achievement in adolescent girls with obesity. Physical Education should be a positive experience for children and adolescents with obesity.
Topics: Academic Success; Adolescent; Child; Focus Groups; Humans; Longitudinal Studies; Pediatric Obesity
PubMed: 28695352
DOI: 10.1007/s13679-017-0272-9 -
Pediatrics Mar 2014Previous studies of survivors of pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) have drawn heterogeneous conclusions regarding the prevalence of obesity and risk factors... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE
Previous studies of survivors of pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) have drawn heterogeneous conclusions regarding the prevalence of obesity and risk factors for developing obesity in pediatric ALL survivors. We sought to determine the prevalence of obesity in pediatric ALL survivors and examine risk factors for obesity through a systematic review and meta-analysis.
METHODS
A MEDLINE search was performed from its inception through 2013. Studies met the inclusion criteria if they (1) included at least 10 survivors of pediatric ALL; (2) assessed the prevalence or indicators of obesity; and (3) compared obesity among ALL survivors to a reference population or external control group. Extracted data included patient and treatment characteristics, study design, population used for comparison, and prevalence of obesity.
RESULTS
Forty-seven studies met the inclusion criteria. Despite significant heterogeneity among the studies (I(2) = 96%), the mean BMI z score in 1742 pediatric ALL survivors was 0.83 (95% confidence interval: 0.60-1.06), which corresponds to the 80th BMI percentile, indicating a significantly higher BMI in pediatric ALL survivors than the reference population. Subgroup analyses found a high prevalence of obesity in ALL survivors regardless of survivors' receipt of cranial irradiation, gender, or age at diagnosis.
CONCLUSIONS
Obesity is prevalent in pediatric ALL survivors and is independent of patient- and treatment-related characteristics. Clinicians need to screen for obesity and its associated health conditions early in survivorship.
Topics: Cohort Studies; Humans; Obesity; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma; Risk Factors; Survivors
PubMed: 24534408
DOI: 10.1542/peds.2013-3332 -
Journal of Health, Population, and... Jan 2023The role of screen time in promoting obesity among children has been reported in previous studies. However, the effects of different screen types and the dose-response... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
The role of screen time in promoting obesity among children has been reported in previous studies. However, the effects of different screen types and the dose-response association between screen time and obesity among children is not summarized yet. In the current meta-analysis we systematically summarized the association between obesity and screen time of different screen types in a dose-response analysis.
METHODS
A systematic search from Scopus, PubMed and Embase electronic databases was performed. Studies that evaluated the association between screen time and obesity up to September 2021 were retrieved. We included 45 individual studies that were drawn from nine qualified studies into meta-analysis.
RESULTS
The results of the two-class meta-analysis showed that those at the highest category of screen time were 1.2 times more likely to develop obesity [odds ratio (OR) = 1.21; confidence interval (CI) = 1.113, 1.317; I = 60.4%; P < 0.001). The results of subgrouping identified that setting, obesity status and age group were possible heterogeneity sources. No evidence of non-linear association between increased screen time and obesity risk among children was observed (P-nonlinearity = 0.310).
CONCLUSION
In the current systematic review and meta-analysis we revealed a positive association between screen time and obesity among children without any evidence of non-linear association. Due to the cross-sectional design of included studies, we suggest further studies with longitudinal or interventional design to better elucidate the observed associations.
Topics: Child; Humans; Pediatric Obesity; Screen Time; Cross-Sectional Studies; Odds Ratio
PubMed: 36691087
DOI: 10.1186/s41043-022-00344-4 -
PloS One 2019Childhood overweight and obesity has emerged as a major public health threat worldwide with challenges in its management. This review assessed the effectiveness of... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Childhood overweight and obesity has emerged as a major public health threat worldwide with challenges in its management. This review assessed the effectiveness of interventions for childhood overweight and obesity.
METHODS
A systematic literature search was conducted using CINAHL, EMBASE, Ovid MEDLINE, PsycINFO and SPORTDiscus databases to retrieve articles published from 1st January 2000 to 31st December 2017. Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi-experimental studies comparing different strategies in managing overweight and obesity among schoolchildren (6 to 12 years of age) were included. The main outcomes of interest were reductions in weight related variables included anthropometry and body composition measurements. All variables were analysed using random effects meta-analyses.
RESULTS
Fourteen studies were reviewed, 13 were RCTs and one was a quasi-experimental study. The risk of bias for randomisation was low risk for all of RCTs except for one, which was unclear. The risk of bias for randomisation was high for the quasi-experimental study. Most interventions incorporated lifestyle changes and behavioural strategies such as coping and problem solving skills with family involvement. The meta-analyses did not show significant effects of the intervention in reducing weight related outcomes when compared with controls.
CONCLUSION
Meta-analyses of the selected studies did not show significant effects of the interventions on weight related outcomes among overweight and obese schoolchildren when compared with controls. The role of interdisciplinary team approaches with family involvement using behaviour and lifestyle strategies to curb obesity among schoolchildren is important.
Topics: Adaptation, Psychological; Behavior Therapy; Child; Family; Humans; Life Style; Pediatric Obesity; Quality of Life; Students
PubMed: 30625165
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0209746 -
Nutrition Reviews Feb 2023Obesity is a significant risk factor for many pathological conditions. Whether a gluten-free diet (GFD) is a risk factor for overweight or obesity remains controversial. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
CONTEXT
Obesity is a significant risk factor for many pathological conditions. Whether a gluten-free diet (GFD) is a risk factor for overweight or obesity remains controversial.
OBJECTIVE
The primary aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of body mass index (BMI) categories at disease presentation and the variation in BMI category from underweight/normal to overweight/obese and vice versa during a GFD.
DATA SOURCES
PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were searched through February 2021 for retrospective, cross-sectional, and prospective studies reporting BMI categories at disease diagnosis and during a GFD.
DATA EXTRACTION
Data were extracted by 2 reviewers independently. Disagreements were resolved by consensus; a third reviewer was consulted, if necessary. Risk of bias was assessed with the Cochrane ROBINS-I tool.
DATA ANALYSIS
Subgroup analysis based on age (pediatric/adult patients), study design (prospective, cross-sectional, retrospective), and duration of GFD was performed.. Forty-five studies were selected (7959 patients with celiac disease and 20 524 healthy controls). The mean BMI of celiac patients at presentation was significantly lower than that of controls (P < 0.001). During a GFD, the mean BMI increased significantly (mean difference = 1.14 kg/m2 [95%CI, 0.68-1.60 kg/m2]; I2 = 82.8%; P < 0.001), but only 9% of patients (95%CI, 7%-12%; I2 = 80.0%) changed from the underweight/normal BMI category to the overweight/obese category, while 20% (95%CI, 11%-29%; I2 = 85.8%) moved into a lower BMI category.
CONCLUSION
Most celiac patients had a normal BMI at presentation, although the mean BMI was significantly lower than that of controls. A GFD does not increase the risk of becoming overweight/obese, especially in children. The quality of several studies was suboptimal, with moderate or high overall risk of bias and heterogeneity.
Topics: Humans; Child; Adult; Overweight; Prospective Studies; Thinness; Retrospective Studies; Celiac Disease; Diet, Gluten-Free; Cross-Sectional Studies; Obesity; Body Mass Index
PubMed: 35947766
DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuac052 -
Advanced Biomedical Research 2014Several evidences have been reported so far in terms of the relationship between obesity and glycemic index and glycemic load in children. However, the number of review... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Several evidences have been reported so far in terms of the relationship between obesity and glycemic index and glycemic load in children. However, the number of review studies that have dealt with recent findings is quite low. The purpose of present study is to review the existing evidences in this regard.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
FIRST OF ALL, THE PHRASES: "Glycaemic index", "Glycaemic load", "Glycemic index" OR "Glycemic load" accompanied by one of the words: "Adolescent", "Young", "Youth" "Children" OR "Child" were searched in texts of articles existing in ISI and PUBMED databases which were obtained out of 1001 articles. Among these, some articles, which reviewed the relationship of obesity with glycemic index and glycemic load, were selected. Finally, 20 articles were studied in current review study.
RESULTS
The majority of cross-sectional studies have found children's obesity directly linked with glycemic index and glycemic load; however, cohort studies found controversial results. Also, the intervention studies indicate the negative effect of glycemic index and glycemic load on obesity in children.
CONCLUSION
Published evidences reported inconsistent results. It seems that existing studies are not sufficient and more studies are needed in this regard.
PubMed: 24627855
DOI: 10.4103/2277-9175.125757 -
Obesity Reviews : An Official Journal... Feb 2021Street connectivity, as a neighbourhood built environmental factor, may affect individual physical activity (PA) and subsequently weight status. However, these... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Street connectivity, as a neighbourhood built environmental factor, may affect individual physical activity (PA) and subsequently weight status. However, these associations remain inconclusive. This study aimed to systematically review the association between street connectivity and childhood obesity. A literature search was conducted in the Cochrane Library, PubMed, and Web of Science for articles published before January 1, 2019. All original studies that investigated the association between street connectivity and weight-related behaviours or outcomes among children and adolescents were included. Forty-seven articles were identified, including eight longitudinal and 41 cross-sectional studies conducted in eight countries. The sample size ranged from 88 to 46 813. Street intersection density (SID), measured by Geographic Information Systems in 36 studies and reported in 13 studies, was the main indicator used to represent street connectivity. Forty-four studies examined the association between SID and weight-related behaviours, including overall PA (n = 15), moderate-to-vigorous PA (n = 13), active transport (n = 12), dog walking (n = 1), walking (n = 1), sedentary behaviours (n = 2), and TV viewing (n = 1). Fifteen studies focused on the association between SID and weight-related outcomes. Overall, evidence from this systematic review and meta-analyses suggested a positive association between street connectivity and PA. However, it was difficult to draw a conclusion on the association between street connectivity and BMI. More longitudinal evidence is needed to confirm the causal association between street connectivity and weight status.
Topics: Child; Cross-Sectional Studies; Environment Design; Humans; Pediatric Obesity; Residence Characteristics; Walking
PubMed: 31507068
DOI: 10.1111/obr.12943