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Clinical and Experimental Dental... Aug 2022This systematic review aimed to assess in vitro studies that evaluated neutrophil interactions with different roughness levels in titanium and zirconia implant surfaces. (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVES
This systematic review aimed to assess in vitro studies that evaluated neutrophil interactions with different roughness levels in titanium and zirconia implant surfaces.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
An electronic search for literature was conducted on PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science and a total of 14 studies were included. Neutrophil responses were assessed based on adhesion, cell number, surface coverage, cell structure, cytokine secretion, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, neutrophil activation, receptor expression, and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) release. The method of assessing the risk of bias was done using the toxicological data reliability assessment tool (TOXRTOOL).
RESULTS
Ten studies have identified a significant increase in neutrophil functions, such as surface coverage, cell adhesion, ROS production, and NETs released when interacting with rough titanium surfaces. Moreover, neutrophil interaction with rough-hydrophilic surfaces seems to produce less proinflammatory cytokines and ROS when compared to naive smooth and rough titanium surfaces. Regarding membrane receptor expression, two studies have reported that the FcγIII receptor (CD16) is responsible for initial neutrophil adhesion to hydrophilic titanium surfaces. Only one study compared neutrophil interaction with titanium alloy and zirconia toughened alumina surfaces and reported no significant differences in neutrophil cell count, activation, receptor expression, and death.
CONCLUSIONS
There are not enough studies to conclude neutrophil interactions with titanium and zirconia surfaces. However, different topographic modifications such as roughness and hydrophilicity might influence neutrophil interactions with titanium implant surfaces.
Topics: Dental Implants; Neutrophils; Reactive Oxygen Species; Reproducibility of Results; Surface Properties; Titanium; Zirconium
PubMed: 35535662
DOI: 10.1002/cre2.582 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2023Ageing research is establishing macrophages as key immune system regulators that undergo functional decline. Due to heterogeneity between species and tissue populations,... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
INTRODUCTION
Ageing research is establishing macrophages as key immune system regulators that undergo functional decline. Due to heterogeneity between species and tissue populations, a plethora of data exist and the power of scientific conclusions can vary substantially. This meta-analysis by information content (MAIC) and systematic literature review (SLR) aims to determine overall changes in macrophage gene and protein expression, as well as function, with age.
METHODS
PubMed was utilized to collate peer-reviewed literature relating to macrophage ageing. Primary studies comparing macrophages in at least two age groups were included. Data pertaining to gene or protein expression alongside method used were extracted for MAIC analysis. For SLR analysis, data included all macrophage-specific changes with age, as well as species, ontogeny and age of groups assessed.
RESULTS
A total of 240 studies were included; 122 of which qualified for MAIC. The majority of papers focussed on changes in macrophage count/infiltration as a function of age, followed by gene and protein expression. The MAIC found iNOS and TNF to be the most commonly investigated entities, with 328 genes and 175 proteins showing consistent dysregulation with age across the literature. Overall findings indicate that cytokine secretion and phagocytosis are reduced and reactive oxygen species production is increased in the ageing macrophage.
DISCUSSION
Collectively, our analysis identifies critical regulators in macrophage ageing that are consistently dysregulated, highlighting a plethora of targets for further investigation. Consistent functional changes with age found here can be used to confirm an ageing macrophage phenotype in specific studies and experimental models.
Topics: Macrophages; Phagocytosis
PubMed: 37520567
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1222308 -
Chest Jul 2023Monocyte distribution width (MDW) is an emerging biomarker for infection. It is available easily and quickly as part of the CBC count, which is performed routinely on... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Monocyte distribution width (MDW) is an emerging biomarker for infection. It is available easily and quickly as part of the CBC count, which is performed routinely on hospital admission. The increasing availability and promising results of MDW as a biomarker in sepsis has prompted an expansion of its use to other infectious diseases.
RESEARCH QUESTION
What is the diagnostic performance of MDW across multiple infectious disease outcomes and care settings?
STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS
A systematic review of the diagnostic performance of MDW across multiple infectious disease outcomes was conducted by searching PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science through February 4, 2022. Meta-analysis was performed for outcomes with three or more reports identified (sepsis and COVID-19). Diagnostic performance measures were calculated for individual studies with pooled estimates created by linear mixed-effects models.
RESULTS
We identified 29 studies meeting inclusion criteria. Most examined sepsis (19 studies) and COVID-19 (six studies). Pooled estimates of diagnostic performance for sepsis differed by reference standard (Second vs Third International Consensus Definitions for Sepsis and Septic Shock criteria) and tube anticoagulant used and ranged from an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.74 to 0.94, with mean sensitivity of 0.69 to 0.79 and mean specificity of 0.57 to 0.86. For COVID-19, the pooled AUC of MDW was 0.76, mean sensitivity was 0.79, and mean specificity was 0.59.
INTERPRETATION
MDW exhibited good diagnostic performance for sepsis and COVID-19. Diagnostic thresholds for sepsis should be chosen with consideration of reference standard and tube type used.
TRIAL REGISTRY
Prospero; No.: CRD42020210074; URL: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/.
Topics: Humans; Monocytes; COVID-19; Sepsis; Biomarkers; Communicable Diseases; COVID-19 Testing
PubMed: 36681146
DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2022.12.049 -
BMC Pediatrics Jun 2023To compare the performance of Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) with that of Platelet-to-Lymphocyte Ratio (PLR) in diagnosing neonatal sepsis (NS). (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
PURPOSE
To compare the performance of Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) with that of Platelet-to-Lymphocyte Ratio (PLR) in diagnosing neonatal sepsis (NS).
METHODS
PubMed and Embase were searched for relevant studies from the inception of the databases to May, 2022. The pooled sensitivity (SEN), specificity (SPE), and area under the receiver operator characteristic curve (AUC) were measured.
RESULTS
Thirteen studies involving 2610 participants were included. The SEN, SPE, and AUC of NLR were 0.76 (95%CI: 0.61-0.87), 0.82 (95%CI: 0.68-0.91), and 0.86 (95%CI: 0.83-0.89), respectively, and those of PLR were 0.82 (95%CI: 0.63-0.92), 0.80 (95%CI: 0.24-0.98), and 0.87 (95%CI: 0.83-0.89), respectively. Significant heterogeneity was observed among the studies. Subgroup analysis and meta-regression showed that types of sepsis (p = 0.01 for SEN), gold standard (p = 0.03 for SPE), and pre-set threshold (p<0.05 for SPE) might be the sources of heterogeneity for NLR, whereas the pre-set threshold (p<0.05 for SPE) might be the source of heterogeneity for PLR.
CONCLUSIONS
NLR and PLR would be of great accuracy for the diagnosis of NS, and the two indicators have similar diagnostic performance. However, the overall risk of bias was high, and significant heterogeneity was identified among the included studies. The results of this study should be interpreted prudently, and the normal or cut-off values and the type of sepsis should be considered. More prospective studies are needed to further support the clinical application of these findings.
Topics: Infant, Newborn; Humans; Neonatal Sepsis; Neutrophils; Sepsis; Blood Platelets; Lymphocytes
PubMed: 37391699
DOI: 10.1186/s12887-023-04094-y -
PloS One 2016Inflammation is deemed to play critical roles in tumor progression and metastasis, and an increased neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) has been reported to correlate with... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE
Inflammation is deemed to play critical roles in tumor progression and metastasis, and an increased neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) has been reported to correlate with poor survivals in various malignancies. However, association between NLR elevation and survival outcome in patients with colorectal liver metastasis (CRLM) remains controversial. The aim of this study was to investigate the prognostic significance of elevated NLR in CRLM.
METHODS
The meta-analysis was conducted in adherence to the MOOSE guidelines. PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science and the Chinese SinoMed were systematically searched to identify eligible studies from the initiation of the databases to May, 2016. Overall survival (OS) and recurrence free survival (RFS) were pooled by using hazard ratio (HR) with corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI). Correlation between NLR values and clinicopathological features was synthesized by using odds ratio (OR) with corresponding 95% CI.
RESULTS
A total of 1685 patients from 8 studies (9 cohorts) were analyzed, consisting 347 (20.59%) in high pretreatment NLR value group and 1338 (79.41%) in low pretreatment NLR value one. The results demonstrated that elevated pretreatment NLR was significantly related to poor OS (HR 2.17, 95% CI 1.82-2.58) and RFS (HR 1.96, 95% CI 1.64-2.35) in patients with CRLM.
CONCLUSION
The result of this systematic review and meta-analysis indicated that an elevated pretreatment NLR was closely correlated with poor long-term survival (OS and RFS) in CRLM patients. NLR can be routinely monitored and serve as a useful and cost-effective marker with strong prognostic significance in patients with CRLM.
Topics: Biomarkers; Colorectal Neoplasms; Female; Humans; Leukocyte Count; Liver Neoplasms; Lymphocytes; Male; Middle Aged; Neutrophils; Odds Ratio; Prognosis; Survival Analysis
PubMed: 27427969
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0159447 -
Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry :... 2017Systemic inflammatory response (SIR) is widely considered as a preoperative risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) outcomes. The neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio and Platelet to Lymphocyte Ratio as Prognostic Predictors for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients with Various Treatments: a Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review.
BACKGROUND/AIMS
Systemic inflammatory response (SIR) is widely considered as a preoperative risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) outcomes. The neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR), two of the prognostic indices, have been investigated in post-therapeutic recurrence and survival of HCC. Here, we quantify the prognostic value of these two biomarkers and evaluate their consistency in different HCC therapies.
METHODS
A systematic review of electronic database of the Web of Science, Embase, PubMed and the Cochrane Library was conducted to search for associations between the NLR and PLR in the blood and clinical outcomes of HCC. Overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) were the primary outcomes, and hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were explored as effect measures. Subgroup analyses were performed to explore the heterogeneity of different therapies.
RESULTS
A total of 24 articles comprising 6318 patients were included in the meta-analysis. Overall, the pooled outcomes revealed that a high NLR before treatment predicted a poor OS (HR: 1.54, 95% CI: 1.34 to 1.76, p<0.001) and poor RFS (HR: 1.45, 95% CI: 1.16 to 1.82, p=0.001). Moreover, an increased PLR predicted a poor OS (HR: 1.63, 95% CI: 1.34 to 1.98, p<0.001) and earlier HCC recurrence (HR: 1.52, 95% CI: 1.21 to 1.91, p<0.001). In addition, both the NLR and PLR were identified as independent risk factors for predicting OS and RFS in HCC patients in a subgroup analysis of different treatment types, including curative or palliative therapy; however, these results were not found in the sorafenib subgroup due to limited clinical research.
CONCLUSION
An increased NLR or PLR indicated poor outcomes for patients with HCC. The NLR and PLR may be considered as reliable and inexpensive biomarkers for making clinical decisions regarding HCC treatment.
Topics: Antineoplastic Agents; Blood Platelets; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Databases, Factual; Humans; Liver Neoplasms; Lymphocytes; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Neutrophils; Prognosis; Proportional Hazards Models; Survival Rate
PubMed: 29179180
DOI: 10.1159/000485396 -
Journal of Oral Pathology & Medicine :... Jan 2022Inflammation seems to play a critical role in the development and progression of different cancers. Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is an easily measurable marker... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Inflammation seems to play a critical role in the development and progression of different cancers. Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is an easily measurable marker of systemic inflammation. The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the prognostic role of the pre-treatment NLR, in terms of overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS), in patients with primary head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) treated by surgery alone or followed by chemo/radiotherapy. This systematic review was performed according to the guidelines reported in the Cochrane Handbook and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) statement. Meta-analysis of OS and DFS was performed using the inverse of variance test. Fixed-effect models were used on the basis of the presence of heterogeneity. Risk of bias assessment and trial sequential analysis (TSA) were also performed; the quality of the evidence was evaluated via the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. The analysis revealed that a higher value of pre-treatment NLR correlates with a statistically significant decrease of OS (HR, 1.56; 95% CI: [1.35, 1.80]; p < 0.00001) and a lower DFS (HR, 1.64; 95% CI: [1.30, 2.07]; p < 0.0001) in HNSCC patients.
Topics: Head and Neck Neoplasms; Humans; Lymphocytes; Neutrophils; Prognosis; Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck
PubMed: 34797592
DOI: 10.1111/jop.13264 -
European Respiratory Review : An... Sep 2023Peripheral blood monocyte counts have been associated with poor outcomes in interstitial lung disease (ILD). However, studies are limited by variable biomarker... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Peripheral blood monocyte counts have been associated with poor outcomes in interstitial lung disease (ILD). However, studies are limited by variable biomarker thresholds, analytic approaches and heterogenous populations. This systematic review and meta-analysis characterised the relationship between monocytes and clinical outcomes in ILD.
METHODS
Electronic database searches were performed. Two reviewers screened abstracts and extracted data. Pooled estimates (hazard ratios (HRs)) of monocyte count thresholds were calculated for their association with mortality using ≥0.6×10 and >0.9×10 cells·L for unadjusted models and ≥0.95×10 cells·L for adjusted models, using random effects, with heterogeneity and bias assessed. Disease progression associated with monocytes >0.9×10cells·L was also calculated.
RESULTS
Of 3279 abstracts, 13 were included in the systematic review and eight in the meta-analysis. The pooled unadjusted HR for mortality for monocyte counts ≥0.6×10 cells·L was 1.71 (95% CI 1.34-2.19, p<0.001, I=0%) and for monocyte counts >0.90×10 cells·L it was 2.44 (95% CI 1.53-3.87, p=0.0002, I=52%). The pooled adjusted HR for mortality for monocyte counts ≥0.95×10 cells·L was 1.93 (95% CI 1.24-3.01, p=0.0038 I=69%). The pooled HR for disease progression associated with increased monocyte counts was 1.83 (95% CI 1.40-2.39, p<0.0001, I=28%).
CONCLUSIONS
Peripheral blood monocyte counts were associated with an increased risk of mortality and disease progression in patients with ILD.
Topics: Humans; Monocytes; Lung Diseases, Interstitial; Patients; Disease Progression
PubMed: 37673424
DOI: 10.1183/16000617.0072-2023 -
Disease Markers 2022We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis on the relationship between the neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and coronary artery abnormalities (CAA) in... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis on the relationship between the neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and coronary artery abnormalities (CAA) in patients with Kawasaki disease (KD), according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statements. We searched PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, TRIP, Google Scholar, and ProQuest up to the 8th of August 2022. This was done to retrieve eligible studies. No date or language limitations were considered in this study. Methodology quality assessment was conducted according to the Newcastle-Ottawa scale (NOS). Standard mean difference (SMD) and its 95% confidence interval (CI) were used to depict the pooled continuous variables. Finally, 17 articles with 6334 KD patients, of whom 1328 developed CAA, were enrolled in this meta-analysis. NLR level was significantly higher in KD patients with CAA compared to those without CAA (SMD =0.81; 95% CI =0.05-1.57, = 0.03). In addition, NLR level was significantly higher in patients with coronary artery aneurysms than those without coronary artery aneurysms (SMD =2.29; 95% CI =0.18-4.41, = 0.03). However, no significant association between NLR and coronary artery dilation was observed in this meta-analysis (SMD =0.56; 95% CI = -0.86-1.99). There was no publication bias for the pooled SMD of NLR for coronary artery abnormality in KD (Egger's test = 0.82; Begg's test = 0.32). The NLR may be useful in monitoring CAA development in these patients and may further imply a mechanistic role in potential inflammation that mediates this process.
Topics: Humans; Neutrophils; Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome; Lymphocytes; Coronary Artery Disease; Biomarkers; Aneurysm
PubMed: 36267460
DOI: 10.1155/2022/6421543 -
Oral Oncology Dec 2022Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is an immunogenic cancer type, and tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) are a major component of the tumor microenvironment... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is an immunogenic cancer type, and tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) are a major component of the tumor microenvironment (TME). In this systematic review and meta-analysis, studies assessing tumor infiltration with CD68+, iNOS+, HLA-DR+, CD11b+, CD163+, CD206+, and CD204+TAMs were included, and correlation to survival hazard was studied. A low number of CD68+TAMs correlated to better overall survival (OS) in multivariate analysis (HR 1.36 95 %CI (1.07-1.72) P = .01). CD68+TAMs did not correlate to disease free survival (DFS), disease specific survival (DSS), progression free survival (PFS), or recurrence free survival (RFS). A low number of CD163+TAMs correlated to better OS in uni- and multivariate analysis (resp. HR 2.65 95 %CI (1.57-4.46) P = .01 and HR 2.42 95 %CI (1.72-3.41) P < .001). A low number of CD163+TAMs also correlated to better DFS and PFS, whereas a low number of CD204+TAMs only correlated to PFS. While IHC analysis of pan macrophage marker CD68 and M2-like marker CD163 both show prognostic utility in OS, CD163 is a stronger prognosticator, as indicated by multivariate meta-analysis. CD163+TAMs also correlate to DFS and PFS; outcomes that are more relevant to patients, thus showing promising results for future clinical implementation.
Topics: Humans; Prognosis; Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck; Tumor-Associated Macrophages; Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic; Tumor Microenvironment; Head and Neck Neoplasms
PubMed: 36335818
DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2022.106227