-
Annals of Family Medicine Nov 2016The prevalence of Group C beta-hemolytic and among patients with sore throat in the outpatient setting has not been previously summarized. We set out to derive... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
PURPOSE
The prevalence of Group C beta-hemolytic and among patients with sore throat in the outpatient setting has not been previously summarized. We set out to derive prevalence information from the existing literature.
METHODS
We performed a systematic review of MEDLINE for studies reporting the prevalence of or Group C or both in prospective, consecutive series of outpatients with sore throat, as well as laboratory-based studies of throat cultures submitted from primary care. We limited searches to studies where the majority of data was collected after January 1, 2000, to reflect contemporary microbiological methods and prevalences. Each author independently reviewed the articles for inclusion and abstraction of data; we resolved discrepancies by consensus discussion. We then performed a meta-analysis to calculate the pooled prevalence estimates using a random effects model of raw proportions.
RESULTS
A total of 16 studies met our inclusion criteria. The overall prevalences of Group C and were 6.1% (95% CI, 3.2%-9.0%) and 18.9% (95% CI, 10.5%-27.2%), respectively. When stratified by study type, the prevalences of Group C and in laboratory-based studies were 6.6% (95% CI, -1.0% to 14.2%) and 18.8% (95% CI, 6.5%-31.1%), respectively. In primary care patients with sore throat, Group C had a prevalence of 6.1% (95% CI, 3.1%-9.2%), while had a prevalence of 19.4% (95% CI, 14.7%-24.1%).
CONCLUSIONS
Group C and are commonly detected in patients with acute pharyngitis. Research is needed, however, to determine whether these bacteria are truly pathogenic in patients with pharyngitis and whether antibiotics reduce the duration of symptoms or the likelihood of complications.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Fusobacterium Infections; Fusobacterium necrophorum; Humans; Pharyngitis; Prevalence; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Streptococcal Infections; Streptococcus
PubMed: 28376443
DOI: 10.1370/afm.2005 -
United European Gastroenterology Journal Oct 2019Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) and chronic rheumatic diseases (CRDs) are systemic chronic disorders sharing common genetic, immune and environmental factors. About... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
INTRODUCTION
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) and chronic rheumatic diseases (CRDs) are systemic chronic disorders sharing common genetic, immune and environmental factors. About half of patients with IBD develop rheumatic ailments and microscopic intestinal inflammation is present in up to half of CRD patients. IBD and CRD patients also share a common therapeutic armamentarium. Disequilibrium in the complex realm of microbes (known as dysbiosis) that closely interact with the gut mucosal immune system has been associated with both IBD and CRD (spondyloarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis). Whether dysbiosis represents an epiphenomenon or a prodromal feature remains to be determined.
METHODS
In an attempt to further investigate whether specific gut dysbiosis may be the missing link between IBD and CRD in patients developing both diseases, we performed here a systematic literature review focusing on studies looking at bacterial microbiota in CRD and/or IBD patients.
RESULTS
We included 80 studies, with a total of 3799 IBD patients without arthritis, 1084 CRD patients without IBD, 132 IBD patients with arthropathy manifestations and 12 spondyloarthritis patients with IBD history. Overall, this systematic review indicates that an increase in s, and genera, as well as a decrease in genera and species belonging to Verrucomicrobia and Fusobacteria phyla are common features in IBD and CRD patients, whereas dozens of bacterial species are specific features of CRD and IBD.
CONCLUSION
Further work is needed to understand the functions of bacteria and of their metabolites but also to characterize fungi and viruses that are commonly found in these patients.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Child; Chronic Disease; Dysbiosis; Female; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Inflammation; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Intestinal Mucosa; Intestines; Male; Microbiota; Middle Aged; Rheumatic Diseases; Young Adult
PubMed: 31662859
DOI: 10.1177/2050640619867555 -
Renal Failure Dec 2021Emerging evidence demonstrates that gut dysbiosis is implicated in the pathogenesis of chronic kidney disease (CKD) with underlying mechanisms involving mucosal and/or...
BACKGROUND
Emerging evidence demonstrates that gut dysbiosis is implicated in the pathogenesis of chronic kidney disease (CKD) with underlying mechanisms involving mucosal and/or systematic immunity or metabolic disorders. However, the profile of gut microbiota in patients with CKD has not been completely explored.
METHODS
Databases from their date of inception to 31 March 2020 were systematically searched for case-control or cross-sectional studies comparing the gut microbial profiles in adult patients with CKD or end-stage renal disease (ESRD) with those in healthy controls. Quantitative analysis of alterations in gut microbial profiles was conducted.
RESULTS
Twenty-five studies with a total of 1436 CKD patients and 918 healthy controls were included. The present study supports the increased abundance of, phylum and , genus , , and , while lower abundance of genus , , , , and in patients with CKD; and increased abundance of phylum , and genus and , while lower abundance of , , , and in patients with ESRD. Moreover, higher concentrations of trimethylamine-N-oxide and p-cresyl sulfate and lower concentrations of short-chain fatty acids were observed. Gut permeability in patients with CKD was not determined due to the heterogeneity of selected parameters.
CONCLUSIONS
Specific alterations of gut microbial parameters in patients with CKD were identified. However, a full picture of the gut microbiota could not be drawn from the data due to the differences in methodology, and qualitative and incomplete reporting of different studies.
Topics: Bacteria; Dysbiosis; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Methylamines; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic
PubMed: 33406960
DOI: 10.1080/0886022X.2020.1864404 -
Journal of Reproductive Immunology Feb 2022To assess the available scientific evidence regarding the placental microbial composition of a healthy pregnancy, the quality of this evidence, and the potential...
OBJECTIVE
To assess the available scientific evidence regarding the placental microbial composition of a healthy pregnancy, the quality of this evidence, and the potential relation between placental and oral microbiome.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Data sources: MEDLINE and EMBASE up to August 1, 2019.
STUDY ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA
Human subjects; healthy women; term deliveries; healthy normal birth weight; assessment of microorganisms (bacteria) in placental tissue; full research papers in English. The quality of the included studies was assessed by a modified Joanna Briggs Institute checklist for analytical cross-sectional studies.
RESULTS
57 studies passed the inclusion criteria. Of these, 33 had a high risk of quality bias (e.g., insufficient infection control, lack of negative controls, poor description of the healthy cases). The remaining 24 studies had a low (N = 12) to moderate (N = 12) risk of bias and were selected for in-depth analysis. Of these 24 studies, 22 reported microorganisms in placental tissues, where Lactobacillus (11 studies), Ureaplasma (7), Fusobacterium (7), Staphylococcus (7), Prevotella (6) and Streptococcus (6) were among the most frequently identified genera. Methylobacterium (4), Propionibacterium (3), Pseudomonas (3) and Escherichia (2), among others, although frequently reported in placental samples, were often reported as contaminants in studies that used negative controls.
CONCLUSIONS
The results support the existence of a low biomass placental microbiota in healthy pregnancies. Some of the microbial taxa found in the placenta might have an oral origin. The high risk of quality bias for the majority of the included studies indicates that the results of individual papers should be interpreted with caution.
Topics: Adult; Animals; Female; Fusobacterium; Healthy Volunteers; Humans; Lactobacillus; Microbiota; Placenta; Pregnancy; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Ureaplasma
PubMed: 34883392
DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2021.103455 -
Prilozi (Makedonska Akademija Na... Jun 2020One of the most important types of microorganisms in the oral cavity in both healthy and non-healthy individuals is Fusobacterium nucleatum. Although present as a normal...
INTRODUCTION
One of the most important types of microorganisms in the oral cavity in both healthy and non-healthy individuals is Fusobacterium nucleatum. Although present as a normal resident in the oral cavity, this Gram-negative pathogen is dominant in periodontal disease and it is involved in many invasive infections in the population, acute and chronic inflammatory conditions, as well as many adverse events with a fatal outcome.
AIM
To determine the role of F. nucleatum in the development of polymicrobial biofilms thus pathogenic changes in and out of the oral media.
MATERIAL AND METHOD
A systematic review of the literature concerning the determination and role of F. nucleatum through available clinical trials, literature reviews, original research and articles published electronically at Pub Med and Google Scholar.
CONCLUSION
The presence of Fusobacterium nucleatum is commonly associated with the health status of individuals. These anaerobic bacteria plays a key role in oral pathological conditions and has been detected in many systemic disorders causing complex pathogenethic changes probably due to binding ability to various cells thus several virulence mechanisms. Most common diseases and conditions in the oral cavity associated with F.nucleatum are gingivitis (G), chronic periodontitis (CH), aggressive periodontitis (AgP), endo-periodental infections (E-P), chronic apical periodontitis (PCHA). The bacterium has been identified and detected in many systemic disorders such as coronary heart disease (CVD) pathological pregnancy (P); polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), high-risk pregnancy (HRP), colorectal cancer (CRC); pre-eclampsia (PE); rheumatoid arthritis (RA); osteoarthritis (OA).
Topics: Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Biofilms; Chronic Disease; Colorectal Neoplasms; Coronary Disease; Female; Fusobacterium nucleatum; Gingivitis; Humans; Mouth; Osteoarthritis; Periodontal Diseases; Periodontitis; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome; Pre-Eclampsia; Pregnancy; Pregnancy, High-Risk
PubMed: 32573481
DOI: 10.2478/prilozi-2020-0026 -
Cancer Medicine Feb 2019The fecal Fusobacterium nucleatum has been reported as a potential noninvasive biomarker for colorectal tumor in several studies, but its exact diagnostic accuracy was... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
The fecal Fusobacterium nucleatum has been reported as a potential noninvasive biomarker for colorectal tumor in several studies, but its exact diagnostic accuracy was ambiguous due to the wide range of sensitivity and specificity. To assess the diagnostic accuracy of fecal F. nucleatum for colorectal tumor, we searched electronic databases including PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, and Web of Science, without any date and language restrictions. Two reviewers independently extracted data and appraised study quality with Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies. We included ten studies comprising 13 cohorts for colorectal cancer (CRC) and seven cohorts for colorectal adenoma (CRA). A total of 1450 patients and 1421 controls for CRC and 656 patients and 827 controls for CRA were included. The pooled sensitivity and specificity of fecal F. nucleatum for CRC were 71% (95% CI, 61%-79%) and 76% (95% CI, 66%-84%), with the area under the receiver-operating characteristics (AUC) curve of 0.80 (95% CI, 0.76-0.83). The pooled sensitivity and specificity of fecal F. nucleatum for CRA were 36% (95% CI, 27%-46%) and 73% (95% CI, 65%-79%), with an AUC of 0.60 (95% CI, 0.56-0.65). Substantial heterogeneity among studies existed, which was partly caused by DNA extraction kits, regions of study, sample size, and demographic characteristics of participants. Fecal F. nucleatum was valuable for the diagnosis of CRC although it performed below expectation. For CRA, the specificity of fecal F. nucleatum indicated the possibility of noninvasive screening. Subgroup analyses for adenoma were incomplete due to lack of data. Heterogeneity limited the credibility of the study.
Topics: Biomarkers; Colorectal Neoplasms; Feces; Fusobacterium nucleatum; Humans
PubMed: 30636375
DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1850 -
Future Medicinal Chemistry Sep 2017Resistances to antibiotics employed for treatment of infectious diseases have increased to alarming numbers making it more and more difficult to treat diseases caused by... (Review)
Review
AIM
Resistances to antibiotics employed for treatment of infectious diseases have increased to alarming numbers making it more and more difficult to treat diseases caused by microorganisms resistant to common antibiotics. Consequently, novel methods for successful inactivation of pathogens are required. In this instance, one alternative could be application of light for treatment of topical infections. Antimicrobial properties of UV light are well documented, but due to its DNA-damaging properties use for medical purposes is limited. In contrast, irradiation with visible light may be more promising.
METHODS
Literature was systematically screened for research concerning inactivation of main oral bacterial species by means of visible light.
RESULTS
Inactivation of bacterial species, especially pigmented ones, in planktonic state showed promising results. There is a lack of research examining the situation when organized as biofilms.
CONCLUSION
More research concerning situation in a biofilm state is required.
Topics: Aggregatibacter; Anti-Infective Agents; Bacteria; Escherichia coli; Fusobacterium; Humans; Light; Mouth; Porphyromonas; Prevotella; Staphylococcus; Streptococcus
PubMed: 28792235
DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2017-0051 -
Nutrients Aug 2020The aim of the study was to systematically and comprehensively evaluate whether exclusive enteral nutrition (EEN) has impact on gut microbiota in patients with Crohn's...
The aim of the study was to systematically and comprehensively evaluate whether exclusive enteral nutrition (EEN) has impact on gut microbiota in patients with Crohn's disease (CD). The databases PUBMED (MEDLINE), SCOPUS and WEB OF SCIENCE were searched. Out of 232 studies, 9 met inclusion criteria. The combined analyzed population consists of 118 patients with CD and treated with EEN with a time of intervention of 2-12 weeks. Studies were conducted in children, with the exception of one study. All applied feeding formulas had similar energy value and composition. The microbiome analysis was based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing of faecal samples. In all studies, EEN treatment decreases inflammatory markers (i.e., hs-CRP and FCP). A change in abundance of numerous bacterial families () was noticed, especially in . An increase in families connected to the more severe clinical course () was observed in only 2.5% of CD patients. Our analyses suggest EEN has a beneficial influence on gut microbiome in patients with CD, which is interrelated with clinical patient's improvement and time of disease remission.
Topics: Crohn Disease; Enteral Nutrition; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans
PubMed: 32842543
DOI: 10.3390/nu12092551