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Alzheimer's & Dementia (New York, N. Y.) 2019Foods rich in polyphenols have been positively correlated to a reduced risk of several noncommunicable diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). The aim of this... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Foods rich in polyphenols have been positively correlated to a reduced risk of several noncommunicable diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). The aim of this systematic review was to collect and evaluate all the relevant studies on the beneficial effects of polyphenols on AD.
METHODS
Studies have been collected through a systematic search on two databases: PubMed and Web of Science. Both randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies with human subjects were included.
RESULTS
A total of 24 studies were included in this review. Twelve studies found a positive correlation with reduced cognitive decline. Five studies did not find any correlation and seven studies reported mixed results. No conclusive evidence was found for phenolic acids and flavonoids.
DISCUSSION
This systematic review did not find sufficient evidence to confirm that polyphenols have beneficial effects against AD. Further RCTs of human subjects would be necessary to complete the results drawn from this research.
PubMed: 31194101
DOI: 10.1016/j.trci.2018.09.002 -
Frontiers in Medicine 2023Many eye diseases, such as diabetic retinopathy (DR), age-related macular degeneration (AMD), and cataracts are preventable and treatable with lifestyle. The objective...
Many eye diseases, such as diabetic retinopathy (DR), age-related macular degeneration (AMD), and cataracts are preventable and treatable with lifestyle. The objective of this review is to assess the most recent research on the ideal dietary approach to prevent or support the treatment of DR, AMD, and cataracts, as well as to construct a food pyramid that makes it simple for people who are at risk of developing these pathologies to decide what to eat. The food pyramid presented here proposes what should be consumed every day: 3 portions of low glycemic index (GI) grains (for fiber and zinc content), 5 portions (each portion: ≥200 g/day) of fruits and vegetables (spinach, broccoli, zucchini cooked, green leafy vegetables, orange, kiwi, grapefruit for folic acid, vitamin C, and lutein/zeaxanthin content, at least ≥42 μg/day, are to be preferred), extra virgin olive (EVO) oil (almost 20 mg/day for vitamin E and polyphenols content), nuts or oil seeds (20-30 g/day, for zinc content, at least ≥15.8 mg/day); weekly: fish (4 portions, for omega-3 content and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) + docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) 0.35-1.4 g/day), white meat (3 portions for vitamin B12 content), legumes (2 portions for vegetal proteins), eggs (2 portions for lutein/zeaxanthin content), light cheeses (2 portions for vitamin B6 content), and almost 3-4 times/week microgreen and spices (saffron and curcumin). At the top of the pyramid, there are two pennants: one green, which indicates the need for personalized supplementation (if daily requirements cannot be met through diet, omega-3, and L-methylfolate supplementation), and one red, which indicates that certain foods are prohibited (salt and sugar). Finally, 3-4 times per week, 30-40 min of aerobic and resistance exercises are required.
PubMed: 37324128
DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1168560 -
Oxidative Medicine and Cellular... 2023Sepsis is defined as a life-threatening organ dysfunction due to a dysregulated host immune response to an infection. Curcumin is a yellow polyphenol derived from the... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND AND AIMS
Sepsis is defined as a life-threatening organ dysfunction due to a dysregulated host immune response to an infection. Curcumin is a yellow polyphenol derived from the rhizome of Curcuma longa with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties scientifically proven, a condition that allowed its use as a tool in the treatment of sepsis. Thus, the purpose of this article was to systematically review the evidence on the impact of curcumin's anti-inflammatory effect on experimental sepsis.
METHODS
For this, the PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science, and LILACS databases were used, and the research was not limited to a specific publication period. Only original articles in English using experimental models (rats or mice) of sepsis induction performed by administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or cecal ligation and perforation surgery (CLP) were included in the study. Studies using curcumin in dry extract or with a high degree of purity were included. At initial screening, 546 articles were selected, and of these, 223 were eligible for primary evaluation. Finally, 12 articles with full text met all inclusion criteria. Our results showed that curcumin may inhibit sepsis-induced complications such as brain, heart, liver, lungs, and kidney damage. Curcumin can inhibit inflammatory factors, prevent oxidative stress, and regulate immune responses in sepsis. Additionally, curcumin increased significantly the survival rates after experimental sepsis in several studies. The modulation of the immune response and mortality by curcumin reinforces its protective effect on sepsis and indicates a potential therapeutic tool for the treatment of sepsis.
Topics: Rats; Mice; Animals; Curcumin; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antioxidants; Oxidative Stress; Sepsis
PubMed: 36756300
DOI: 10.1155/2023/2252213 -
Frontiers in Pharmacology 2022Cancers are a potential cause of death worldwide and represent a massive burden for healthcare systems. Treating cancers requires substantial resources, including...
Cancers are a potential cause of death worldwide and represent a massive burden for healthcare systems. Treating cancers requires substantial resources, including skilled personnel, medications, instruments, and funds. Thus, developing cancer prevention and treatment measures is necessary for healthcare personnel and patients alike. (Polygonaceae family) is a plant used as a culinary ingredient. It exhibits several pharmacological activities, such as antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer. Several classes of phytochemical constituents of have been reported. The important ones might be polyphenol and flavonoid derivatives. In this systematic review, the activities of against cancerous cells were determined and summarized. Data were obtained through a systematic search of electronic databases (EMBASE, PubMed, Scopus, Thai Thesis Database, Science Direct and Clinical Key). Eight studies met the eligibility criteria. The cancerous cell lines used in the studies were lymphoma, leukemia, oral, lung, breast, colon, and liver cancer cells. Based on this review, extracts significantly affected Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) genome-carrying human lymphoblastoid (Raji), mouse lymphocytic leukemia (P388), human acute lymphocytic leukemia (Jurkat), breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7), human colon adenocarcinoma (HT-29), human T lymphoblast (MOLT-4), human promyelocytic leukemia cell line (HL-60), human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2), and oral squamous cell carcinoma (SAS, SCC-9, HSC-3) through induction of cell apoptosis, arrest of the cell cycle, inhibition of cell proliferation, migration, and colonization. The molecular mechanism of against cancers was reported to involve suppressing essential proteins required for cell proliferation, colonization, migration, apoptosis, and angiogenesis. They were survivin, cyclin-D, cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A). The extract of was also involved in the protein kinase B (Akt)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway by inhibiting the expression of Akt, phosphorylated Akt, mTOR, and phosphorylated mTOR. From the key results of this review, is a promising chemotherapy and chemopreventive agent. Further investigation of its pharmacological activity and mechanism of action should be conducted using standardized extracts. experiments and clinical trials are required to confirm the anticancer activity.
PubMed: 35571080
DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.875016 -
International Journal of Molecular... Jan 2024Polyphenols are natural compounds also contained in daily consumed foods that show their efficacy in different clinical fields. Both pre-clinical and clinical studies... (Review)
Review
Polyphenols are natural compounds also contained in daily consumed foods that show their efficacy in different clinical fields. Both pre-clinical and clinical studies demonstrated that polyphenols may manage neuroinflammation and oxidative stress processes tightly connected to neurodegenerative diseases and mental disorders. Thus, a neuroinflammatory state may influence the neurotransmitters pathways, such as the noradrenergic, glutamatergic, serotoninergic, and, in particular, dopaminergic ones, whose impairment is strongly associated with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Therefore, the aim of the present systematic review is to provide an overview of the clinical outcomes' changes following ADHD treatment with polyphenols alone and in combination with the traditional drugs. This review was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines and recorded on PROSPERO with the number CRD42023438491; PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were used as search-engines to lead our research until June 2023. The inclusion criteria were articles written in English, including clinical, placebo-controlled, and case-control trials. We excluded reviews, metanalyses, background articles, and papers published in other languages. To avoid any bias, Rayyan software (COPYRIGHT © 2022 RAYYAN) was used to organize the work and manage the literature review. After screening, 10 studies were included, with a total of 556 patients that met the established inclusion criteria. The data obtained from these studies showed that polyphenols rebalanced oxidative stress pathways through different mechanisms, are effective for the treatment of ADHD both alone and in combination with traditional drugs, and are able to reduce symptoms as well as the side effects related to the use of conventional therapies. Finally, a positive effect of using polyphenols for ADHD prevention could be hypothesized.
Topics: Humans; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity; Polyphenols; Food; Software
PubMed: 38338814
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031536 -
International Journal of Microbiology 2022Gut microbiome dysbiosis can affect the host immune system. The balance and activity of the gut microbiome, which are influenced by daily diet, might be associated with... (Review)
Review
Gut microbiome dysbiosis can affect the host immune system. The balance and activity of the gut microbiome, which are influenced by daily diet, might be associated with disease activity in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Therefore, we conducted a systematic review based on the PRISMA guideline to explore the role and types of diet that affects the gut microbiome related to changes in SLE disease activity. All original and full-text English articles in the last ten years were included using predefined keywords according to PEO (population, exposure, and outcome) design in PubMed. The study subjects were carefully analyzed, including lupus-susceptible mice and humans with SLE on various diets. Children and pregnant women populations were excluded. Of 134 studies found, only seven full-text articles had met the inclusion criteria of which only one study conducted in human. This human study showed that dietary polyphenol as dihydrochalcones and flavanones affected the gut microbiome and ameliorated lupus disease activity. On the contrary, dietary flavones increased (family: ), and that often found in active lupus diseases. Furthermore, six studies in lupus-prone mice models showed that resistant starch (RS), retinoic acid (RA) or all-trans retinoic acid (tRA), and acidic water (AW) had influenced the gut microbiome, leading to an improved lupus development. Conversely, the 2018 commercial rodent diet, vitamin A-retinoic acid (VARA), neutral water (NW), and high tryptophan diet had impacted various microbiomes, resulting in increased lupus activity. Interestingly, several diets have the effect of either increasing or decreasing lupus disease activity depending on the microbiome they affect, such as AW associated with spp., which is frequently found in active lupus disease, and tRA in associated with renal pathology. To conclude, diet can influence the gut microbiome, which is related to the disease activity process of SLE.
PubMed: 36624775
DOI: 10.1155/2022/6908677 -
Metabolites Jan 2022Fruit and vegetables (FV) are part of a healthy diet and should be frequently consumed already at a young age. However, intake of FV is difficult to assess in children... (Review)
Review
Fruit and vegetables (FV) are part of a healthy diet and should be frequently consumed already at a young age. However, intake of FV is difficult to assess in children and adolescents due to various misreporting aspects. Thus, measurement of dietary biomarkers may be a promising alternative to assess FV intake more objectively at young age. To date, dietary biomarkers have been primarily studied in adults, and research focused on their usefulness in children is scarce. However, clinical studies have revealed important differences between children and adults, most importantly in their gut microbiome composition, resulting in differences in postprandial metabolism, as well as in food choices and meal compositions that may influence individual biomarker levels. Therefore, the present review aimed to identify biomarkers of FV intake (BFVI) currently available in children and adolescents and to explore whether there are any differences in the BFVI profile above between children and adolescents and adults. In addition, the current level of validation of BFVI in children and adolescents was examined. In total, 28 studies were eligible for this review, and 18 compounds were identified as potential biomarkers for FV intake in children and adolescents. Carotenoid concentration in skin was a valuable biomarker for total FV intake for both children and adult populations. Common BFVI in blood in adults (e.g., carotenoids and vitamin C) showed inconsistent results in children and adolescents. Biomarkers particularly useful in children included urinary hippuric acid as a biomarker of polyphenolic compound intake originating from FV and the combination of -methylnicotinic acid and acetylornithine as a biomarker of bean intake. Further studies are needed to assess their kinetics, dose-response, and other validation aspects. There is limited evidence so far regarding valid BFVI in children and adolescents. Thus, to put BFVI into practice in children and adolescents, further studies, particularly based on metabolomics, are needed to identify and validate BFVI that can be used in future epidemiological studies.
PubMed: 35208201
DOI: 10.3390/metabo12020126 -
Nutrition and Metabolic Insights 2019The prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) is rising worldwide, remaining the major cause of death in developed countries. Polyphenols have been shown to have... (Review)
Review
The prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) is rising worldwide, remaining the major cause of death in developed countries. Polyphenols have been shown to have cardioprotective properties; however, their impact on iron bioavailability and potential impact on other aspects of health is unclear. A systematic review was undertaken to evaluate the current status of the relationship between habitual polyphenol consumption, iron status, and circulating biomarkers of CVD. Following the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) 2009 guidelines, searches were performed across 5 electronic databases (PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Web of Science, and CINAHL) to identify randomized controlled trials which investigated the effects of polyphenol consumption on inflammatory markers, serum lipid profile, and iron absorption and bioavailability. In total, 1174 records were identified, with only 7 studies meeting the inclusion criteria. The selected studies involved 133 participants and used a variety of foods and supplements, including olive oil and cherries, rich in polyphenols including hydroxytyrosol, quercetin, and resveratrol, as well as catechin enriched drinks. The duration of the studies ranged from between 56 and 145 days, with total polyphenolic content of the food items and supplements ranging from 45 to 1015 mg (per 100 g). Polyphenols did not appear to interfere with iron status, and most studies reported improvements in inflammatory markers and lipid profile. While these results are promising, the limited number of studies and considerable heterogeneity across the interventions support the need for more extensive trials assessing the relationship between polyphenol intake, iron bioavailability, and CVD risk.
PubMed: 31673228
DOI: 10.1177/1178638819882739 -
Frontiers in Nutrition 2022Quantitative evidence of the metabolic and cardiovascular effects of apples () is lacking in interventional studies. This study aimed to summarize the available evidence...
BACKGROUND
Quantitative evidence of the metabolic and cardiovascular effects of apples () is lacking in interventional studies. This study aimed to summarize the available evidence of the beneficial effects of apples and apple-derived products (ADPs) on metabolic and cardiovascular markers.
METHODS
Peer-reviewed randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were identified from four databases on May 3, 2021 and regularly updated until the end of May 2021. Demographic characteristics, intervention types, and evaluation parameters were extracted. A meta-analysis on the mean difference of change scores was conducted on commonly presented outcomes in the RCTs.
RESULTS
The metabolic and cardiovascular effects of diverse regimens, including whole apple, apple extract, and apple juice, were examined in 18 eligible RCTs. Nine common evaluation outcomes were eventually introduced to the meta-analysis, including total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), triglyceride, glucose, insulin, C-reactive protein, and systolic/diastolic blood pressures. The levels of TC (-2.69 mg/dL; 95% CI: -5.43, 0.04 mg/dL) and LDL (-2.80 mg/dL; 95% CI: -5.78, 0.17 mg/dL) showed a non-significant decreasing tendency after at least a week of apple consumption. Further subgroup analysis, particularly, a comparison with placebo as a control, showed a significant reduction in TC and LDL levels. When stratified by the baseline level, subjects with high TC and LDL level were shown to have more benefits from the apple intake. Intriguingly, apple and ADPs significantly reduced HDL levels to a small extent (-1.04 mg/dL; 95% CI: -1.79, -0.29 mg/dL). The other markers were mostly unaffected by the intervention.
CONCLUSION
Our investigation revealed that apples could improve blood cholesterol levels.
SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION
[https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/], identifier [CRD42020215977].
PubMed: 35449537
DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.766155 -
Nutrients Jul 2022Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a group of diseases affecting the heart and blood vessels and is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Increasingly... (Review)
Review
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a group of diseases affecting the heart and blood vessels and is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Increasingly more evidence has shown that the senescence of vascular endothelial cells is the key to endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular diseases. Anthocyanin is a type of water-soluble polyphenol pigment and secondary metabolite of plant-based food widely existing in fruits and vegetables. The gut microbiome is involved in the metabolism of anthocyanins and mediates the biological activities of anthocyanins and their metabolites, while anthocyanins also regulate the growth of specific bacteria in the microbiota and promote the proliferation of healthy anaerobic flora. Accumulating studies have shown that anthocyanins have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-aging effects. Many animal and in vitro experiments have also proven that anthocyanins have protective effects on cardiovascular-disease-related dysfunction. However, the molecular mechanism of anthocyanin in eliminating aging endothelial cells and preventing cardiovascular diseases is very complex and is not fully understood. In this systematic review, we summarize the metabolism and activities of anthocyanins, as well as their effects on scavenging senescent cells and cardioprotection.
Topics: Animals; Anthocyanins; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diet; Endothelial Cells; Vegetables
PubMed: 35889793
DOI: 10.3390/nu14142836