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Journal of Affective Disorders Nov 2016Mood and anxiety disorders are common and disabling psychiatric disorders with known heritable risk factors. But the extent to which their heritability and familial... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE
Mood and anxiety disorders are common and disabling psychiatric disorders with known heritable risk factors. But the extent to which their heritability and familial risks can be generalized across ethnic/racial groups is still largely unknown, but remains of considerable scientific and clinical interest. The main objective in this review was to evaluate African-American (AA) representation in family and twin studies of major mood and anxiety disorders.
METHOD
We conducted key word-driven computerized searches in MEDLINE and PsycINFO and manual searches from reference lists of selected articles. Search parameters included family or twin studies, mood or anxiety disorders, and familial aggregation or heritability. US-based studies published from 1980 to 2015 were included.
RESULTS
The final selection yielded 209 studies, of which 88 did not report race/ethnicity or only reported Caucasian/white race. Of the remaining 121 studies, 66% did not include AAs, 24% included 1-10% AA, 8% included greater than 10% AA and 2 studies were exclusively AA. These trends were similar across study type, disorder and time periods spanning 35 years.
LIMITATIONS
Small samples, including the large number of studies without race/ethnicity reports, limited detailed analyses of change across time by disorder and study type. Adoption studies were not included in this review.
CONCLUSIONS
Underrepresentation of AAs in family and twin studies of affective disorders is substantial and can limit generalizability of established heritability and familial risk estimates across clinical and research settings. Additional twin and family studies focusing on AAs can be of benefit in closing this gap.
Topics: Black or African American; Anxiety Disorders; Family; Humans; Mood Disorders; Risk Factors; Twin Studies as Topic; United States; White People
PubMed: 27559631
DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2016.08.016 -
International Journal of Environmental... Nov 2021Indicative evidence suggests that the prevalence of multiple long-term conditions (i.e., conditions that cannot be cured but can be managed with medication and other... (Review)
Review
Ethnic Inequalities in Healthcare Use and Care Quality among People with Multiple Long-Term Health Conditions Living in the United Kingdom: A Systematic Review and Narrative Synthesis.
Indicative evidence suggests that the prevalence of multiple long-term conditions (i.e., conditions that cannot be cured but can be managed with medication and other treatments) may be higher in people from minoritised ethnic groups when compared to people from the White majority population. Some studies also suggest that there are ethnic inequalities in healthcare use and care quality among people with multiple long-term conditions (MLTCs). The aims of this review are to (1) identify and describe the literature that reports on ethnicity and healthcare use and care quality among people with MLTCs in the UK and (2) examine how healthcare use and/or care quality for people with MLTCs compares across ethnic groups. We registered the protocol on PROSPERO (CRD42020220702). We searched the following databases up to December 2020: ASSIA, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and Web of Science core collection. Reference lists of key articles were also hand-searched for relevant studies. The outcomes of interest were patterns of healthcare use and care quality among people with MLTCs for at least one minoritised ethnic group, compared to the White majority population in the UK. Two reviewers, L.B. and B.H., screened and extracted data from a random sample of studies (10%). B.H. independently screened and extracted data from the remaining studies. Of the 718 studies identified, 14 were eligible for inclusion. There was evidence indicating ethnic inequalities in disease management and emergency admissions among people with MLTCs in the five studies that counted more than two long-term conditions. Compared to their White counterparts, Black and Asian children and young people had higher rates of emergency admissions. Black and South Asian people were found to have suboptimal disease management compared to other ethnic groups. The findings suggest that for some minoritised ethnic group people with MLTCs there may be inadequate initiatives for managing health conditions and/or a need for enhanced strategies to reduce ethnic inequalities in healthcare. However, the few studies identified focused on a variety of conditions across different domains of healthcare use, and many of these studies used broad ethnic group categories. As such, further research focusing on MLTCs and using expanded ethnic categories in data collection is needed.
Topics: Adolescent; Asian People; Child; Delivery of Health Care; Ethnicity; Humans; Quality of Health Care; United Kingdom
PubMed: 34886325
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182312599 -
Prostate Cancer and Prostatic Diseases Sep 2023Prostate cancer (PC) is the second most diagnosed cancer in men worldwide. While racial and ethnic differences exist in incidence and mortality, increasing data suggest... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Prostate cancer (PC) is the second most diagnosed cancer in men worldwide. While racial and ethnic differences exist in incidence and mortality, increasing data suggest outcomes by race among men with newly diagnosed PC are similar. However, outcomes among races beyond Black/White have been poorly studied. Moreover, whether outcomes differ by race among men who all have metastatic PC (mPC) is unclear. This systematic literature review (SLR) provides a comprehensive synthesis of current evidence relating race to survival in mPC.
METHODS
An SLR was conducted and reported in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. MEDLINE®, Embase, and Cochrane Library using the Ovid® interface were searched for real-world studies published from January 2012 to July 2022 investigating the impact of race on overall survival (OS) and prostate cancer-specific mortality (PCSM) in patients with mPC. A supplemental search of key congresses was also conducted. Studies were appraised for risk of bias.
RESULTS
Of 3228 unique records identified, 62 records (47 full-text and 15 conference abstracts), corresponding to 54 unique studies (51 United States and 3 ex-United States) reporting on race and survival were included. While most studies showed no difference between Black vs White patients for OS (n = 21/27) or PCSM (n = 8/9), most showed that Black patients demonstrated improved OS on certain mPC treatments (n = 7/10). Most studies found no survival difference between White patients and Hispanic (OS: n = 6/8; PCSM: n = 5/6) or American Indian/Alaskan Native (AI/AN) (OS: n = 2/3; PCSM: n = 5/5). Most studies found Asian patients had improved OS (n = 3/4) and PCSM (n = 6/6) vs White patients.
CONCLUSIONS
Most studies found Black, Hispanic, and AI/AN patients with mPC had similar survival as White patients, while Black patients on certain therapies and Asian patients showed improved survival. Future studies are needed to understand what aspects of race including social determinants of health are driving these findings.
Topics: Humans; Male; American Indian or Alaska Native; Asian People; Black People; Prostate; Prostatic Neoplasms; Neoplasm Metastasis; Hispanic or Latino; Asian; White; United States; Survival Analysis
PubMed: 37592001
DOI: 10.1038/s41391-023-00710-1 -
Social Science & Medicine (1982) Apr 2023Building on historical and contemporary efforts to eliminate police and other forms of state violence, and on the understanding that police violence is a social... (Review)
Review
Building on historical and contemporary efforts to eliminate police and other forms of state violence, and on the understanding that police violence is a social determinant of health, we conducted a systematic review in which we synthesize the existing literature around 1) racial disparities in police violence; 2) health impacts of direct exposure to police violence; and 3) health impacts of indirect exposure to police violence. We screened 336 studies and excluded 246, due to not meeting our inclusion criteria. Forty-eight additional studies were excluded during the full text review, resulting in a study sample size of 42 studies. Our review showed that Black people in the US are far more likely than white people to experience a range of forms of police violence: from fatal and nonfatal shootings, to assault and psychological violence. Exposure to police violence increases risk of multiple adverse health outcomes. Moreover, police violence may operate as a vicarious and ecological exposure, producing consequences beyond those directly assaulted. In order to successfully eliminate police violence, scholars must work in alignment with social justice movements.
Topics: Humans; United States; Police; Violence; Racial Groups; Genocide; White
PubMed: 36863215
DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2023.115784 -
Genetics in Medicine : Official Journal... Aug 2021Asian Americans have been understudied in the literature on genetic and genomic services. The current study systematically identified, evaluated, and summarized findings...
PURPOSE
Asian Americans have been understudied in the literature on genetic and genomic services. The current study systematically identified, evaluated, and summarized findings from relevant qualitative and quantitative studies on genetic health care for Asian Americans.
METHODS
A search of five databases (1990 to 2018) returned 8,522 unique records. After removing duplicates, abstract/title screening, and full text review, 47 studies met inclusion criteria. Data from quantitative studies were converted into "qualitized data" and pooled together with thematic data from qualitative studies to produce a set of integrated findings.
RESULTS
Synthesis of results revealed that (1) Asian Americans are under-referred but have high uptake for genetic services, (2) linguistic/communication challenges were common and Asian Americans expected more directive genetic counseling, and (3) Asian Americans' family members were involved in testing decisions, but communication of results and risk information to family members was lower than other racial groups.
CONCLUSION
This study identified multiple barriers to genetic counseling, testing, and care for Asian Americans, as well as gaps in the research literature. By focusing on these barriers and filling these gaps, clinical genetic approaches can be tailored to meet the needs of diverse patient groups, particularly those of Asian descent.
Topics: Asian; Family; Genetic Counseling; Humans; Qualitative Research; Racial Groups
PubMed: 33972720
DOI: 10.1038/s41436-021-01169-y -
BMJ Open Sep 2022This article aims to analyse the conditions under which health mediation for healthcare use is successful and feasible for underserved populations. (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
This article aims to analyse the conditions under which health mediation for healthcare use is successful and feasible for underserved populations.
METHOD
We conducted a scoping review on the conditions for effective health mediation according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews standards. We searched for articles in the following databases: PubMed, PsychINFO, Scopus and Cairn published between 1 January 2015 and 18 December 2020. We selected the articles concerning health mediation interventions or similar, implemented in high-income countries and conducted among underserved populations, along with articles that questioned their effectiveness conditions. We created a two-dimensional analysis grid of the data collected: a descriptive dimension of the intervention and an analytical dimension of the conditions for the success and feasability of health mediation.
RESULTS
22 articles were selected and analysed. The scoping review underlines many health mediation characteristics that articulate education and healthcare system navigation actions, along with mobilisation, engagement, and collaboration of local actors among themselves and with the populations. The conditions for the success and the feasability were grouped in a conceptual framework of health mediation.
CONCLUSION
The scoping review allows us to establish an initial framework for analysing the conditions for the success and the feasability of health mediation and to question the consistency of the health mediation approach regarding cross-cutting tensions and occasionally divergent logic.
Topics: Delivery of Health Care; Feasibility Studies; Humans; Income; Population Groups; Vulnerable Populations
PubMed: 36127102
DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-062051 -
The International Journal of Behavioral... Jun 2016Regular physical activity is associated with physical, social and mental health benefits, whilst insufficient physical activity is associated with several negative... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study Review
Variation in population levels of physical activity in European children and adolescents according to cross-European studies: a systematic literature review within DEDIPAC.
BACKGROUND
Regular physical activity is associated with physical, social and mental health benefits, whilst insufficient physical activity is associated with several negative health outcomes (e.g. metabolic problems). Population monitoring of physical activity is important to gain insight into prevalence of compliance to physical activity recommendations, groups at risk and changes in physical activity patterns. This review aims to provide an overview of all existing studies that measure physical activity in youth, in cross-European studies, to describe the variation in population levels of physical activity and to describe and define challenges regarding assessment methods that are used.
METHODS
A systematic search was performed on six databases (PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, SportDiscus and OpenGrey), supplemental forward- and backward tracking was done and authors' and experts' literature databases were searched to identify relevant articles. Journal articles or reports that reported levels of physical activity in the general population of youth from cross-European studies were included. Data were reviewed, extracted and assessed by two researchers, with disagreements being resolved by a third researcher. The review protocol of this review is published under registration number CRD42014010684 in the PROSPERO database.
RESULTS
The search resulted in 9756 identified records of which 30 articles were included in the current review. This review revealed large differences between countries in prevalence of compliance to physical activity recommendations (i.e. 60 min of daily moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity (MVPA)) measured subjectively (5-47%) and accelerometer measured minutes of MVPA (23-200 min). Overall boys and children were more active than girls and adolescents. Different measurement methods (subjective n = 12, objective n = 18) and reported outcome variables (n = 17) were used in the included articles. Different accelerometer intensity thresholds used to define MVPA resulted in substantial differences in MVPA between studies conducted in the same countries when assessed objectively.
CONCLUSIONS
Reported levels of physical activity and prevalence of compliance to physical activity recommendations in youth showed large variation across European countries. This may reflect true variation in physical activity as well as variation in assessment methods and reported outcome variables. Standardization across Europe, of methods to assess physical activity in youth and reported outcome variables is warranted, preferably moving towards a pan-European surveillance system combining objective and self-report methods.
Topics: Adolescent; Adolescent Behavior; Child; Child Behavior; Cross-Cultural Comparison; Ethnicity; Europe; Exercise; Female; Health Behavior; Humans; Male; Public Health; Sedentary Behavior
PubMed: 27350134
DOI: 10.1186/s12966-016-0396-4 -
BMC Public Health Jun 2012The Asian population is one of the fastest growing ethnic minority groups in western countries. However, cancer screening uptake is consistently lower in this group than... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
The Asian population is one of the fastest growing ethnic minority groups in western countries. However, cancer screening uptake is consistently lower in this group than in the native-born populations. As a first step towards developing an effective cancer screening intervention program targeting Asian women, we conducted a comprehensive systematic review, without geographic, language or date limitations, to update current knowledge on the effectiveness of existing intervention strategies to enhance breast and cervical screening uptake in Asian women.
METHODS
This study systematically reviewed studies published as of January 2010 to synthesize knowledge about effectiveness of cancer screening interventions targeting Asian women. Fifteen multidisciplinary peer-reviewed and grey literature databases were searched to identify relevant studies.
RESULTS
The results of our systematic review were reported in accordance with the PRISMA Statement. Of 37 selected intervention studies, only 18 studies included valid outcome measures (i.e. self-reported or recorded receipt of mammograms or Pap smear). 11 of the 18 intervention studies with valid outcome measures used multiple intervention strategies to target individuals in a specific Asian ethnic group. This observed pattern of intervention design supports the hypothesis that employing a combination of multiple strategies is more likely to be successful than single interventions. The effectiveness of community-based or workplace-based group education programs increases when additional supports, such as assistance in scheduling/attending screening and mobile screening services are provided. Combining cultural awareness training for health care professionals with outreach workers who can help healthcare professionals overcome language and cultural barriers is likely to improve cancer screening uptake. Media campaigns and mailed culturally sensitive print materials alone may be ineffective in increasing screening uptake. Intervention effectiveness appears to vary with ethnic population, methods of program delivery, and study setting.
CONCLUSIONS
Despite some limitations, our review has demonstrated that the effectiveness of existing interventions to promote breast and cervical cancer screening uptake in Asian women may hinge on a variety of factors, such as type of intervention and study population characteristics. While some studies demonstrated the effectiveness of certain intervention programs, the cost effectiveness and long-term sustainability of these programs remain questionable. When adopting an intervention program, it is important to consider the impacts of social-and cultural factors specific to the Asian population on cancer screening uptake. Future research is needed to develop new interventions and tools, and adopt vigorous study design and evaluation methodologies to increase cancer screening among Asian women to promote population health and health equity.
Topics: Asian People; Breast Neoplasms; Early Detection of Cancer; Female; Health Promotion; Humans; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms
PubMed: 22676147
DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-12-413 -
American Journal of Human Biology : the... 2015This study aims at performing a systematic review and meta-analysis with the studies of genetic admixture inference of Brazilian population and to compare these results... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
OBJECTIVES
This study aims at performing a systematic review and meta-analysis with the studies of genetic admixture inference of Brazilian population and to compare these results with the genetic admixture levels in other Latin American countries.
METHODS
We searched for articles regarding the estimation of Brazilian genetic admixture published between 1980 and 2014 that used autosomal markers. Then, conducted meta-analyses at the whole-country and regional level. Finally, we compared the results of Brazil with other estimates from other South, Central and North American countries.
RESULTS
We analyzed data from 25 studies in 38 different Brazilian populations. European (EUR) ancestry is the major contributor to the genetic background of Brazilians, followed by African (AFR), and Amerindian (AMR) ancestries. The pooled ancestry contributions were 0.62 EUR, 0.21 AFR, and 0.17AMR. The Southern region had a greater EUR contribution (0.77) than other regions. Individuals from the Northeast (NE) region had the highest AFR contribution (0.27) whereas individuals from the North regions had more AMR contribution (0.32). In the Latin America context, Brazil has the 5th high EUR contribution, the 12th for the AFR component and the 10th for the AMR ancestry.
CONCLUSIONS
Admixture proportions vary greatly among Brazilian populations and also through Latin America. More studies in the Center-West, North and NE regions are needed to capture a more complete picture of the genomic ancestry of Brazil.
Topics: Brazil; Ethnicity; Gene Frequency; Genetic Variation; Humans
PubMed: 25820814
DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.22714 -
Frontiers in Public Health 2024During the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, there have been many studies on knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) toward prevention of COVID-19... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
During the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, there have been many studies on knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) toward prevention of COVID-19 infection in China. Except for symptomatic treatment and vaccination, KAP toward COVID-19 plays an important role in the prevention of COVID-19. There is no systematic evaluation and meta-analysis of KAP toward COVID-19 in China. This study is the earliest meta-analysis of KAP toward COVID-19 in China's general population. Hence, this systematic review aimed to summarize the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of Chinese residents toward COVID-19 during the pandemic.
METHODOLOGY
Following the PRISMA guidelines, articles relevant to COVID-19 KAP that were conducted among the Chinese population were found in databases such as Scopus, ProQuest, PubMed, EMbase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, China Biology Medicine, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, CQVIP, Wanfang and Google Scholar. A random-effect meta-analysis is used to summarize studies on knowledge, attitudes, and practice levels toward COVID-19 infection in China's general population.
RESULTS
Fifty-seven articles published between August 2020 and November 2022 were included in this review. Overall, 75% (95% CI: 72-79%) of Chinese residents had good knowledge about COVID-19, 80% (95% CI: 73-87%) of Chinese residents had a positive attitude toward COVID-19 pandemic control and prevention (they believe that Chinese people will win the battle against the epidemic), and the aggregated proportion of residents with a correct practice toward COVID-19 was 84% (95% CI: 82-87%, = 99.7%).In the gender subgroup analysis, there is no significant difference between Chinese men and Chinese women in terms of their understanding of COVID-19. However, Chinese women tend to have slightly higher levels of knowledge and a more positive attitude toward the virus compared to Chinese men. When considering the urban and rural subgroup analysis, it was found that Chinese urban residents have a better understanding of COVID-19 compared to Chinese rural residents. Interestingly, the rural population displayed higher rates of correct behavior and positive attitudes toward COVID-19 compared to the urban population. Furthermore, in the subgroup analysis based on different regions in China, the eastern, central, and southwestern regions exhibited higher levels of knowledge awareness compared to other regions. It is worth noting that all regions in China demonstrated good rates of correct behavior and positive attitudes toward COVID-19.
CONCLUSION
This study reviews the level of KAP toward COVID-19 during the pandemic period in China. The results show that the KAP toward COVID-19 in Chinese residents was above a favorable level, but the lack of translation of knowledge into practice should be further reflected on and improved. A subgroup analysis suggests that certain groups need more attention, such as males and people living in rural areas. Policy makers should pay attention to the results of this study and use them as a reference for the development of prevention and control strategies for major public health events that may occur in the future.
SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION
https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.php?RecordID=348246, CRD42022348246.
Topics: Female; Humans; Male; China; COVID-19; East Asian People; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; Pandemics; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 38496394
DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1279293