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European Journal of Vascular and... Jan 2017The importance of antiplatelet therapy for the management and prevention of ischaemic stroke cannot be overstated. Despite the established guidelines, there is no clear... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
The importance of antiplatelet therapy for the management and prevention of ischaemic stroke cannot be overstated. Despite the established guidelines, there is no clear consensus on how to manage antiplatelet therapy during and after carotid interventions.
OBJECTIVE
The objective was to undertake a systematic literature review and perform a meta-analysis to assess the effects of dual antiplatelet therapy in carotid endarterectomy (CEA) and stenting (CAS).
DATA SOURCES
Electronic information sources (MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, CENTRAL) and bibliographic reference lists were searched to identify randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies reporting comparative outcomes of dual versus single antiplatelet therapy in CEA and CAS.
METHODS
Primary outcomes were mortality and stroke within 30 days of intervention. Secondary outcomes were transient ischaemic attack (TIA), major bleeding, groin or neck haematoma, and myocardial infarction (MI). Dichotomous outcome measures were reported using the risk difference (RD) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Combined overall treatment effects were calculated using fixed-effect or random-effects models.
RESULTS
Three RCTs and seven observational studies were identified reporting a total of 36,881 CEAs and 150 CAS procedures. In CEA, there were no differences in stroke/TIA/death between single and dual antiplatelet therapy, but there was a significant risk of major bleeding (RD, 0.00; 95% CI, 0.00-0.01; p = .0003) and neck haematoma with dual therapy (RD, 0.04; 95% CI, 0.01-0.06; p = .001). In addition, the rate of MI was higher in the dual therapy group than the single therapy group (RD, 0.00; 95% CI, 0.00-0.01; p = .003). In CAS, there was no difference in major bleeding or haematoma formation, but a significant difference in TIA in favour of dual therapy was identified (RD -0.13, 95% CI, -0.22 to -0.05; p = .003).
CONCLUSIONS
Dual antiplatelet therapy demonstrates advantages over single therapy only in CAS, as indicated by a reduced risk of TIA. Dual antiplatelet therapy was associated with an increased risk of bleeding complications in patients undergoing CEA.
Topics: Drug Therapy, Combination; Endarterectomy, Carotid; Hematoma; Hemorrhage; Humans; Ischemic Attack, Transient; Myocardial Infarction; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; Postoperative Complications; Stents; Stroke
PubMed: 27894896
DOI: 10.1016/j.ejvs.2016.10.011 -
Surgical Endoscopy Jul 2014Peripancreatic pseudoaneurysms can arise in a number of different clinical settings but are associated mostly with pancreatitis and pancreatobiliary surgery. The aim of... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Peripancreatic pseudoaneurysms can arise in a number of different clinical settings but are associated mostly with pancreatitis and pancreatobiliary surgery. The aim of this study is to review the current literature and to propose a management classification system based on the pathophysiological processes and the exact anatomical site of peripancreatic pseudoaneurysms.
METHODS
A systematic review of the literature from 1995 to 2012 was performed. Articles on studies describing peripancreatic pseudoaneurysms in the setting of pancreatitis or major hepatic or pancreatic surgery with more than ten patients were included. Seventeen eligible studies were identified and reviewed.
RESULTS
The demographic characteristics of the patients in all studies were similar with a predominance of males and a mean age of 55 years. The overall mortality rate varied greatly among the studies, ranging from 0 to 60%. Embolisation was the first line of management in the majority of the studies, with surgery reserved for failed embolisation or for haemodynamically unstable cases. Embolisation of the hepatic artery or its branches was associated with high rates of morbidity (56%) and hepatic failure (19%). More recent studies show that stents are used increasingly for vessels that cannot be embolised safely. Late bleeding, a major cause of mortality and morbidity, is generally underreported. The proposed classification system is based on three factors: (1) the type of artery from which the pseudoaneurysm arises, (2) whether communication with the gastrointestinal tract is present, and (3) whether there is high concentration of pancreatic juice at the bleeding site.
CONCLUSION
The management of peripancreatic pseudoaneurysms usually comprises a combination of interventional radiology and surgery and this may be assisted by a logical classification system.
Topics: Aged; Aneurysm, False; Embolization, Therapeutic; Female; Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage; Hepatic Artery; Humans; Male; Mesenteric Arteries; Middle Aged; Pancreas; Pancreatitis; Patient Selection; Postoperative Complications; Rupture; Splenic Artery; Stents
PubMed: 24519028
DOI: 10.1007/s00464-014-3434-9 -
Neuroradiology Apr 2016Treatment of complex anterior circulation aneurysms with flow diverters (FDs) has become common practice in neurovascular centers. However, this treatment method for... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
INTRODUCTION
Treatment of complex anterior circulation aneurysms with flow diverters (FDs) has become common practice in neurovascular centers. However, this treatment method for posterior circulation aneurysms (PCAs) still remains controversial.
METHODS
Through searches for reports on the treatment of PCAs with FDs, we conducted a systematic review of the literature on its clinical efficacy and safety using random-effect binomial meta-analysis.
RESULTS
We included 14 studies, which reported on a total of 225 PCAs in 220 patients. Procedure-related good outcome rate was 79% (95% confidence interval (CI), 72-84), with significantly lower odds among patients with ruptured aneurysms and basilar artery aneurysms. Procedure-related mortality rate was 15% (95% CI 10-21), with significantly higher rates among patients with giant aneurysms and basilar artery aneurysms. The rate of complete aneurysm occlusion at 6-month digital subtraction angiography (DSA) was 84%. Ischemic stroke rate was 11%. Perforator infarction rate was 7%. Postoperative subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) rate was 3%. Intraparenchymal hemorrhage (IPH) rate was 4%.
CONCLUSIONS
Flow diverter treatment of PCAs is an effective method, which provides a high rate of complete occlusion at 6-month DSA. However, compared with anterior circulation aneurysms, patients with PCAs are at significantly higher risk of mortality, ischemic stroke and perforator infarction. Our findings indicate that, in most clinical centers, flow diverter treatment of PCAs should be conducted in carefully selected patients with poor natural history and no optimal treatment strategy. For ruptured and giant basilar artery aneurysms, there is still no good treatment option.
Topics: Blood Vessel Prosthesis; Endovascular Procedures; Humans; Intracranial Aneurysm; Stents
PubMed: 26801480
DOI: 10.1007/s00234-016-1649-2 -
The Cochrane Database of Systematic... Mar 2023Acute primary angle closure (APAC) is a potentially blinding condition. It is one of the few ophthalmic emergencies and carries high rates of visual morbidity in the... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Acute primary angle closure (APAC) is a potentially blinding condition. It is one of the few ophthalmic emergencies and carries high rates of visual morbidity in the absence of timely intervention. Laser peripheral iridotomy (LPI) has been the standard of care thus far. However, LPI does not eliminate the long-term risk of chronic angle closure glaucoma and other associated sequelae. There has been increasing interest in lens extraction as the primary treatment for the spectrum of primary angle closure disease, and it is as yet unclear whether these results can be extrapolated to APAC, and whether lens extraction provides better long-term outcomes. We therefore sought to evaluate the effectiveness of lens extraction in APAC to help inform the decision-making process. OBJECTIVES: To assess the effect of lens extraction compared to LPI in the treatment of APAC.
SEARCH METHODS
We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (which contains the Cochrane Eyes and Vision Trials Register) (2022, Issue 1), Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid MEDLINE E-pub Ahead of Print, Ovid MEDLINE In-Process and Other Non-Indexed Citations, Ovid MEDLINE Daily (January 1946 to 10 January 2022), Embase (January 1947 to 10 January 2022), PubMed (1946 to 10 January 2022), Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature Database (LILACS) (1982 to 10 January 2022), ClinicalTrials.gov, and the World Health Organization (WHO) International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP). We did not use any date or language restrictions in the electronic search. We last searched the electronic databases on 10 January 2022.
SELECTION CRITERIA
We included randomized controlled clinical trials comparing lens extraction against LPI in adult participants ( ≥ 35 years) with APAC in one or both eyes.
DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
We used standard Cochrane methodology and assessed the certainty of the body of evidence for prespecified outcomes using the GRADE approach.
MAIN RESULTS
We included two studies conducted in Hong Kong and Singapore, comprising 99 eyes (99 participants) of predominantly Chinese origin. The two studies compared LPI with phacoemulsification performed by experienced surgeons. We assessed that both studies were at high risk of bias. There were no studies evaluating other types of lens extraction procedures. Phacoemulsification may result in an increased proportion of participants with intraocular pressure (IOP) control compared with LPI at 18 to 24 months (risk ratio (RR) 1.66, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.28 to 2.15; 2 studies, n = 97; low certainty evidence) and may reduce the need for further IOP-lowering surgery within 24 months (RR 0.07, 96% CI 0.01 to 0.51; 2 studies, n = 99; very low certainty evidence). Phacoemulsification may result in a lower mean IOP at 12 months compared to LPI (mean difference (MD) -3.20, 95% CI -4.79 to -1.61; 1 study, n = 62; low certainty evidence) and a slightly lower mean number of IOP-lowering medications at 18 months (MD -0.87, 95% CI -1.28 to -0.46; 1 study, n = 60; low certainty evidence), but this may not be clinically significant. Phacoemulsification may have little to no effect on the proportion of participants with one or more recurrent APAC episodes in the same eye (RR 0.32, 95% CI 0.01 to 7.30; 1 study, n = 37; very low certainty evidence). Phacoemulsification may result in a wider iridocorneal angle assessed by Shaffer grading at six months (MD 1.15, 95% CI 0.83 to 1.47; 1 study, n = 62; very low certainty evidence). Phacoemulsification may have little to no effect on logMAR best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) at six months (MD -0.09, 95% CI -0.20 to 0.02; 2 studies, n = 94; very low certainty evidence). There was no evidence of a difference in the extent of peripheral anterior synechiae (PAS) (clock hours) between intervention arms at 6 months (MD -1.86, 95% CI -7.03 to 3.32; 2 studies, n = 94; very low certainty evidence), although the phacoemulsification group may have less PAS (degrees) at 12 months (MD -94.20, 95% CI -140.37 to -48.03; 1 study, n = 62) and 18 months (MD -127.30, 95% CI -168.91 to -85.69; 1 study, n = 60). In one study, there were 26 adverse events in the phacoemulsification group: intraoperative corneal edema (n = 12), posterior capsular rupture (n = 1), intraoperative bleeding from iris root (n = 1), postoperative fibrinous anterior chamber reaction (n = 7), and visually significant posterior capsular opacification (n = 5), and no cases of suprachoroidal hemorrhage or endophthalmitis. There were four adverse events in the LPI group: closed iridotomy (n = 1) and small iridotomies that required supplementary laser (n = 3). In the other study, there was one adverse event in the phacoemulsification group (IOP > 30 mmHg on day 1 postoperatively (n = 1)), and no intraoperative complications. There were five adverse events in the LPI group: transient hemorrhage (n = 1), corneal burn (n = 1), and repeated LPI because of non-patency (n = 3). Neither study reported health- or vision-related quality of life measures.
AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS
Low certainty evidence suggests that early lens extraction may produce more favorable outcomes compared to initial LPI in terms of IOP control. Evidence for other outcomes is less clear. Future high-quality and longer-term studies evaluating the effects of either intervention on the development of glaucomatous damage and visual field changes as well as health-related quality of life measures would be helpful.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Cataract Extraction; Glaucoma; Intraocular Pressure; Phacoemulsification; Quality of Life
PubMed: 36884304
DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD015116.pub2 -
Pain Physician Mar 2022Postoperative pain after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is intense and remains an unsolved problem. Some studies show that perioperative, multimodal analgesia, including... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Postoperative pain after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is intense and remains an unsolved problem. Some studies show that perioperative, multimodal analgesia, including intravenous dexamethasone, can provide a better analgesic effect; however, the validity of studies has raised concerns and questions remain around the efficacy, dosing, and safety of dexamethasone in patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty.
OBJECTIVES
The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the impact of intravenous dexamethasone on postoperative pain among patients undergoing TKA.
STUDY DESIGN
Systematic review and meta-analysis.
SETTING
Web of Science, Embase, PubMed, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched to identify relevant randomized controlled trials. The last search was in August 2021.
METHODS
The risk of bias of the included trials was assessed by the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool. The primary outcome was postoperative visual analog scale (VAS) pain scores and secondary outcomes included cumulative equivalent intravenous morphine consumption, number of patients requiring rescue analgesic, length of hospital stay, and adverse events. We assessed the certainty of evidence according to the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach.
RESULTS
Eleven studies with 1,671 patients were included. The pooled results indicated that patients receiving dexamethasone had lower VAS pain scores at rest (24 h, MD = -0.68, [95% CI: -0.87 to -0.49]; 48 h, MD = -0.33, [95% CI: -0.46 to -0.21]) and at movement (24 h, MD = -0.74, [95% CI: -1.10 to -0.37]; 48 h, MD = -0.46, [95% CI: -0.66 to -0.26]), required less morphine (24 h, MD = -2.84 mg, [95% CI: -5.13 to -0.54]; 48 h, MD= -4.16 mg, [95% CI: -5.55 to -2.78]) and rescue analgesics, and had shorter hospitalization. There was no increase in infection, gastrointestinal hemorrhage, wound healing problems, or blood glucose levels with dexamethasone. Subgroup analysis did not observe difference between single dose and repeat dose groups.
LIMITATIONS
The perioperative multimodal analgesia measures were varied throughout the studies. The sample size was small for some outcomes and high heterogeneity was observed.
CONCLUSIONS
Our results supported the addition of perioperative intravenous dexamethasone to multimodal analgesia in total knee arthroplasty to reduce postoperative pain, opioids consumption, and length of hospital stay. Current evidence did not support the superiority of repeated-dose dexamethasone over single-dose dexamethasone; thus, we recommended perioperative 8-10 mg intravenous dexamethasone to be used based on adequate basic analgesia; however, the results may have been affected by small sample sizes and heterogeneity.
Topics: Analgesics; Analgesics, Opioid; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee; Dexamethasone; Humans; Morphine; Pain Measurement; Pain, Postoperative
PubMed: 35322969
DOI: No ID Found -
Frontiers in Neurology 2024This study aimed to explore the prevalence and risk factors of early postoperative seizures in patients with glioma through meta-analysis.
OBJECTIVE
This study aimed to explore the prevalence and risk factors of early postoperative seizures in patients with glioma through meta-analysis.
METHODS
Case-control studies and cohort studies on the prevalence and risk factors of early postoperative seizures in glioma patients were retrieved from various databases including CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science, and the retrieval deadline for the data was 1 April 2023. Stata15.0 was used to analyze the data.
RESULTS
This review included 11 studies consisting of 488 patients with early postoperative seizures and 2,051 patients without early postoperative seizures. The research findings suggest that the prevalence of glioma is complicated by seizures (ES = 19%, 95% confidence interval [CI] [14%-25%]). The results also indicated a history of seizures (RR = 1.94, 95% CI [1.76, 2.14], = 0.001), preoperative dyskinesia (RR = 3.13, 95% CI [1.20, 8.15], = 0.02), frontal lobe tumor (RR = 1.45, 95% CI [1.16, 1.83], = 0.001), pathological grade ≤2 (RR = 1.74, 95% CI [1.13, 2.67], = 0.012), tumor≥ 3 cm (RR = 1.70, 95% CI [1.18, 2.45], = 0.005), tumor resection (RR = 1.60, 95% CI [1.36, 1.88], = 0.001), tumor edema ≥ 2 cm (RR = 1.77, 95% CI [1.40, 2.25], = 0.001), and glioma cavity hemorrhage (RR=3.15, 95% CI [1.85, 5.37], = 0.001). The multivariate analysis results showed that a history of seizures, dyskinesia, tumor ≥3 cm, peritumoral edema ≥2 cm, and glioma cavity hemorrhage were indicated as risk factors for glioma complicated with early postoperative seizures.
SIGNIFICANCE
Based on the existing evidence, seizure history, dyskinesia, frontal lobe tumor, pathological grade ≤2, tumor ≥3 cm, partial tumor resection, edema around tumor ≥2 cm, and glioma cavity hemorrhage are indicated as risk factors for glioma complicated with early postoperative seizures.
PubMed: 38572493
DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2024.1356715 -
The Cochrane Database of Systematic... Feb 2020Neovascular glaucoma (NVG) is a potentially blinding, secondary glaucoma. It is caused by the formation of abnormal new blood vessels, which prevent normal drainage of... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Neovascular glaucoma (NVG) is a potentially blinding, secondary glaucoma. It is caused by the formation of abnormal new blood vessels, which prevent normal drainage of aqueous from the anterior segment of the eye. Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) medications are specific inhibitors of the primary mediators of neovascularization. Studies have reported the effectiveness of anti-VEGF medications for the control of intraocular pressure (IOP) in NVG.
OBJECTIVES
To assess the effectiveness of intraocular anti-VEGF medications, alone or with one or more type of conventional therapy, compared with no anti-VEGF medications for the treatment of NVG.
SEARCH METHODS
We searched CENTRAL (which contains the Cochrane Eyes and Vision Trials Register); MEDLINE; Embase; PubMed; and LILACS to 22 March 2019; metaRegister of Controlled Trials to 13 August 2013; and two additional trial registers to 22 March 2019. We did not use any date or language restrictions in the electronic search for trials.
SELECTION CRITERIA
We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of people treated with anti-VEGF medications for NVG.
DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
Two review authors independently assessed the search results for trials, extracted data, and assessed risk of bias, and the certainty of the evidence. We resolved discrepancies through discussion.
MAIN RESULTS
We included four RCTs (263 participants) and identified one ongoing RCT. Each trial was conducted in a different country: China, Brazil, Egypt, and Japan. We assessed the trials to have an unclear risk of bias for most domains due to insufficient information. Two trials compared intravitreal bevacizumab combined with Ahmed valve implantation and panretinal photocoagulation (PRP) with Ahmed valve implantation and PRP. We did not combine these two trials due to substantial clinical and statistical heterogeneity. One trial randomised participants to receive an injection of either an intravitreal anti-VEGF medication or placebo at the first visit, followed by non-randomised treatment according to clinical findings after one week. The last trial randomised participants to PRP with and without ranibizumab, but details of the study were unavailable for further analysis. Two trials that examined IOP showed inconsistent results. One found inconclusive results for mean IOP between participants who received anti-VEGF medications and those who did not, at one month (mean difference [MD] -1.60 mmHg, 95% confidence interval [CI] -4.98 to 1.78; 40 participants), and at one year (MD 1.40 mmHg, 95% CI -4.04 to 6.84; 30 participants). Sixty-five percent of the participants with anti-VEGF medications achieved IOP ≤ 21 mmHg, versus 60% without anti-VEGF medications. In another trial, those who received anti-VEGF medications were more likely to reduce their IOP than those who did not receive them, at one month (MD -6.50 mmHg, 95% CI -7.93 to -5.07; 40 participants), and at one year (MD -12.00 mmHg, 95% CI -16.79 to -7.21; 40 participants). Ninety-five percent of the participants with anti-VEGF medications achieved IOP ≤ 21 mmHg, versus 50% without anti-VEGF medications. The certainty of a body of evidence was low for this outcome due to limitations in the design and inconsistency of results between studies. Post-operative complications included anterior chamber bleeding (3 eyes) and conjunctival hemorrhage (2 participants) in the anti-VEGF medications group, and retinal detachment and phthisis bulbi (1 participant each) in the control group. The certainty of evidence is low due to imprecision of results and indirectness of evidence. No trial reported the proportion of participants with improvement in visual acuity, proportion of participants with complete regression of new iris vessels, or the proportion of participants with relief of pain and resolution of redness at four- to six-week, or one-year follow-up.
AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS
Currently available evidence is uncertain regarding the long-term effectiveness of anti-VEGF medications, such as intravitreal ranibizumab or bevacizumab or aflibercept, as an adjunct to conventional treatment in lowering IOP in NVG. More research is needed to investigate the long-term effect of these medications compared with, or in addition to, conventional surgical or medical treatment in lowering IOP in NVG.
Topics: Endothelial Growth Factors; Glaucoma, Neovascular; Humans; Intraocular Pressure; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; Visual Acuity
PubMed: 32027392
DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD007920.pub3 -
The Cochrane Database of Systematic... Mar 2023Neonates may undergo surgery because of malformations such as diaphragmatic hernia, gastroschisis, congenital heart disease, and hypertrophic pyloric stenosis, or... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Neonates may undergo surgery because of malformations such as diaphragmatic hernia, gastroschisis, congenital heart disease, and hypertrophic pyloric stenosis, or complications of prematurity, such as necrotizing enterocolitis, spontaneous intestinal perforation, and retinopathy of prematurity that require surgical treatment. Options for treatment of postoperative pain include opioids, non-pharmacological interventions, and other drugs. Morphine, fentanyl, and remifentanil are the opioids most often used in neonates. However, negative impact of opioids on the structure and function of the developing brain has been reported. The assessment of the effects of opioids is of utmost importance, especially for neonates in substantial pain during the postoperative period.
OBJECTIVES
To evaluate the benefits and harms of systemic opioid analgesics in neonates who underwent surgery on all-cause mortality, pain, and significant neurodevelopmental disability compared to no intervention, placebo, non-pharmacological interventions, different types of opioids, or other drugs.
SEARCH METHODS
We searched Cochrane CENTRAL, MEDLINE via PubMed and CINAHL in May 2021. We searched the WHO ICTRP, clinicaltrials.gov, and ICTRP trial registries. We searched conference proceedings, and the reference lists of retrieved articles for RCTs and quasi-RCTs. SELECTION CRITERIA: We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) conducted in preterm and term infants of a postmenstrual age up to 46 weeks and 0 days with postoperative pain where systemic opioids were compared to 1) placebo or no intervention; 2) non-pharmacological interventions; 3) different types of opioids; or 4) other drugs. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: We used standard Cochrane methods. Our primary outcomes were pain assessed with validated methods, all-cause mortality during initial hospitalization, major neurodevelopmental disability, and cognitive and educational outcomes in children more than five years old. We used the fixed-effect model with risk ratio (RR) and risk difference (RD) for dichotomous data and mean difference (MD) for continuous data. We used GRADE to assess the certainty of evidence for each outcome.
MAIN RESULTS
We included four RCTs enrolling 331 infants in four countries across different continents. Most studies considered patients undergoing large or medium surgical procedures (including major thoracic or abdominal surgery), who potentially required pain control through opioid administration after surgery. The randomized trials did not consider patients undergoing minor surgery (including inguinal hernia repair) and those individuals exposed to opioids before the beginning of the trial. Two RCTs compared opioids with placebo; one fentanyl with tramadol; and one morphine with paracetamol. No meta-analyses could be performed because the included RCTs reported no more than three outcomes within the prespecified comparisons. Certainty of the evidence was very low for all outcomes due to imprecision of the estimates (downgrade by two levels) and study limitations (downgrade by one level). Comparison 1: opioids versus no treatment or placebo Two trials were included in this comparison, comparing either tramadol or tapentadol with placebo. No data were reported on the following critical outcomes: pain; major neurodevelopmental disability; or cognitive and educational outcomes in children more than five years old. The evidence is very uncertain about the effect of tramadol compared with placebo on all-cause mortality during initial hospitalization (RR 0.32, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 0.01 to 7.70; RD -0.03, 95% CI -0.10 to 0.05, 71 participants, 1 study; I² = not applicable). No data were reported on: retinopathy of prematurity; or intraventricular hemorrhage. Comparison 2: opioids versus non-pharmacological interventions No trials were included in this comparison. Comparison 3: head-to-head comparisons of different opioids One trial comparing fentanyl with tramadol was included in this comparison. No data were reported on the following critical outcomes: pain; major neurodevelopmental disability; or cognitive and educational outcomes in children more than five years old. The evidence is very uncertain about the effect of fentanyl compared with tramadol on all-cause mortality during initial hospitalization (RR 0.99, 95% CI 0.59 to 1.64; RD 0.00, 95% CI -0.13 to 0.13, 171 participants, 1 study; I² = not applicable). No data were reported on: retinopathy of prematurity; or intraventricular hemorrhage. Comparison 4: opioids versus other analgesics and sedatives One trial comparing morphine with paracetamol was included in this comparison. The evidence is very uncertain about the effect of morphine compared with paracetamol on COMFORT pain scores (MD 0.10, 95% CI -0.85 to 1.05; 71 participants, 1 study; I² = not applicable). No data were reported on the other critical outcomes, i.e. major neurodevelopmental disability; cognitive and educational outcomes in children more than five years old, all-cause mortality during initial hospitalization; retinopathy of prematurity; or intraventricular hemorrhage.
AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS
Limited evidence is available on opioid administration for postoperative pain in newborn infants compared to either placebo, other opioids, or paracetamol. We are uncertain whether tramadol reduces mortality compared to placebo; none of the studies reported pain scores, major neurodevelopmental disability, cognitive and educational outcomes in children older than five years old, retinopathy of prematurity, or intraventricular hemorrhage. We are uncertain whether fentanyl reduces mortality compared to tramadol; none of the studies reported pain scores, major neurodevelopmental disability, cognitive and educational outcomes in children older than five years old, retinopathy of prematurity, or intraventricular hemorrhage. We are uncertain whether morphine reduces pain compared to paracetamol; none of the studies reported major neurodevelopmental disability, cognitive and educational outcomes in children more than five years old, all-cause mortality during initial hospitalization, retinopathy of prematurity, or intraventricular hemorrhage. We identified no studies comparing opioids versus non-pharmacological interventions.
Topics: Child; Infant; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Child, Preschool; Analgesics, Opioid; Tramadol; Acetaminophen; Retinopathy of Prematurity; Analgesics; Fentanyl; Morphine; Pain, Postoperative; Cerebral Hemorrhage
PubMed: 36870076
DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD014876.pub2 -
Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral... Mar 2023The recommendations for the management of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) in oral surgery are inconsistent. The present review evaluated whether DOACs increase the... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
The recommendations for the management of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) in oral surgery are inconsistent. The present review evaluated whether DOACs increase the risk of bleeding during oral surgery and postoperative complications.
STUDY DESIGN
The patients undergoing oral surgery and receiving a DOAC were compared with the patients receiving a DOAC different from the exposure, a vitamin K antagonist (VKA), or no anticoagulant. Three electronic databases were searched for eligible clinical trials and systematic reviews. The risk of bias was assessed, data were extracted, a meta-analysis was done, and the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations certainty-of-evidence ratings were determined.
RESULTS
Three clinical trials comparing patients receiving DOAC medication with patients on a VKA were eligible. A meta-analysis of bleeding 7 days postoperatively detected no significant differences between patients continuing DOAC or VKA medication during and after surgery. All of the point estimates favored uninterrupted DOAC over VKA therapy. Tranexamic acid was topically administered to some patients.
CONCLUSIONS
Based on an interpreted trend among 3 studies with mixed patient populations, the risk of bleeding during the first 7 postoperative days may be lower for patients on uninterrupted DOAC than VKA therapy (⨁⨁⭘⭘), but the effect size of the risk is unclear. 80 of 274 included patients experienced postoperative bleeding.
Topics: Humans; Administration, Oral; Anticoagulants; Oral Surgical Procedures; Postoperative Hemorrhage; Tranexamic Acid; Vitamin K
PubMed: 36100547
DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2022.07.003 -
Journal of Vascular Surgery Mar 2023To provide an updated systematic literature review summarizing current evidence on aortic neck dilatation (AND) after endovascular aortic aneurysm repair (EVAR) in... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
OBJECTIVE
To provide an updated systematic literature review summarizing current evidence on aortic neck dilatation (AND) after endovascular aortic aneurysm repair (EVAR) in patients with infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm.
METHODS
An extensive electronic search in major electronic databases was conducted between January 2000 and December 2021. Eligible for inclusion were observational studies that followed up with patients (n ≥ 20) undergoing EVAR with self-expanding endografts, for 12 or more months, evaluated AND with computed tomography angiography and provided data on relevant outcomes. The primary end point was the incidence of AND after EVAR, and the secondary end points were the occurrence of type Ia endoleak, stent graft migration, secondary rupture, and reintervention.
RESULTS
We included 34 studies with a total sample of 12,038 patients (10,413 men; median age, 71 years). AND was defined clearly in 18 studies, but significant differences in AND definition were evidenced. The pooled incidence of AND based on quantitative analysis of 16 studies with a total of 9201 patients (7961 men; median age, 72 years) was calculated at 22.9% (95% confidence interval [CI], 14.4-34.4) over a follow-up period ranging from 12 months to 14 years. The risk of a type Ia endoleak was significantly higher in AND patients compared with those without AND (odds ratio, 2.95; 95% CI, 1.10-7.93; P = .030). Similarly, endograft migration was more common in the AND group compared with the non-AND group (odds ratio, 5.95; 95% CI, 1.80-19.69; P = .004). The combined incidence of secondary rupture and reintervention did not differ significantly between the two groups, even though the combined effect was in favor of the non-AND group.
CONCLUSIONS
Proximal AND after EVAR is common and occurs in a large proportion of patients with infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm. AND can influence the long-term durability of proximal endograft fixation and is significantly related to adverse outcomes, often leading to reinterventions.
Topics: Male; Humans; Aged; Blood Vessel Prosthesis Implantation; Endoleak; Treatment Outcome; Dilatation; Risk Factors; Endovascular Procedures; Retrospective Studies; Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal; Blood Vessel Prosthesis
PubMed: 35948244
DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2022.07.182