-
International Journal of Surgery... Jan 2020Advanced colorectal has poor survival and are difficult to treat. Therefore, there is an urgent need for biomarkers to diagnose this cancer at earlier manageable stages.... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Advanced colorectal has poor survival and are difficult to treat. Therefore, there is an urgent need for biomarkers to diagnose this cancer at earlier manageable stages. Micro-RNAs (miRNAs) are amongst the most significant biomarkers that have shown promise in improving management and early detection of different types of cancers. However, since MiRNAs are non-coding, the main limitation of using them as biomarkers is that they do not have associated phenotype and therefore difficult to validate using other techniques. This makes it difficult to understand the mechanism of miRNA is disease initiation and progression, therefore any methodology that can provide semantics to miRNA expression would enhance the understanding of the role of miRNA in disease.
METHODS
Here we report an integrative meta-analysis and bioinformatics methodology that showed microRNA-21 and its associated target mRNA to be the most significant predictive biomarkers for colorectal adenoma and adenocarcinoma. After drawing key inferences by meta-analysis, the authors then developed a bioinformatics method to identify mir-21 gene targeting in a specific tissue using two different bioinformatics approaches; absolute GSEA (Gene Set Enrichment Analysis) and LIMMA (Linear Models for MicroArray data) to identify differentially expressed genes of miRNA-21.
RESULTS
Results from GSEA intersection with mir-21 gene targets was a subset of longer gene list that was obtained from the GEO2R intersect. In our study, both of longer GEO2R gene target list and the more focused GSEA list established the fact that mir-21 target numerous functional pathways that are mostly interconnected. Our three steps bioinformatics approach identified ABCB1, HPGD, BCL2, TIAM1, TLR3, and PDCD4 as common targets for mir-21 in both of adenoma as well as adenocarcinoma suggesting they are biomarkers for early CRC.
CONCLUSIONS
The approach in this study proposed combining the big data from the scientific literature together with novel bioinformatics to bring about a methodology that can be used to first identify which microRNAs are involved in a specific disease, and then to identify a panel of biomarkers derived from the microRNAs target genes, and from these target genes the functional significance of these microRNAs can be inferred providing better clinical value for the surgeon.
Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Adenoma; Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; Biomarkers, Tumor; Colorectal Neoplasms; Computational Biology; Early Detection of Cancer; Humans; MicroRNAs; RNA-Binding Proteins
PubMed: 31756546
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2019.11.017 -
Frontiers in Endocrinology 2022Gestational diabetes (GDM) is associated with increased risk for preterm birth and related complications for both the pregnant person and newborn. Changes in gene...
PURPOSE
Gestational diabetes (GDM) is associated with increased risk for preterm birth and related complications for both the pregnant person and newborn. Changes in gene expression have the potential to characterize complex interactions between genetic and behavioral/environmental risk factors for GDM. Our goal was to summarize the state of the science about changes in gene expression and GDM.
DESIGN
The systematic review was conducted using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines.
METHODS
PubMed articles about humans, in English, from any date were included if they described mRNA transcriptome or microRNA findings from blood samples in adults with GDM compared with adults without GDM.
RESULTS
Sixteen articles were found representing 1355 adults (n=674 with GDM, n=681 controls) from 12 countries. Three studies reported transcriptome results and thirteen reported microRNA findings. Identified pathways described various aspects of diabetes pathogenesis, including glucose and insulin signaling, regulation, and transport; natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity; and fatty acid biosynthesis and metabolism. Studies described 135 unique miRNAs that were associated with GDM, of which eight (miR-16-5p, miR-17-5p, miR-20a-5p, miR-29a-3p, miR-195-5p, miR-222-3p, miR-210-3p, and miR-342-3p) were described in 2 or more studies. Findings suggest that miRNA levels vary based on the time in pregnancy when GDM develops, the time point at which they were measured, sex assigned at birth of the offspring, and both the pre-pregnancy and gestational body mass index of the pregnant person.
CONCLUSIONS
The mRNA, miRNA, gene targets, and pathways identified in this review contribute to our understanding of GDM pathogenesis; however, further research is warranted to validate previous findings. In particular, longitudinal repeated-measures designs are needed that control for participant characteristics (e.g., weight), use standardized data collection methods and analysis tools, and are sufficiently powered to detect differences between subgroups. Findings may be used to improve early diagnosis, prevention, medication choice and/or clinical treatment of patients with GDM.
Topics: Adult; Female; Humans; Pregnancy; Diabetes, Gestational; MicroRNAs; Premature Birth; Signal Transduction; Transcriptome
PubMed: 36704034
DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.971354 -
Clinical and Translational Medicine Jan 2023Approximately 10% of all bone fractures result in delayed fracture healing or non-union; thus, the identification of biomarkers and prognostic factors is of great... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Approximately 10% of all bone fractures result in delayed fracture healing or non-union; thus, the identification of biomarkers and prognostic factors is of great clinical interest. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are known to be involved in the regulation of the bone healing process and may serve as functional markers for fracture healing.
AIMS AND METHODS
This systematic review aimed to identify common miRNAs involved in fracture healing or non-union fractures using a qualitative approach. A systematic literature search was performed with the keywords 'miRNA and fracture healing' and 'miRNA and non-union fracture'. Any original article investigating miRNAs in fracture healing or non-union fractures was screened. Eventually, 82 studies were included in the qualitative analysis for 'miRNA and fracture healing', while 19 were selected for the 'miRNA and fracture non-union' category.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS
Out of 151 miRNAs, miR-21, miR-140 and miR-214 were the most investigated miRNAs in fracture healing in general. miR-31-5p, miR-221 and miR-451-5p were identified to be regulated specifically in non-union fractures. Large heterogeneity was detected between studies investigating the role of miRNAs in fracture healing or non-union in terms of patient population, sample types and models used. Nonetheless, our approach identified some miRNAs with the potential to serve as biomarkers for non-union fractures, including miR-31-5p, miR-221 and miR-451-5p. We provide a discussion of involved pathways and suggest on alignment of future research in the field.
Topics: Humans; MicroRNAs; Prognosis; Fracture Healing; Fractures, Bone; Biomarkers
PubMed: 36629031
DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.1161 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2023Sjögren's syndrome (SS) is a systemic autoimmune disease, which affects the exocrine glands leading to glandular dysfunction and, particularly, symptoms of oral and...
INTRODUCTION
Sjögren's syndrome (SS) is a systemic autoimmune disease, which affects the exocrine glands leading to glandular dysfunction and, particularly, symptoms of oral and ocular dryness. The aetiology of SS remains unclear, and the disease lacks distinctive clinical features. The current diagnostic work-up is complex, invasive and often time-consuming. Thus, there is an emerging need for identifying disease-specific and, ideally, non-invasive immunological and molecular biomarkers that can simplify the diagnostic process, allow stratification of patients, and assist in monitoring the disease course and outcome of therapeutic intervention in SS.
METHODS
This systematic review addresses the use of proteomics and miRNA-expression profile analyses in this regard.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Out of 272 papers that were identified and 108 reviewed, a total of 42 papers on proteomics and 23 papers on miRNA analyses in saliva, blood and salivary gland tissue were included in this review. Overall, the proteomic and miRNA studies revealed considerable variations with regard to candidate biomarker proteins and miRNAs, most likely due to variation in sample size, processing and analytical methods, but also reflecting the complexity of SS and patient heterogeneity. However, interesting novel knowledge has emerged and further validation is needed to confirm their potential role as biomarkers in SS.
Topics: Humans; Sjogren's Syndrome; MicroRNAs; Proteomics; Saliva; Biomarkers
PubMed: 37275849
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1183195 -
Cells Mar 2022microRNAs (miRNA, miRs) play crucial roles in cardiovascular disease regulating numerous processes, including inflammation, cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and cell... (Review)
Review
microRNAs (miRNA, miRs) play crucial roles in cardiovascular disease regulating numerous processes, including inflammation, cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and cell death. Herein, we present an updated and comprehensive overview of the functional involvement of miRs in the regulation of cardiomyocyte death, a central event in acute myocardial infarction, ischemia/reperfusion, and heart failure. Specifically, in this systematic review we are focusing on necrosis, apoptosis, and autophagy.
Topics: Apoptosis; Autophagy; Humans; MicroRNAs; Myocardial Infarction; Myocytes, Cardiac
PubMed: 35326433
DOI: 10.3390/cells11060983 -
Molecular Cancer May 2016Prostate cancer, the second most frequently diagnosed cancer in males worldwide, is estimated to be diagnosed in 1.1 million men per year. Introduction of PSA testing... (Review)
Review
Prostate cancer, the second most frequently diagnosed cancer in males worldwide, is estimated to be diagnosed in 1.1 million men per year. Introduction of PSA testing substantially improved early detection of prostate cancer, however it also led to overdiagnosis and subsequent overtreatment of patients with an indolent disease. Treatment outcome and management of prostate cancer could be improved by the development of non-invasive biomarker assays that aid in increasing the sensitivity and specificity of prostate cancer screening, help to distinguish aggressive from indolent disease and guide therapeutic decisions. Prostate cancer cells release miRNAs into the bloodstream, where they exist incorporated into ribonucleoprotein complexes or extracellular vesicles. Later, cell-free miRNAs have been found in various other biofluids. The initial RNA sequencing studies suggested that most of the circulating cell-free miRNAs in healthy individuals are derived from blood cells, while specific disease-associated miRNA signatures may appear in the circulation of patients affected with various diseases, including cancer. This raised a hope that cell-free miRNAs may serve as non-invasive biomarkers for prostate cancer. Indeed, a number of cell-free miRNAs that potentially may serve as diagnostic, prognostic or predictive biomarkers have been discovered in blood or other biofluids of prostate cancer patients and need to be validated in appropriately designed longitudinal studies and clinical trials. In this review, we systematically summarise studies investigating cell-free miRNAs in biofluids of prostate cancer patients and discuss the utility of the identified biomarkers in various clinical scenarios. Furthermore, we discuss the possible mechanisms of miRNA release into biofluids and outline the biological questions and technical challenges that have arisen from these studies.
Topics: Biological Transport; Biomarkers, Tumor; Body Fluids; Disease Management; Extracellular Vesicles; Gene Expression Profiling; Genetic Testing; Humans; Male; MicroRNAs; Predictive Value of Tests; Prognosis; Prostatic Neoplasms; Transcriptome
PubMed: 27189160
DOI: 10.1186/s12943-016-0523-5 -
Oncotarget Sep 2016Studies examining the diagnostic value of microRNA-210 for lung cancer have yielded inconsistent results. Here, we performed a meta-analysis to assess the diagnostic... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Studies examining the diagnostic value of microRNA-210 for lung cancer have yielded inconsistent results. Here, we performed a meta-analysis to assess the diagnostic accuracy of microRNA-210 for lung cancer. Nine eligible studies involving 993 patients (554 lung cancer patients and 439 non-cancer patients) were independently identified, and the quality of these studies was assessed according to Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (QUADAS-2) guidelines. The pooled sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio, negative likelihood ratio, and diagnostic odds ratio were 0.66 (95% CI, 0.57 to 0.75), 0.82 (95% CI, 0.72 to 0.89), 3.64 (95% CI, 2.54 to 5.21), 0.41 (95% CI, 0.34 to 0.51) and 8.78 (95% CI, 6.10 to 12.66), respectively. The area under the summary receiver operator characteristic curve was 0.80 (95% CI, 0.76 to 0.83). These results indicated that microRNA-210 had moderate diagnostic value for lung cancer. Additional prospective studies are needed to confirm the diagnostic value of microRNA-210.
Topics: Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; Humans; Lung Neoplasms; MicroRNAs; Odds Ratio; Predictive Value of Tests; Prognosis; Prospective Studies; ROC Curve; Regression Analysis; Reproducibility of Results; Sensitivity and Specificity
PubMed: 27557519
DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11446 -
European Respiratory Review : An... Jun 2017Lung fibrosis can be observed in systemic sclerosis and in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, two disorders where lung involvement carries a poor prognosis. Although much... (Review)
Review
Lung fibrosis can be observed in systemic sclerosis and in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, two disorders where lung involvement carries a poor prognosis. Although much has been learned about the pathogenesis of these conditions, interventions capable of reversing or, at the very least, halting disease progression are not available. Recent studies point to the potential role of micro messenger RNAs (microRNAs) in cancer and tissue fibrogenesis. MicroRNAs are short non-coding RNA sequences (20-23 nucleotides) that are endogenous, evolutionarily conserved and encoded in the genome. By acting on several genes, microRNAs control protein expression. Considering the above, we engaged in a systematic review of the literature in search of overlapping observations implicating microRNAs in the pathogenesis of both idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and systemic sclerosis (SSc). Our objective was to uncover top microRNA candidates for further investigation based on their mechanisms of action and their potential for serving as targets for intervention against lung fibrosis. Our review points to microRNAs of the -29 family, -21-5p and -92a-3p, -26a-5p and let-7d-5p as having distinct and counter-balancing actions related to lung fibrosis. Based on this, we speculate that readjusting the disrupted balance between these microRNAs in lung fibrosis related to SSc and IPF may have therapeutic potential.
Topics: Fibroblasts; Gene Expression Regulation; Genetic Markers; Humans; Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis; Lung; MicroRNAs; Scleroderma, Systemic; Skin
PubMed: 28515040
DOI: 10.1183/16000617.0125-2016 -
Scientific Reports Nov 2022The effect of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) on the radiotherapy response has been gradually revealed. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
The effect of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) on the radiotherapy response has been gradually revealed. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the association between the function and underlying mechanism of lncRNAs in regulating the radiosensitivity and radioresistance of different tumors. Hazard ratios (HRs) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to estimate the effect of lncRNAs on cancer patient prognosis, including overall survival (OS), recurrence-free survival (RFS), disease-free survival (DFS) and progression-free survival (PFS). Collectively, 23 lncRNAs in 11 cancer types were enrolled. Of them, 13 lncRNAs were downregulated and related to radiosensitivity, 11 lncRNAs were upregulated and related to radioresistance, and 3 lncRNAs were upregulated and related to radiosensitivity in cancers. Furthermore, 17 microRNAs and 20 pathways were targeted by different lncRNAs and contributed to the cancer radiotherapy response in this meta-analysis. The individual pooled HRs (95% CIs) of downregulated radiation-resistant and upregulated radiation-resistant lncRNAs for OS were 0.49 (0.40-0.60) and 1.88 (1.26-2.79), respectively. Our results showed that lncRNAs could modulate tumor radioresistance or sensitivity by affecting radiation-related signaling pathways and serve as potential biomarkers to predict radiotherapy response.
Topics: Humans; RNA, Long Noncoding; Biomarkers, Tumor; Prognosis; Neoplasms; MicroRNAs
PubMed: 36323697
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-21785-1 -
PeerJ 2023The aim of this systematic review is to determine microRNAs (miRs) that are differently expressed between diseased pulpal and periapical tissues.
BACKGROUND
The aim of this systematic review is to determine microRNAs (miRs) that are differently expressed between diseased pulpal and periapical tissues.
DESIGN
This systematic review used PubMed, Scopus, EBSCO, ProQuest, Cochrane database as well as manual searching to extract studies from January 2012 up to February 2022.
RESULTS
A total of 12 studies met the eligibility criteria were included. All selected studies were of case-control type. Twenty-four miRNAs associated with apical periodontitis, 11 were found to be upregulatedand 13 were downregulated. Four out of the 44 miRs associated with pulpal inflammation were upregulated, whereas forty were downregulated. Six miRs, namely hsa-miR-181b, hsa-miR-181c,hsa-miR-455-3p,hsa-miR-128-3p, hsa-miR199a-5p, and hsa-miR-95, exhibited considerable downregulation in both periapical and pulp tissues.
CONCLUSION
MiRs have been investigated for their role in pulpal and periapical biology and may be utilised in diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. Further investigations are required to determine why certain irreversible pulpitis situations progress to apical periodontitis and others do not, based on the various miR expressions. Moreover, clinical and laboratory trials are needed to support this theory.
Topics: Humans; Gene Expression Profiling; MicroRNAs; Down-Regulation; Inflammation; Periapical Periodontitis
PubMed: 36890871
DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14949