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Frontiers in Nutrition 2022Type 2 diabetes, one of the most common noncommunicable diseases, is a metabolic disorder that results in failed homeostatic control in several body systems, including...
BACKGROUND
Type 2 diabetes, one of the most common noncommunicable diseases, is a metabolic disorder that results in failed homeostatic control in several body systems, including hepatic function. Due to the gut microbiome's potential role in diabetes' pathogenesis, prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics have been proposed as complimentary therapeutic approaches aimed at microbiota readjustment.
METHODS
A systematic review was conducted on PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, and the Cochrane Library examining the effect of probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics on hepatic biomarkers in patients with diabetes.
RESULTS
From 9,502 search hits, 10 studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in this review. A total of 816 participants (460 intervention and 356 control) were investigated for the effects of nine different hepatic biomarker measurements including aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, total protein, bilirubin, liver steatosis, liver stiffness, fatty liver index, and gamma-glutamyl transferase levels. Of the 13 intervention groups analyzed from the 10 studies, 3 were prebiotic interventions, 3 were single species probiotic interventions, 3 were multi-species probiotic interventions, and 4 were synbiotic interventions. Nutraceuticals used in these trials included six genera of bacteria (, and ), five different prebiotic formulations (inulin, inulin and beta carotene, chicory inulin enriched with oligofructose, galacto-oligosaccharides syrup, and powdered cinnamon), or a combination of these to form multi-species probiotics or synbiotics.
CONCLUSION
Although some studies showed insignificant changes in hepatic biomarkers, generally the results yielded a decrease in liver damage due to reduced oxidative stress, pro-inflammatory cytokines, gut dysbiosis, and insulin resistance which led to improvements in hepatic biomarker levels.
PubMed: 36532552
DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1052619 -
Cancers Apr 2024Some researchers have speculated that the prostatic microbiome is involved in the development of prostate cancer (PCa) but there is no consensus on certain microbiota in... (Review)
Review
Some researchers have speculated that the prostatic microbiome is involved in the development of prostate cancer (PCa) but there is no consensus on certain microbiota in the prostatic tissue of PCa vs. healthy controls. This systematic review aims to investigate and compare the microbiome of PCa and healthy tissue to determine the microbial association with the pathogenesis of PCa. We searched MEDLINE, Embase, and Scopus databases. Articles were screened by two independent and blinded reviewers. Literature that compared the prostatic tissue microbiome of patients with PCa with benign controls was included. We found that PCa may be associated with increased , the herpesviridae and families, and , but definitive conclusions cannot be drawn from the existing data. Challenges include the difficulty of obtaining uncontaminated tissue samples and securing tissue from healthy controls. As a result, methods are varied with many studies using cancerous and "healthy" tissue from the same prostate. The organisms chosen for each study were also highly variable, making it difficult to compare studies. These issues have led to lower confidence in our results. Overall, further work is warranted to better understand the implications of the prostatic microbiome in the pathogenesis of PCa.
PubMed: 38672631
DOI: 10.3390/cancers16081549 -
JAC-antimicrobial Resistance Mar 2022There is interest in doxycycline as prophylaxis against sexually transmitted infections (STIs), but concern about antimicrobial resistance (AMR). We conducted a... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVES
There is interest in doxycycline as prophylaxis against sexually transmitted infections (STIs), but concern about antimicrobial resistance (AMR). We conducted a systematic review (CRD42021273301) of the impact of oral tetracycline-class antibiotics on AMR in normal flora.
METHODS
We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library (1940-2021) and conference proceedings (2014-21) for randomized controlled trials in adults comparing daily oral tetracycline-class antibiotics to non-tetracycline controls. The primary outcome was AMR to tetracyclines; secondary outcomes included resistance to non-tetracyclines. Data were inappropriate for meta-analysis, so we analysed findings descriptively.
RESULTS
Our search yielded 6265 abstracts of which 7 articles fulfilled inclusion criteria. Most were at moderate/high risk of bias, generally due to inadequate methodologic reporting. Studies used doxycycline, tetracycline, oxytetracycline or minocycline for 2-18 weeks. Most observed an increased burden of tetracycline resistance, including in subgingival (= 3 studies), gastrointestinal (= 2) and upper respiratory tract (= 1) flora; one study of skin flora found no change in tetracycline-resistant species after 18 weeks of oxytetracycline/minocycline. Four studies reassessed AMR at 2-50 weeks post-intervention and reported varying degrees of resistance. Three articles reported on the prevalence of non-tetracycline AMR after doxycycline prophylaxis, of which one found a transient increase among gastrointestinal ; the other two showed no difference from control.
CONCLUSIONS
Although the effects are modest and transient, limited data from small prospective studies may suggest that oral tetracyclines for 2-18 weeks increase resistance in subgingival, gastrointestinal and upper respiratory tract flora. STI prophylaxis trials should include AMR in commensal bacteria as study outcomes.
PubMed: 35198979
DOI: 10.1093/jacamr/dlac009 -
Journal of Reproductive Immunology Feb 2022To assess the available scientific evidence regarding the placental microbial composition of a healthy pregnancy, the quality of this evidence, and the potential...
OBJECTIVE
To assess the available scientific evidence regarding the placental microbial composition of a healthy pregnancy, the quality of this evidence, and the potential relation between placental and oral microbiome.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Data sources: MEDLINE and EMBASE up to August 1, 2019.
STUDY ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA
Human subjects; healthy women; term deliveries; healthy normal birth weight; assessment of microorganisms (bacteria) in placental tissue; full research papers in English. The quality of the included studies was assessed by a modified Joanna Briggs Institute checklist for analytical cross-sectional studies.
RESULTS
57 studies passed the inclusion criteria. Of these, 33 had a high risk of quality bias (e.g., insufficient infection control, lack of negative controls, poor description of the healthy cases). The remaining 24 studies had a low (N = 12) to moderate (N = 12) risk of bias and were selected for in-depth analysis. Of these 24 studies, 22 reported microorganisms in placental tissues, where Lactobacillus (11 studies), Ureaplasma (7), Fusobacterium (7), Staphylococcus (7), Prevotella (6) and Streptococcus (6) were among the most frequently identified genera. Methylobacterium (4), Propionibacterium (3), Pseudomonas (3) and Escherichia (2), among others, although frequently reported in placental samples, were often reported as contaminants in studies that used negative controls.
CONCLUSIONS
The results support the existence of a low biomass placental microbiota in healthy pregnancies. Some of the microbial taxa found in the placenta might have an oral origin. The high risk of quality bias for the majority of the included studies indicates that the results of individual papers should be interpreted with caution.
Topics: Adult; Animals; Female; Fusobacterium; Healthy Volunteers; Humans; Lactobacillus; Microbiota; Placenta; Pregnancy; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Ureaplasma
PubMed: 34883392
DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2021.103455 -
Journal of Clinical Microbiology Feb 2019Recognition and acknowledgment of novel bacterial taxonomy and nomenclature revisions can impact clinical practice, disease epidemiology, and routine clinical...
Recognition and acknowledgment of novel bacterial taxonomy and nomenclature revisions can impact clinical practice, disease epidemiology, and routine clinical microbiology laboratory operations. The () herein presents its biannual report summarizing such changes published in the years 2016 and 2017, as published and added by the Noteworthy discussion centers around descriptions of novel and an anaerobic mycolic acid-producing bacterium in the suborder ; revisions within the , , , and genera; and a major reorganization of the family intends to sustain this series of reports as advancements in molecular genetics, whole-genome sequencing, and studies of the human microbiome continue to produce novel taxa and clearer understandings of bacterial relatedness.
Topics: Bacteria; Bacterial Infections; Bacteriological Techniques; Classification; Diagnostic Tests, Routine; Humans; Terminology as Topic
PubMed: 30257907
DOI: 10.1128/JCM.01181-18 -
Shoulder & Elbow Dec 2022() is the most common pathogen responsible for post-operative shoulder infections. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of skin preparation... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
() is the most common pathogen responsible for post-operative shoulder infections. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of skin preparation methods against in shoulder surgery.
METHODS
A systematic review was conducted evaluating the effectiveness of skin preparation methods in the reduction of in patients undergoing shoulder surgery. Outcomes were assessed based on the effectiveness of the method used; side effects and cost were also analysed.
RESULTS
Of the 19 included studies, 9 evaluated pre-surgical home treatments: 8 assessed benzoyl peroxide (BPO) and 6 concluded it is effective in reducing Nine studies assessed surgical skin preparation and concluded that Chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG) was not effective; in contrast hydrogen peroxide reduced . Finally, one study evaluated an aseptic protocol using CHG and concluded that it was not effective.
CONCLUSIONS
It was demonstrated that BPO as home treatment is effective in reducing load on skin it rarely causes side effects and is also cost-effective. This study highlights non-effectiveness of CHG. There was some evidence that the addition of hydrogen peroxide could have a positive effect in the reduction of skin load; however, more studies are required.
PubMed: 36479010
DOI: 10.1177/17585732211032523 -
The Cochrane Database of Systematic... Nov 2013A new review team are preparing a new protocol to replace this review. The new review is entitled 'Interventions for the management of malignant pleural effusions'.... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
A new review team are preparing a new protocol to replace this review. The new review is entitled 'Interventions for the management of malignant pleural effusions'. Publication of the full review is anticipated in early 2015. The editorial group responsible for this previously published document have withdrawn it from publication.
Topics: Humans; Mitoxantrone; Pleural Effusion, Malignant; Pleurodesis; Propionibacterium acnes; Quinacrine; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Sclerosing Solutions; Talc; Tetracycline
PubMed: 24259053
DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD002916.pub3 -
BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders May 2020One of the most common bacteria responsible for most Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) is Propionibacterium acnes. Even though the rate of infections in patients...
BACKGROUND
One of the most common bacteria responsible for most Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) is Propionibacterium acnes. Even though the rate of infections in patients undergoing total shoulder arthroplasty is increasing, effective diagnostic tests and the precautions taken during the surgery are not yet adequate. This systematic review aims to evaluate the effectiveness of antimicrobial prophylaxis in PJI in shoulder replacement and to provide health workers with the best approach to the use of antimicrobial agents based on currently available clinical evidence.
METHODS
a systematic review of the literature was carried out in accordance with the PRISMA Statement. Studies concerning the effectiveness of antimicrobial prophylaxis in the prevention of PJI in patients undergoing shoulder replacement were included.
RESULTS
Seven studies were included in the final analysis because they were considered valid. A total of 3272 patients underwent a surgical procedure, most of which were males. The male population has a greater presence of hair, therefore a greater risk of P. acnes. in surface cultures. Patients were assessed at an average follow-up period of 20 months ranging from 9 weeks to 53 months.
CONCLUSION
The optimal perioperative antimicrobial regimen is controversial. The clinical guidelines recommend the use of only one antibiotic as prophylaxis but considering the increase in the rates of antibiotic-resistant infections, the question arises whether antibiotic prophylaxis should be extended for adequate coverage. Shoulder arthroplasty performed on the male population must be carefully checked after surgery for the possible presence of P. Acnes.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antibiotic Prophylaxis; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Shoulder; Child; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Propionibacterium acnes; Prosthesis-Related Infections; Sex Factors; Shoulder Joint; Treatment Outcome; Young Adult
PubMed: 32393217
DOI: 10.1186/s12891-020-03332-z -
Journal of Clinical Microbiology Sep 2017Obtaining reliable cultures during revision arthroplasty is important to adequately diagnose and treat a prosthetic joint infection (PJI). The influence of antimicrobial... (Review)
Review
The Effect of Preoperative Antimicrobial Prophylaxis on Intraoperative Culture Results in Patients with a Suspected or Confirmed Prosthetic Joint Infection: a Systematic Review.
Obtaining reliable cultures during revision arthroplasty is important to adequately diagnose and treat a prosthetic joint infection (PJI). The influence of antimicrobial prophylaxis on culture results remains unclear. Since withholding prophylaxis increases the risk for surgical site infections, clarification on this topic is critical. A systematic review was performed with the following research question: in patients who undergo revision surgery of a prosthetic joint, does preoperative antimicrobial prophylaxis affect the culture yield of intraoperative samples in comparison with nonpreoperative antimicrobial prophylaxis? Seven articles were included in the final analysis. In most studies, standard diagnostic culture techniques were used. In patients with a PJI, pooled analysis showed a culture yield of 88% (145/165) in the prophylaxis group versus 95% (344/362) in the nonprophylaxis group ( = 0.004). Subanalysis of patients with chronic PJIs showed positive cultures in 88% (78/89) versus 91% (52/57), respectively ( = 0.59). In patients with a suspected chronic infection, a maximum difference of 4% in culture yield between the prophylaxis and nonprophylaxis groups was observed. With the use of standard culture techniques, antimicrobial prophylaxis seems to affect cultures in a minority of patients. Along with the known risk of surgical site infections due to inadequate timing of antimicrobial prophylaxis, we discourage the postponement of prophylaxis until tissue samples are obtained in revision surgery. Future studies are necessary to conclude whether the small percentage of false-negative cultures after prophylaxis can be further reduced with the use of more-sensitive culture techniques, like sonication.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antibiotic Prophylaxis; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee; Corynebacterium; Humans; Propionibacterium acnes; Prosthesis-Related Infections; Reoperation; Staphylococcus; Surgical Wound Infection
PubMed: 28659322
DOI: 10.1128/JCM.00640-17