-
Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology Sep 2022While there are literature reporting increased incidence of hair loss in COVID-19 patients, insufficient evidence exists on the topic to date. This review aims to... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
While there are literature reporting increased incidence of hair loss in COVID-19 patients, insufficient evidence exists on the topic to date. This review aims to identify the existing evidence and clinical characteristics of hair loss with COVID-19 infection.
METHODS
Following the PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews, MEDLINE and EMBASE were searched for all peer-reviewed articles with relevant keywords including "Alopecia," "Telogen Effluvium (TE)," and "COVID-19" from their inception to November 20, 2021.
RESULTS
A total of 26 articles, with 9 observational studies and 17 case reports or series (a total of 58 cases), were included. Most studies dealt with TE. There were no clear trends between COVID-19 severity and the extent of hair loss. Analysis of the 58 cases also found similar results with most of the cases being female (82.8%), the median onset of hair loss of 2.0 months, and the median time to recovery of hair loss of 5.0 months with a resolution rate of 95%.
CONCLUSION
While this systematic review revealed uncertainty and a lack of strong evidence regarding the association of COVID-19 and hair loss, hair loss in COVID-19 may mainly include TE and be reversible in nature. Future studies are warranted to determine the detailed pathophysiology and risk factors of hair loss in COVID-19, including possible roles of estrogen, progesterone, and pro-inflammatory cytokines.
Topics: Alopecia; Alopecia Areata; COVID-19; Cytokines; Estrogens; Female; Humans; Male; Progesterone
PubMed: 35801366
DOI: 10.1111/jocd.15218 -
Parasite Epidemiology and Control May 2023Besnoitiosis is a parasitic disease of economic importance caused by cyst-forming protozoa from the genus . The disease affects the skin, subcutis, blood vessels, and... (Review)
Review
Besnoitiosis is a parasitic disease of economic importance caused by cyst-forming protozoa from the genus . The disease affects the skin, subcutis, blood vessels, and mucous membranes of the animals. It is traditionally endemic in the tropical and sub-tropical regions of the world, and causes enormous economic loss associated with impaired productivity and reproduction, as well as skin lesions. Therefore, knowledge of the epidemiology of the disease, including the current species occurring in sub-Saharan Africa, the wide range of mammalian species hosts they use as intermediate hosts, and the clinical signs manifested by infected animals is crucial in developing effective prevention and control measures. This review collected information from peer-reviewed publications involving the epidemiology and clinical signs of besnoitiosis in sub-Saharan Africa using four electronic databases. Results showed that , and unidentified spp. were found naturally infecting livestock and wildlife across nine reviewed sub-Saharan African countries. was the most common species, occurring in all nine reviewed countries, and utilised a wide range of mammalian species as intermediate hosts. Prevalence of ranged from 2.0 to 80.3%, and 5.45-46.53%. Infection rate was high with serology compared to other techniques. Some of the typical signs of besnoitiosis included sand-like cysts on the sclera conjunctiva, nodules in the skin, thickening and wrinkling of the skin and alopecia. Inflammation, thickening and wrinkling of the scrotum were observed in bulls, and lesions on the scrotum deteriorated progressively and became generalized in some cases in spite of treatment. There is still a need for surveys focusing on detecting and identifying spp. using molecular techniques in combination with serological, histology and visual observation, and scoping their natural intermediate and definitive hosts, as well as assessing the burden of the disease animals reared on different husbandry systems in sub-Saharan Africa.
PubMed: 36793766
DOI: 10.1016/j.parepi.2023.e00284 -
Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism Jun 2016Although systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) most commonly occurs in reproductive-age women, some are diagnosed after the age of 50. Recognizing that greater than... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study Meta-Analysis Review
OBJECTIVES
Although systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) most commonly occurs in reproductive-age women, some are diagnosed after the age of 50. Recognizing that greater than one-third of SLE criteria are cutaneous, we undertook a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate differences in cutaneous manifestations in early- and late-onset SLE patients.
METHODS
We searched the literature using PubMed, CINAHL, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library. We excluded studies that did not include ACR SLE classification criteria, early-onset controls, that defined late-onset SLE as <50 years of age, or were not written in English. Two authors rated study quality using the Newcastle Ottawa Quality Scale. We used Forest plots to compare odds ratios (95% CI) of cutaneous manifestations by age. Study heterogeneity was assessed using I(2).
RESULTS
Overall, 35 studies, representing 11,189 early-onset and 1727 late-onset patients with SLE, met eligibility criteria. The female:male ratio was lower in the late-onset group (5:1 versus 8:1). Most cutaneous manifestations were less prevalent in the late-onset group. In particular, malar rash [OR = 0.43 (0.35, 0.52)], photosensitivity [OR = 0.72 (0.59, 0.88)], and livedo reticularis [OR = 0.33 (0.17, 0.64)] were less common in late-onset patients. In contrast, sicca symptoms were more common [OR = 2.45 (1.91, 3.14)]. The mean Newcastle Ottawa Quality Scale score was 6.3 ± 0.5 (scale: 0-9) with high inter-rater reliability for the score (0.96).
CONCLUSIONS
Overall, cutaneous manifestations are less common in late-onset SLE patients, except sicca symptoms. Future studies should investigate etiologies for this phenomenon including roles of immune senescence, environment, gender, and immunogenetics.
Topics: Age of Onset; Alopecia; Exanthema; Female; Humans; Late Onset Disorders; Livedo Reticularis; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic; Male; Middle Aged; Odds Ratio; Photosensitivity Disorders; Raynaud Disease; Skin Diseases; Vasculitis
PubMed: 26972993
DOI: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2016.01.004 -
European Journal of Hospital Pharmacy :... Jul 2021Dabrafenib, an inhibitor of mutated , has significant clinical activity in melanoma patients but is linked to a spectrum of cutaneous toxicities. Thus, our meta-analysis... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
OBJECTIVE
Dabrafenib, an inhibitor of mutated , has significant clinical activity in melanoma patients but is linked to a spectrum of cutaneous toxicities. Thus, our meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the type, incidence and risks of dermatological toxicities from dabrafenib.
METHODS
Systematic searches were performed using electronic databases such as Embase and PubMed and conference abstracts published by the American Society of Clinical Oncology. Eligible studies were limited to prospective phase I, II and III clinical trials and expanded-access (ie, outside clinical trials) programmes of melanoma patients receiving dabrafenib monotherapy (150 mg, twice daily) or combination therapy of dabrafenib (150 mg, twice daily) plus trametinib (2 mg, once daily). The outcomes were mainly the incidence rate and risk of all-grade cutaneous toxicities associated with dabrafenib in melanoma patients.
RESULTS
Twenty trials comprising a total of 3359 patients were included in the meta-analysis. The meta-analysis showed that the overall incidence of all-grade rash for melanoma patients assigned dabrafenib was 30.00% (95% CI 0.07 to 0.71), cutaneous squamous-cell carcinoma (cSCC) 16.00% (95% CI 0.11 to 0.24), alopecia 21% (95% CI 0.11 to 0.37), keratoacanthoma (KA) 20.00% (95% CI 0.12 to 0.31), hyperkeratosis (HK) 14.00% (95% CI 0.09 to 0.22) and pruritus 8.00% (95% CI 0.05 to 0.12). All-grade rash occurred in 19.00% (95% CI 0.15 to 0.25), cSCC in 10.00% (95% CI 0.04 to 0.22), alopecia in 6.00% (95% CI 0.03 to 0.12), KA in 6.00% (95% CI 0.04 to 0.09) and pruritus in 2/1265 patients assigned dabrafenib plus trametinib. The summary risk ratio (RR) showed that the combination of dabrafenib with trametinib versus dabrafenib was associated with a significantly increased risk of all-grade rash (RR 1.35, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.80) and a decreased risk of cSCC (RR 0.40, 95% CI 0.18 to 0.89), alopecia (RR 0.19, 95% CI 0.12 to 0.30) and HK (RR 0.25, 95% CI 0.10 to 0.62).
CONCLUSION
In summary, the most frequent cutaneous adverse reactions from dabrafenib were rash, cSCC, alopecia, KA, HK and pruritus. There was a significantly decreased risk of cSCC, alopecia and HK with the combination of dabrafenib with trametinib versus dabrafenib alone. Clinicians should be aware of these risks and perform regular clinical monitoring.
Topics: Humans; Imidazoles; Incidence; Melanoma; Oximes; Prospective Studies; Skin Neoplasms
PubMed: 32883694
DOI: 10.1136/ejhpharm-2020-002347 -
The Cochrane Database of Systematic... May 2014Approximately 13% of women diagnosed with endometrial cancer present with advanced stage disease (International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Approximately 13% of women diagnosed with endometrial cancer present with advanced stage disease (International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage III/IV). The standard treatment of advanced endometrial cancer consists of cytoreductive surgery followed by radiation therapy, or chemotherapy, or both. There is currently little agreement about which adjuvant treatment is the safest and most effective.
OBJECTIVES
To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of adjuvant chemotherapy compared with radiotherapy or chemoradiation, and to determine which chemotherapy agents are most effective in women presenting with advanced endometrial cancer (FIGO stage III/IV).
SEARCH METHODS
We searched the Cochrane Gynaecological Cancer Collaborative Review Group's Trial Register, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (Issue 10 2013), MEDLINE and EMBASE up to November 2013. Also we searched electronic clinical trial registries for ongoing trials.
SELECTION CRITERIA
Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of adjuvant chemotherapy compared with radiotherapy or chemoradiation in women with FIGO stage III and IV endometrial cancer.
DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
Two review authors selected trials, extracted data, and assessed trials for risk of bias. Where necessary, we contacted trial investigators for relevant, unpublished data. We pooled data using the random-effects model in Review Manager (RevMan) software.
MAIN RESULTS
We included four multicentre RCTs involving 1269 women with primary FIGO stage III/IV endometrial cancer. We considered the trials to be at low to moderate risk of bias. All participants received primary cytoreductive surgery. Two trials, evaluating 620 women (83% stage III, 17% stage IV), compared adjuvant chemotherapy with adjuvant radiotherapy; one trial evaluating 552 women (88% stage III, 12% stage IV) compared two chemotherapy regimens (cisplatin/doxorubicin/paclitaxel (CDP) versus cisplatin/doxorubicin (CD) treatment) in women who had all undergone adjuvant radiotherapy; and one trial contributed no data.Overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) was longer with adjuvant chemotherapy compared with adjuvant radiotherapy (OS: hazard ratio (HR) 0.75, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.57 to 0.99, I² = 22%; and PFS: HR 0.74, 95% CI 0.59 to 0.92, I² = 0%). Sensitivity analysis using adjusted and unadjusted OS data, gave similar results. In subgroup analyses, the effects on survival in favour of chemotherapy were not different for stage III and IV, or stage IIIA and IIIC (tests for subgroup differences were not significant and I² = 0%). This evidence was of moderate quality. Data from one trial showed that women receiving adjuvant chemotherapy were more likely to experience haematological and neurological adverse events and alopecia, and more likely to discontinue treatment (33/194 versus 6/202; RR 5.73, 95% CI 2.45 to 13.36), than those receiving adjuvant radiotherapy. There was no statistically significant difference in treatment-related deaths between the chemotherapy and radiotherapy treatment arms (8/309 versus 5/311; Risk Ratio (RR) 1.67, 95% CI 0.55 to 5.00).There was no clear difference in PFS between intervention groups in the one trial that compared CDP versus CD (552 women; HR 0.90, 95% CI 0.69 to 1.17). We considered this evidence to be of moderate quality. Mature OS data from this trial were not yet available. Severe haematological and neurological adverse events occurred more frequently with CDP than CD.We found no trials to include of adjuvant chemotherapy versus chemoradiation in advanced endometrial cancer; however we identified one ongoing trial of this comparison.
AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS
There is moderate quality evidence that chemotherapy increases survival time after primary surgery by approximately 25% relative to radiotherapy in stage III and IV endometrial cancer. There is limited evidence that it is associated with more adverse effects. There is some uncertainty as to whether triplet regimens offer similar survival benefits over doublet regimens in the long-term. Further research is needed to determine which chemotherapy regimen(s) are the most effective and least toxic, and whether the addition of radiotherapy further improves outcomes. A large trial evaluating the benefits and risks of adjuvant chemoradiation versus chemotherapy in advanced endometrial cancer is ongoing.
Topics: Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Chemoradiotherapy; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; Cisplatin; Disease-Free Survival; Doxorubicin; Endometrial Neoplasms; Female; Humans; Neoplasm Staging; Paclitaxel; Radiotherapy, Adjuvant; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
PubMed: 24832785
DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD010681.pub2 -
The Cochrane Database of Systematic... 2003Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory joint disease. Leflunomide, as an inhibitor of pyrimidine synthesis, has a different mechanism of action than other... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory joint disease. Leflunomide, as an inhibitor of pyrimidine synthesis, has a different mechanism of action than other existing disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARD).
OBJECTIVES
To determine the efficacy and toxicity of leflunomide compared to placebo or other DMARDs in the treatment of RA.
SEARCH STRATEGY
We conducted a search in MEDLINE, EMBASE, Current Contents and the Cochrane Controlled Trial Register for trials up to December 2001. We also hand-searched reference lists and consulted content experts.
SELECTION CRITERIA
Two independent reviewers selected the trials that met predetermined inclusion criteria.
DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
Two independent reviewers extracted data and assessed methodologic quality using standardized forms.
MAIN RESULTS
Six trials were included in this review. Using the ACR20 improvement criteria, there was an absolute difference in improvement of 28% (95% confidence interval: 21 - 35%) favouring leflunomide (232 out of 413 leflunomide treated patients compared to 89 out of 311 placebo patients met the criteria). There was no difference in ACR20 response rate between the patients treated with leflunomide and SSZ or MTX at 6 and 12 months. Other clinical outcomes were improved significantly in the leflunomide group compared to placebo but not different from SSZ or MTX. Withdrawals due to adverse events with leflunomide were 10% greater than placebo (70 out of 416 compared to 18 out of 311 respectively). Important adverse events included gastrointestinal symptoms, elevated liver function tests, alopecia, and infections. Overall adverse events and withdrawals in the leflunomide group were not significantly different from SSZ or MTX.
REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS
Leflunomide appears to improve all clinical outcomes and delay radiologic progression at both 6 and 12 months of treatment compared to placebo. Its efficacy and adverse events at 2 years of treatment are comparable to SSZ and MTX. Long-term efficacy and toxicity remains to be established.
Topics: Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Antirheumatic Agents; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Humans; Isoxazoles; Leflunomide; Methotrexate; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Sulfasalazine
PubMed: 12535423
DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD002047 -
Breast Cancer Research and Treatment Jun 2017The risk of scalp metastases in patients using scalp cooling for preservation of hair during chemotherapy has been a concern but is poorly described. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
PURPOSE
The risk of scalp metastases in patients using scalp cooling for preservation of hair during chemotherapy has been a concern but is poorly described.
METHODS
A systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies was undertaken to evaluate the effect of scalp cooling versus no scalp cooling on the risk of scalp metastasis in patients treated for breast cancer with chemotherapy. Electronic databases, journal specific, and hand searches of articles identified were searched. Patients were matched based on disease, treatment, lack of metastatic disease, and sex.
RESULTS
A total of 24 full-text articles were identified for review. Of these articles, ten quantified the incidence of scalp metastasis with scalp cooling over time. For scalp cooling, 1959 patients were evaluated over an estimated mean time frame of 43.1 months. For no scalp cooling, 1238 patients were evaluated over an estimated mean time frame of 87.4 months. The incidence rate of scalp metastasis in the scalp cooling group versus the no scalp cooling group was 0.61% (95% CI 0.32-1.1%) versus 0.41% (95% CI 0.13-0.94%); P = 0.43.
CONCLUSION
The incidence of scalp metastases was low regardless of scalp cooling. This analysis suggests that scalp cooling does not increase the incidence of scalp metastases.
Topics: Alopecia; Antineoplastic Agents; Breast Neoplasms; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; Cryotherapy; Female; Head and Neck Neoplasms; Humans; Neoadjuvant Therapy; Risk; Scalp; Skin Neoplasms
PubMed: 28275922
DOI: 10.1007/s10549-017-4185-9 -
JAMA Dermatology Aug 2021Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is associated with trichodynia, anxiety, low self-esteem, and depression, which have implications for quality of life. However, no systematic... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
IMPORTANCE
Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is associated with trichodynia, anxiety, low self-esteem, and depression, which have implications for quality of life. However, no systematic evaluation has been performed on the association of AGA with health-related quality of life (HRQOL).
OBJECTIVE
To systematically examine the association of AGA with HRQOL and psychiatric disorders.
DATA SOURCES
Cochrane Library, PubMed, Embase, and WanFang databases were searched from inception through January 24, 2021.
STUDY SELECTION
Case series, case-control studies, cross-sectional studies, cohort studies, and randomized clinical trials that examined either HRQOL or psychiatric disorders in patients with AGA were included. Studies published in languages other than English and Mandarin were excluded.
DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS
The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) reporting guideline was used. The risk of bias in included studies was assessed with the Risk of Bias in Non-randomized Studies of Intervention (ROBINS-I) tool. A random-effects model meta-analysis was performed to calculate the pooled effect on HRQOL. A subgroup analysis according to sex and geographic regions was also conducted.
MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES
The outcome was HRQOL of patients with AGA.
RESULTS
A total of 41 studies involving 7995 patients was included. The pooled Dermatology Life Quality Index score was 8.16 (95% CI, 5.62-10.71). The pooled Hair-Specific Skindex-29 score indicated moderate impairment of emotions, with the meta-analysis showing a score of 29.22 (95% CI, 24.17-34.28) in the emotion dimension. The pooled Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale score did not indicate depression, with the meta-analysis showing a score of 14.98 (95% CI, 14.28-15.68). Factors that had a direct association with HRQOL included married or coupled status and receipt of medical treatments, whereas factors that had an inverse association with HRQOL included higher self-rated hair loss severity, lower visual analog scale score, and higher educational level.
CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE
This systematic review and meta-analysis found a significant association of AGA with moderate impairment of HRQOL and emotions, but no association was found with depressive symptoms. The findings suggest that patients with AGA may need psychological and psychosocial support.
Topics: Alopecia; Anxiety; Cross-Sectional Studies; Depression; Humans; Quality of Life
PubMed: 34232264
DOI: 10.1001/jamadermatol.2021.2196 -
PloS One 2015To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of leflunomide as a new immunosuppressive medicine in lupus nephritis (LN) through a meta-analysis. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of leflunomide as a new immunosuppressive medicine in lupus nephritis (LN) through a meta-analysis.
METHODS
A systematic review evaluating the efficacy and safety of leflunomide compared with cyclophosphamide in adult patients with LN was performed. Data from relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) performed before December 2014 was collected from several databases (PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, CNKI and CBM). No language restrictions were applied. Efficacy outcomes included overall remission, SLE Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI) score, 24-hour proteinuria and serum creatinine. Safety data were analyzed. The effects of treatment on these outcomes were summarized as relative risks (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and mean differences were pooled using a fixed or random effects model.
RESULTS
Eleven RCTs with Jadad score of 3 or greater were identified and included a total of 254 patients. Cyclophosphamide was served as the control drug in all trials. The SLEDAI score, urine protein level and serum creatinine decreased significantly following leflunomide treatment (P<0.05). Leflunomide was superior to cyclophosphamide in achieving complete and total remission, but no difference in SLEDAI score was found between these two treatments (P>0.05). Additionally, patients receiving leflunomide treatment showed favorable renal function profiles, especially regarding the 24-hour proteinuria (mean difference: -0.58, 95%CI: -0.78~-0.37, P<0.01) and serum creatinine (mean difference: -0.20, 95%CI: -0.39~-0.01, P<0.05). In the safety comparison, leflunomide was safer than cyclophosphamide regarding adverse drug reactions (ADRs), including liver damage (RR = 0.53, 95%CI: 0.33~0.87, P<0.05), alopecia (RR = 0.38, 95%CI: 0.17~0.85, P<0.05), leukopenia (RR = 0.25, 95%CI: 0.08~0.77, P<0.05) and infection (RR = 0.54, 95%CI: 0.32~0.92, P<0.05), without increased risk of gastrointestinal reaction, rash or herpes zoster infection.
CONCLUSIONS
Leflunomide is a promising therapy for LN treatment, primarily because of the comparable efficacy and favorable safety profile determined by this meta-analysis of RCTs. Larger RCTs with longer duration of observation are necessary to provide strong evidence of the efficacy and safety of leflunomide in LN patients.
Topics: Adult; Asian People; Cyclophosphamide; Female; Humans; Isoxazoles; Leflunomide; Lupus Nephritis; Male; Odds Ratio; Remission Induction; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 26670616
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0144548 -
Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine... Oct 2022To investigate the effectiveness and safety of tripterygium glycosides (TG) tablet for the treatment of Lupus nephritis (LN). (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
OBJECTIVE
To investigate the effectiveness and safety of tripterygium glycosides (TG) tablet for the treatment of Lupus nephritis (LN).
METHODS
Several databases were systematically searched including PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, Wiley, China National Knowledge Infrastructure Database, SinoMed and Wanfang Library till June 20, 2020. Revman5.3 was utilized to analyze the data according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Statement.
RESULTS
In total, 8 randomized controlled trials involving 583 participants were identified. Meta-analyses showed that, compared with glucocorticoids (GC) alone, the combination with TG tablet provided a statistically significant improvement in total remission (TR) ( = 1.27, 95% : 1.08-1.50, = 0.004), complete remission (CR) ( = 1.61, 95% : 1.05-2.47, = 0.03) and C3 levels ( = 0.27, 95% : 0.14-0.39, < 0.000 1), C4 levels ( = 0.12, 95% : 0.07-0.17, < 0.000 01). No significant differences were seen in TR, CR, proteinuria, serum creatinine, C3 and C4 (TR: = 1.00, 95% : 0.87-1.16, = 0.95; CR: = 1.10, 95% : 0.78-1.56, = 0.58; proteinuria levels: = -0.06, 95% : -0.13 to 0.01, = 0.10; serum creatinine levels: = -0.01, 95%: -7.36 to 7.35, = 1.00; C3 levels: = 0.01, 95%: -0.06 to 0.07, = 0.84; C4 levels: = -0.01, 95%: -0.03 to 0.01, = 0.49) between azathioprine (AZA) / leflomit (LEF) + GC and TG tablet + GC. Adverse events (hepatic dysfunction, nausea, vomitting) showed no statistical differences between the TG tablet + GC group and the GC group. There were more new onset of irregular menstruation in the TG tablet + GC group than those in the AZA + GC ( = 3.57, 95% : 1.40-9.11, = 0.008) /LEF+ GC ( = 6.69, 95% : 2.42-18.46, = 0.000 2) group, but leucopenia lower than those in AZA + GC group ( = 0.38, 95% : 0.17-0.85, = 0.02) and alopecia ( = 0.14, 95% : 0.03-0.77, = 0.02) and rash ( = 0.09, 95% : 0.01-0.69, = 0.02) lower than those in LEF + GC group.
CONCLUSIONS
This review indicates that TG tablet maybe effective in LN treatment. Nevertheless, adverse events cannot be ignored. Large sample, multi-center, high-quality clinical studies are needed to verify the exact effects and safety of TG tablet in treatment of LN.
Topics: Creatinine; Female; Glycosides; Humans; Lupus Nephritis; Proteinuria; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Tablets; Tripterygium
PubMed: 36083472
DOI: 10.19852/j.cnki.jtcm.2022.05.001