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Annals of Palliative Medicine Sep 2021Prostatitis seriously endangers the health of men. While they have been widely used in recent years, there remains a lack of systematic evaluation of the clinical... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Prostatitis seriously endangers the health of men. While they have been widely used in recent years, there remains a lack of systematic evaluation of the clinical efficacy of α-receptor blockers (α-RBs)/α-adrenergic receptor blockers (α-ARBs) in its treatment. Based on this, this study was developed to systematically evaluate the clinical effect of α-ARB in the treatment of prostatitis.
METHODS
Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) studying α-RBs or α-ARBs, placebos, or other measures to treat prostatitis were searched in Cochrane Library, PubMed, Embase, and CBM databases from establishment to December 2020. The quality of included articles was evaluated using the Cochrane System Review Manual and Jadad tools, and a meta-analysis was performed using Review Manager 5.3 software.
RESULTS
A total of six articles meeting the requirements were found and included 450 patients. Meta-analysis showed that the National Institutes of Health Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index (NIH-CPSI) score [mean difference (MD) =-1.76, 95% confidence interval (CI): (-3.35 to -0.17), and P=0.03], pain score [MD =-2.24, 95% CI: (-3.65 to -0.83), and P=0.002], voiding symptom score [MD =-1.21, 95% CI: (-2.06 to -0.35), and P=0.006], and quality of life score [MD =-1.40, 95% CI: (-1.48 to -1.33), and P<0.00001] for patients in the experimental group were lower in contrast to those in the control group after the treatment.
DISCUSSION
The use of α-ARB could significantly improve the treatment effect of patients with prostatitis and improve their quality of life.
Topics: Acupuncture Therapy; Chronic Disease; Humans; Male; Prostatitis; Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha; Treatment Outcome; United States
PubMed: 34628913
DOI: 10.21037/apm-21-2160 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2023We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate outcomes following chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CAR-T) therapy in relapsed/refractory acute myeloid... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate outcomes following chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CAR-T) therapy in relapsed/refractory acute myeloid leukemia (RR-AML).
METHODS
We performed a literature search on PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Clinicaltrials.gov. After screening 677 manuscripts, 13 studies were included. Data was extracted following PRISMA guidelines. Pooled analysis was done using the meta-package by Schwarzer et al. Proportions with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were computed.
RESULTS
We analyzed 57 patients from 10 clinical trials and 3 case reports. The pooled complete and overall response rates were 49.5% (95% CI 0.18-0.81, I=65%) and 65.2% (95% CI 0.36-0.91, I=57%). The pooled incidence of cytokine release syndrome, immune-effector cell associated neurotoxicity syndrome, and graft-versus-host disease was estimated as 54.4% (95% CI 0.17-0.90, I=77%), 3.9% (95% CI 0.00-0.19, I=22%), and 1.6% (95%CI 0.00-0.21, I=33%), respectively.
CONCLUSION
CAR-T therapy has demonstrated modest efficacy in RR-AML. Major challenges include heterogeneous disease biology, lack of a unique targetable antigen, and immune exhaustion.
Topics: Humans; Receptors, Chimeric Antigen; Antigens, CD19; Immunotherapy, Adoptive; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Cell- and Tissue-Based Therapy
PubMed: 37168849
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1152457 -
The Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine Dec 2021Williams Syndrome (WS) is a rare genetic multisystem disorder that occurs because of a deletion of approximately 25 genes in the 7q11.23 chromosome region. This causes... (Review)
Review
Williams Syndrome (WS) is a rare genetic multisystem disorder that occurs because of a deletion of approximately 25 genes in the 7q11.23 chromosome region. This causes dysmorphic facial appearances, multiple congenital cardiovascular defects, delayed motor skills, and abnormalities in connective tissues and the endocrine system. The patients are mostly diagnosed with mild to moderate mental retardation, however, they have a hyper sociable, socially dis-inhibited, and outgoing personality, empathetic behavior, and are highly talkative. Oxytocin (OT), a neuropeptide synthesized at the hypothalamus, plays an important role in cognition and behavior, and is thought to be affecting WS patients' attitudes at its different amounts. Oxytocin receptor gene (), on chromosome 3p25.3, is considered regulating oxytocin receptors, via which OT exerts its effect. WS is a crucial disorder to understand gene, hormone, brain, and behavior associations in terms of sociality and neuropsychiatric conditions. Alterations to the WS gene region offer an opportunity to deepen our understandings of autism spectrum disorder, schizophrenia, anxiety, or depression. We aim to systematically present the data available of OT/ regulation and expression, and the evidence for whether these mechanisms are dysregulated in WS. These results are important, as they predict strong epigenetic control over social behavior by methylation, single nucleotide polymorphisms, and other alterations. The comparison and collaboration of these studies may help to establish a better treatment or management approach for patients with WS if backed up with future research.
Topics: Autism Spectrum Disorder; Humans; Oxytocin; Receptors, Oxytocin; Social Behavior; Williams Syndrome
PubMed: 34970101
DOI: No ID Found -
Inflammation Research : Official... Jan 2021Reports that the over-the-counter histamine H receptor antagonist famotidine could help treat the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) appeared from April 2020. We,...
OBJECTIVE
Reports that the over-the-counter histamine H receptor antagonist famotidine could help treat the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) appeared from April 2020. We, therefore, examined reports on interactions between severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and histamine receptor antagonists.
METHODS
A systematic literature search was performed by 19 September 2020, and updated on 28 October 2020, in PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library and Google Scholar using (COVID-19 OR coronavirus OR SARS-CoV-2) AND (histamine antagonist OR famotidine OR cimetidine). ClinicalTrials.gov was searched for COVID-19 and (famotidine or histamine).
RESULTS
Famotidine may be a useful addition in COVID-19 treatment, but the results from prospective randomized trials are as yet awaited. Bioinformatics/drug repurposing studies indicated that, among several medicines, H and H receptor antagonists may interact with key viral enzymes. However, in vitro studies have to date failed to show a direct inhibition of famotidine on SARS-CoV-2 replication.
CONCLUSIONS
Clinical research into the potential benefits of H receptor antagonists in managing COVID-19 inflammation began from a simple observation and now is being tested in multi-centre clinical trials. The positive effects of famotidine may be due to H receptor-mediated immunomodulatory actions on mast cell histamine-cytokine cross-talk, rather than a direct action on SARS-CoV-2.
Topics: COVID-19; Histamine Antagonists; Histamine H2 Antagonists; Humans; Receptors, Histamine; SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19 Drug Treatment
PubMed: 33206207
DOI: 10.1007/s00011-020-01422-1 -
Clinical Therapeutics Jun 2012Considerable clinical data on the treatment of type 2 diabetes with incretin-based therapies (glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists [GLP-1RAs] and... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Considerable clinical data on the treatment of type 2 diabetes with incretin-based therapies (glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists [GLP-1RAs] and dipeptidyl-peptidase IV [DPP-4] inhibitors) are available.
OBJECTIVE
This meta-analysis was performed to support the understanding of the overall evidence by summarizing the findings from studies of the incretin-based therapies.
METHODS
The MEDLINE, EMBASE, BIOSIS, and BIOSIS trial databases were searched for relevant literature published between January 1, 1990, and June 30, 2011. Search terms included GLP-1, DPP-4, the names of drugs that have been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of diabetes, and the names of drugs that have not been approved but are in late-stage research. Studies were included if they were randomized controlled trials of 12 to 52 weeks' duration and having change from baseline in hemoglobin (Hb) A(1c) as the primary end point. The random effects meta-analyses models examined HbA(1c), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), and body weight for individual therapies, but did not compare effects between therapies.
RESULTS
The reviewers identified 362 unique clinical studies, of which 80 were eligible for inclusion in the present meta-analysis. Mean baseline HbA(1c) values ranged from 7.4% to 10.3% (GLP-1RA studies) and 7.2% to 9.3% (DPP-4 inhibitor studies). The highest maintenance doses of the GLP-1RAs and the DPP-4 inhibitors were associated with changes from baseline in mean HbA(1c) of -1.1% to -1.6% and -0.6% to -1.1%, respectively. Mean reductions in FPG with exenatide once weekly (QW) or liraglutide once daily were apparently greater than those with exenatide twice daily (BID) and the DPP-4 inhibitors, with the exception of vildagliptin. Mean weight losses with the GLP-1RAs and the DPP-4 inhibitors were >-2.0 and -0.2 to -0.6 kg, respectively. The limitations of the present analysis included a lack of adjustment for placebo use and interstudy heterogeneity associated with differences in methodology (eg, management of concurrent medications, blinding, criteria for treatment discontinuation).
CONCLUSIONS
All of the incretin-based therapies in the present meta-analysis were associated with significant reductions from baseline in HbA(1c) and FPG. Further direct comparative studies between the GLP-1RAs and the DPP-4 inhibitors and within the GLP-1RA class are justified.
Topics: Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor; Humans; Receptors, Glucagon
PubMed: 22608780
DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2012.04.013 -
Translational Psychiatry Feb 2018Schizophrenia is a debilitating neuropsychiatric illness that is characterized by positive, negative, and cognitive symptoms. Research over the past two decades suggests... (Review)
Review
Schizophrenia is a debilitating neuropsychiatric illness that is characterized by positive, negative, and cognitive symptoms. Research over the past two decades suggests that the nociceptin receptor system may be involved in domains affected in schizophrenia, based on evidence aligning it with hallmark features of the disorder. First, aberrant glutamatergic and striatal dopaminergic function are associated with psychotic symptoms, and the nociceptin receptor system has been shown to regulate dopamine and glutamate transmission. Second, stress is a critical risk factor for first break and relapse in schizophrenia, and evidence suggests that the nociceptin receptor system is also directly involved in stress modulation. Third, cognitive deficits are prevalent in schizophrenia, and the nociceptin receptor system has significant impact on learning and working memory. Last, reward processing is disrupted in schizophrenia, and nociceptin signaling has been shown to regulate reward cue salience. These findings provide the foundation for the involvement of the nociceptin receptor system in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia and outline the need for future research into this system.
Topics: Cognitive Dysfunction; Humans; Receptors, Opioid; Reward; Schizophrenia; Stress, Psychological; Nociceptin Receptor
PubMed: 29391391
DOI: 10.1038/s41398-017-0080-8 -
Steroids Sep 2022Genetic susceptibility to dyslipidaemia remains incompletely understood. The liver X receptors (LXRs), members of the nuclear receptor superfamily of ligand dependent... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Genetic susceptibility to dyslipidaemia remains incompletely understood. The liver X receptors (LXRs), members of the nuclear receptor superfamily of ligand dependent transcription factors, are homeostatic regulators of lipid metabolism. Multiple single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)have been identified previously in the coding and regulatory regions of the LXRs. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to summarise associations between SNPs of LXRs (α and β isoforms) with blood lipid and lipoprotein traits. Five databases (PubMed, Ovid Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library) were systematically searched for population-based studies that assessed associations between one or more blood lipid/lipoprotein traits and LXR SNPs. Of seventeen articles included in the qualitative synthesis, ten were eligible for meta-analysis. Nine LXRα SNPs and five LXRβ SNPs were identified, and the three most studied LXRα SNPs were quantitatively summarised. Carriers of the minor allele A of LXRα rs12221497 (-115G>A) had higher triglyceride levels than GG homozygotes (0.13 mmol/L; 95%CI: [0.03, 0.23], P = 0.01). Heterozygote carriers of LXRα rs2279238 (297C/T) had higher total cholesterol levels (0.12 mmol/L; (95%CI: [0.01, 0.23], P = 0.04) than either CC or TT homozygotes. For LXRα rs11039155 (-6G>A), no significant differences in blood levels of either triglyceride (P = 0.39) or HDL-C (P = 0.98) were detected between genotypes in meta-analyses. In addition, there were no strong associations for other SNPs of LXRα and LXRβ. This study provides the evidence of an association between LXRα, but not LXRβ, SNPs and blood-lipid traits. Systematic review registration: PROSPERO No. CRD42021246158.
Topics: Lipids; Lipoproteins; Liver X Receptors; Orphan Nuclear Receptors; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Triglycerides
PubMed: 35679909
DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2022.109057 -
Cellular & Molecular Immunology Mar 2015Vitamin D receptor (VDR) polymorphisms have been studied as potential contributors to multiple sclerosis (MS). However, published studies differ with respect to study... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Vitamin D receptor (VDR) polymorphisms have been studied as potential contributors to multiple sclerosis (MS). However, published studies differ with respect to study design and the significance of the effects detected. The aim of this study was to quantify the magnitude of the risk associated with the TaqI, BsmI, ApaI and FokI VDR polymorphisms in MS using a meta-analysis approach. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, we conducted a systematic search and meta-analysis of the literature. Subgroup analyses were performed to detect potential sources of heterogeneity from the selected study characteristics. The stability of the summary risk was evaluated using sensitivity analyses. The meta-analysis included a total of 3300 cases and 3194 controls from 13 case-control studies. There were no significant associations found between TaqI and BsmI polymorphisms and MS risk. The association between the ApaI polymorphism and MS risk was significant in the homozygous and codominant models (P=0.013 and P=0.031, respectively), suggesting that the AA ApaI genotype might be a significant MS risk factor. Publication year and age significantly affected the association between TaqI polymorphisms and MS (P=0.014 and P=0.010, respectively), which indicates a protective effect of the major T allele. The AA ApaI and FF FokI genotypes are significant risk factors for MS. The association between the TaqI polymorphism and MS risk is significantly affected by study characteristics.
Topics: Case-Control Studies; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Humans; Multiple Sclerosis; Polymorphism, Genetic; Receptors, Calcitriol; Risk Factors
PubMed: 24998351
DOI: 10.1038/cmi.2014.47 -
BMJ Clinical Evidence Mar 2007Acute organophosphorus poisoning occurs after dermal, respiratory, or oral exposure to either low-volatility pesticides (e.g. chlorpyrifos, dimethoate) or... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Acute organophosphorus poisoning occurs after dermal, respiratory, or oral exposure to either low-volatility pesticides (e.g. chlorpyrifos, dimethoate) or high-volatility nerve gases (e.g. sarin, tabun). Most cases occur in resource-poor countries as a result of occupational or deliberate exposure to organophosphorus pesticides.
METHODS AND OBJECTIVES
We conducted a systematic review and aimed to answer the following clinical question: What are the effects of treatments for acute organophosphorus poisoning? We searched: Medline, Embase, The Cochrane Library and other important databases up to August 2006 (Clinical Evidence reviews are updated periodically, please check our website for the most up-to-date version of this review). We included harms alerts from relevant organisations such as the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the UK Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA).
RESULTS
We found 22 systematic reviews, RCTs, or observational studies that met our inclusion criteria. We performed a GRADE evaluation of the quality of evidence for interventions.
CONCLUSIONS
In this systematic review we present information relating to the effectiveness and safety of the following interventions: activated charcoal, alpha2 adrenergic receptor agonists, atropine, benzodiazepines, butyrylcholinesterase replacement therapy, cathartics, extracorporeal clearance, gastric lavage, glycopyrronium bromide, ipecacuanha, magnesium sulphate, milk or other home remedies, N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonists, organophosphorus hydrolases, oximes, sodium bicarbonate, washing the poisoned person and removing contaminated clothing.
Topics: Acute Disease; Administration, Oral; Charcoal; Gastric Lavage; Humans; Organophosphate Poisoning; Oximes; Pesticides; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Sodium Bicarbonate
PubMed: 19454054
DOI: No ID Found -
Molecular Neurodegeneration Nov 2022The family of VPS10p-Domain (D) receptors comprises five members named SorLA, Sortilin, SorCS1, SorCS2 and SorCS3. While their physiological roles remain incompletely... (Review)
Review
The family of VPS10p-Domain (D) receptors comprises five members named SorLA, Sortilin, SorCS1, SorCS2 and SorCS3. While their physiological roles remain incompletely resolved, they have been recognized for their signaling engagements and trafficking abilities, navigating a number of molecules between endosome, Golgi compartments, and the cell surface. Strikingly, recent studies connected all the VPS10p-D receptors to Alzheimer's disease (AD) development. In addition, they have been also associated with diseases comorbid with AD such as diabetes mellitus and major depressive disorder. This systematic review elaborates on genetic, functional, and mechanistic insights into how dysfunction in VPS10p-D receptors may contribute to AD etiology, AD onset diversity, and AD comorbidities. Starting with their functions in controlling cellular trafficking of amyloid precursor protein and the metabolism of the amyloid beta peptide, we present and exemplify how these receptors, despite being structurally similar, regulate various and distinct cellular events involved in AD. This includes a plethora of signaling crosstalks that impact on neuronal survival, neuronal wiring, neuronal polarity, and synaptic plasticity. Signaling activities of the VPS10p-D receptors are especially linked, but not limited to, the regulation of neuronal fitness and apoptosis via their physical interaction with pro- and mature neurotrophins and their receptors. By compiling the functional versatility of VPS10p-D receptors and their interactions with AD-related pathways, we aim to further propel the AD research towards VPS10p-D receptor family, knowledge that may lead to new diagnostic markers and therapeutic strategies for AD patients.
Topics: Humans; Alzheimer Disease; Amyloid beta-Peptides; Depressive Disorder, Major; Protein Transport; Nerve Growth Factors
PubMed: 36397124
DOI: 10.1186/s13024-022-00576-2