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Neuropsychopharmacology : Official... Mar 2022We searched PubMed for primary research quantifying drug modification of light-induced circadian phase-shifting in rodents. This search, conducted for work published...
We searched PubMed for primary research quantifying drug modification of light-induced circadian phase-shifting in rodents. This search, conducted for work published between 1960 and 2018, yielded a total of 146 papers reporting results from 901 studies. Relevant articles were those with any extractable data on phase resetting in wildtype (non-trait selected) rodents administered a drug, alongside a vehicle/control group, near or at the time of exposure. Most circadian pharmacology experiments were done using drugs thought to act directly on either the brain's central pacemaker, the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), the SCN's primary relay, the retinohypothalamic tract, secondary pathways originating from the medial/dorsal raphe nuclei and intergeniculate leaflet, or the brain's sleep-arousal centers. While the neurotransmitter systems underlying these circuits were of particular interest, including those involving glutamate, gamma-aminobutyric acid, serotonin, and acetylcholine, other signaling modalities have also been assessed, including agonists and antagonists of receptors linked to dopamine, histamine, endocannabinoids, adenosine, opioids, and second-messenger pathways downstream of glutamate receptor activation. In an effort to identify drugs that unduly influence circadian responses to light, we quantified the net effects of each drug class by ratioing the size of the phase-shift observed after administration to that observed with vehicle in a given experiment. This allowed us to organize data across the literature, compare the relative efficacy of one mechanism versus another, and clarify which drugs might best suppress or potentiate phase resetting. Aggregation of the available data in this manner suggested that several candidates might be clinically relevant as auxiliary treatments to suppress ectopic light responses during shiftwork or amplify the circadian effects of timed bright light therapy. Future empirical research will be necessary to validate these possibilities.
Topics: Circadian Rhythm; Pharmaceutical Preparations; S Phase; Serotonin; Suprachiasmatic Nucleus
PubMed: 34961774
DOI: 10.1038/s41386-021-01251-8 -
Frontiers in Pharmacology 2023Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a serious complication of cirrhosis. Currently, non-selective beta-blockers (NSBBs) are commonly used to treat portal hypertension in...
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a serious complication of cirrhosis. Currently, non-selective beta-blockers (NSBBs) are commonly used to treat portal hypertension in patients with cirrhosis. The latest research shows that NSBBs can induce apoptosis and S-phase arrest in liver cancer cells and inhibit the development of hepatic vascular endothelial cells, which may be effective in preventing HCC in cirrhosis patients. To determine the relationship between different NSBBs and HCC incidence in patients with cirrhosis. We searched the Cochrane database, MEDLINE, EMBASE, PubMed, and Web of Science. Cohort studies, case‒control studies, and randomized controlled trials were included if they involved cirrhosis patients who were divided into an experimental group using NSBBs and a control group with any intervention. Based on heterogeneity, we calculated odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) using random-effect models. We also conducted subgroup analysis to explore the source of heterogeneity. Sensitivity analysis and publication bias detection were performed. A total of 47 studies included 38 reporting HCC incidence, 26 reporting HCC-related mortality, and 39 reporting overall mortality. The HCC incidence between the experimental group and the control group was OR = 0.87 (0.69 and 1.10), = 0.000, and I = 81.8%. There was no significant association between propranolol (OR = 0.94 and 95%CI 0.62-1.44) or timolol (OR = 1.32 and 95%CI 0.44-3.95) and HCC incidence, while the risk of HCC decreased by 26% and 38% with nadolol (OR = 0.74 and 95%CI 0.64-0.86) and carvedilol (OR = 0.62 and 95%CI 0.52-0.74), respectively. Different types of NSBB have different effects on the incidence of patients with cirrhosis of the liver, where nadolol and carvedilol can reduce the risk. Also, the effect of NSBBs may vary in ethnicity. Propranolol can reduce HCC incidence in Europe and America. identifier https://CRD42023434175, https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/.
PubMed: 37538177
DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1216059 -
Frontiers in Endocrinology 2022Up to 80% of breast cancers (BCa) are estrogen receptor positive and current treatments target the estrogen receptor (endocrine therapies) and/or CDK4/6 (CDK4/6... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Up to 80% of breast cancers (BCa) are estrogen receptor positive and current treatments target the estrogen receptor (endocrine therapies) and/or CDK4/6 (CDK4/6 inhibitors). encodes the protein cyclin D1, responsible for regulation of G1 to S phase transition in the cell cycle. amplification is common in BCa and contributes to increased cyclin D1 expression. As there are signalling interactions between cyclin D1 and the estrogen receptor, understanding the impact of amplification on estrogen receptor positive patients' disease outcomes, is vital. This review aims to evaluate amplification as a prognostic and predictive biomarker in BCa.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Publications were retrieved from the databases: PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase and Cochrane library. Exclusion criteria were duplication, publication type, non-English language, and animal studies, not BCa, male BCa, premenopausal BCa, cohort size <35, amplification not reported. Publications with cohort duplication, and inadequate recurrence free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) data, were also excluded. Included publications were assessed for Risk of Bias (RoB) using the Quality In Prognosis Studies tool. Statistical analyses (Inverse Variance and Mantel-Haenszel) were performed in Review Manager. The PROSPERO registration number is [CRD42020208179].
RESULTS
amplification was significantly associated with positive estrogen receptor status (OR:1.70, 95% CI:1.19-2.43, p = 0.004) and cyclin D1 overexpression (OR: 5.64, 95% CI: 2.32-13.74, p=0.0001). amplification was significantly associated with shorter RFS (OR: 1.64, 95% CI: 1.13-2.38, p = 0.009), and OS (OR: 1.51, 95% CI: 1.19-1.92, p = 0.0008) after removal of studies with a high RoB. In endocrine therapy treated patients specifically, amplification predicted shorter RFS (HR: 2.59, 95% CI: 1.96-3.41, p < 0.00001) and OS (HR: 1.59, 95% CI: 1.00-2.49, p = 0.05) also after removal of studies with a high RoB.
CONCLUSION
While a lack of standardised approach for the detection of amplification is to be considered as a limitation, amplification was found to be prognostic of shorter RFS and OS in BCa. amplification is also predictive of reduced RFS and OS in endocrine therapy treated patients specifically. With standardised methods and cut offs for the detection of amplification, amplification would have potential as a predictive biomarker in breast cancer patients.
SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION
https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier CRD42020208179.
Topics: Breast Neoplasms; Cyclin D1; Gene Amplification; Humans; Postmenopause; Prognosis; Receptors, Estrogen
PubMed: 35784572
DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.895729 -
National Journal of Maxillofacial... 2023This systematic review mainly focuses on the effects of curcumin on oral cancer cells at the molecular level and summarizes the results of the studies. We searched and... (Review)
Review
This systematic review mainly focuses on the effects of curcumin on oral cancer cells at the molecular level and summarizes the results of the studies. We searched and analyzed various databases such as Pub Med, ProQuest, Google Scholar, Science Direct, and Scopus. Searches were conducted from 2006 to 2021. This systematic review evaluated various effects of curcumin on oral cancer at the molecular level. All the studies related to the effects of curcumin on oral cancer, both in-vivo and in-vitro, were included. After abstract and text screening a total of 13 articles were finally selected for the study based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. All most all the included studies reported that after treating the cell lines with curcumin there is a reduction in cell proliferation and cell growth, analyzed using MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) assay. Curcumin also induces S phase cell cycle arrest and also prevents Tregs migration. The curcumin reverses the process of epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) back to mesenchymal epithelial transition (MET). From this review, it is concluded that curcumin inhibited proliferation, migration, invasion, and metastasis, and induced apoptosis via modulating multiple signaling pathways in oral cancer cell lines. But further clinical trials are needed for a detailed evaluation of the effects of curcumin on patients with oral cancer.
PubMed: 37273438
DOI: 10.4103/njms.njms_29_22 -
EJIFCC Nov 2019Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women worldwide. In this systematic review 28 studies were taken into account, in order to evaluate the role of DNA... (Review)
Review
Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women worldwide. In this systematic review 28 studies were taken into account, in order to evaluate the role of DNA content and cell cycle phases, measured by flow cytometry in breast cancer. Presence of aneuploidy and S-phase fraction have been extensively studied as a prognostication tool. With the current dawn of the age of intraoperative flow cytometry the present systematic review provide an insight of the current role of flow cytometry in breast cancer and future horizons.
PubMed: 31814815
DOI: No ID Found -
PloS One 2014In Germany, inpatient psychotherapy plays a unique role in the treatment of patients with common mental disorders of higher severity. In addition to psychiatric... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
In Germany, inpatient psychotherapy plays a unique role in the treatment of patients with common mental disorders of higher severity. In addition to psychiatric inpatient services, psychotherapeutic hospital treatment and psychosomatic rehabilitation are offered as independent inpatient treatment options. This meta-analysis aims to provide systematic evidence for psychotherapeutic hospital treatment in Germany regarding its effects on symptomatic and interpersonal impairment.
METHODOLOGY
Relevant papers were identified by electronic database search and hand search. Randomized controlled trials as well as naturalistic prospective studies (including post-therapy and follow-up assessments) evaluating psychotherapeutic hospital treatment of mentally ill adults in Germany were included. Outcomes were required to be quantified by either the Symptom-Checklist (SCL-90-R or short versions) or the Inventory of Interpersonal Problems (IIP-64 or short versions). Effect sizes (Hedges' g) were combined using random effect models.
PRINCIPAL FINDINGS
Sixty-seven papers representing 59 studies fulfilled inclusion criteria. Meta-analysis yielded a medium within-group effect size for symptom change at discharge (g = 0.72; 95% CI 0.68-0.76), with a small reduction to follow-up (g = 0.61; 95% CI 0.55-0.68). Regarding interpersonal problems, a small effect size was found at discharge (g = 0.35; 95% CI 0.29-0.41), which increased to follow-up (g = 0.48; 95% CI 0.36-0.60). While higher impairment at intake was associated with a larger effect size in both measures, longer treatment duration was related to lower effect sizes in SCL GSI and to larger effect sizes in IIP Total.
CONCLUSIONS
Psychotherapeutic hospital treatment may be considered an effective treatment. In accordance with Howard's phase model of psychotherapy outcome, the present study demonstrated that symptom distress changes more quickly and strongly than interpersonal problems. Preliminary analyses show impairment at intake and treatment duration to be the strongest outcome predictors. Further analyses regarding this relationship are required.
Topics: Germany; Hospitalization; Humans; Inpatients; Interpersonal Relations; Mental Disorders; Psychiatric Department, Hospital; Psychotherapy, Psychodynamic; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 25141289
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0105329 -
Palliative & Supportive Care Apr 2020Informal caregiving may likely increase as the number of cancer survivors grows. Caregiving responsibilities can impact caregivers' quality of life (QOL). Understanding...
OBJECTIVE
Informal caregiving may likely increase as the number of cancer survivors grows. Caregiving responsibilities can impact caregivers' quality of life (QOL). Understanding the current state of the science regarding caregiving QOL could help inform future research and intervention development.
METHODS
A systematic literature review in PubMed/Medline examined research on QOL among informal cancer caregivers and related psychosocial health outcomes. Original research articles in English, published between 2007 and 2017 about caregivers (aged >18 years) of adult cancer patients in the United States were included. Abstracted articles were categorized according to caregiving recipient's phase of survivorship (acute, middle to long-term, end of life/bereavement).
RESULTS
Of 920 articles abstracted, 60 met inclusion criteria. Mean caregiver age ranged from 37 to 68 with the majority being female, non-Hispanic white, with at least a high school degree, and middle income. Almost half of the studies focused on caregivers who provided care for survivors from diagnosis through the end of active treatment. Studies examined physical health, spirituality, psychological distress, and social support. Differences in QOL were noted by caregiver age, sex, and employment status.
SIGNIFICANCE OF RESULTS
Additional research includes the examination of the needs of diverse cancer caregivers and determines how additional caregiver characteristics (e.g., physical functioning, financial burden, etc.) affect QOL. This includes studies examining caregiver QOL in the phases following the cessation of active treatment and assessments of health systems, support services, and insurance to determine barriers and facilitators needed to meet the immediate and long-term needs of cancer caregivers.
Topics: Adaptation, Psychological; Caregivers; Humans; Neoplasms; Patient Care; Quality of Life; Social Support
PubMed: 31588882
DOI: 10.1017/S1478951519000622